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Amiiformes#Timeline of genera

{{Short description|Order of fishes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Triassic|Recent}}

| image = Amia calva1.jpg

| image_caption = Extant bowfin Amia calva (Amiidae)

| image2 = Caturus furcatus 337.jpg

| image2_caption = Caturus (Caturidae) Late Jurassic, Germany

| display_parents = 2

| taxon = Amiiformes

| authority = O. P. Hay, 1929{{cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=35190 |title=Amiiformes|publisher=Paleobiology Database|access-date=November 15, 2012}}

| subdivision_ranks = Families

| subdivision = See text

| type_species = Amia calva

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1766

}}

The Amiiformes {{IPAc-en|'|æ|m|i|.|ᵻ|f|ɔːr|m|iː|z}} order of fish has only two extant species, the bowfins: Amia calva and Amia ocellicauda, the latter recognized as a separate species in 2022.{{Cite journal |last=Wright |display-authors=etal |date=3 October 2022 |title=Phylogenomic analysis of the bowfin (Amia calva) reveals unrecognized species diversity in a living fossil lineage |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=16514 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-20875-4 |pmid=36192509 |pmc=9529906 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1216514W }} These Amiiformes are found in the freshwater systems of North America, in the United States and parts of southern Canada. They live in freshwater streams, rivers, and swamps. The order first appeared in the Triassic, and the extinct members include both marine and freshwater species, many of which are morphologically disparate from bowfins, such as the caturids.

Evolution and diversity

The extinct species of the Amiiformes can be found as fossils in Asia and Europe, but the bowfin is the last living species in the order. Amiiformes is therefore the last surviving order of Halecomorphi, the clade to which the bowfin and its fossil relatives belong. Other orders, such as the Parasemionotiformes, are all extinct.

Halecomorphs, and its sister group Ginglymodi, belong to Holostei. Holosteans are the sister group of teleosteans, the group to which nearly all (i.e., 96%) living fishes belong to. Holosteans and Teleosts form a clade called Neopterygii. The following cladogram{{cite journal |last1=Sun |first1=Zuoyu |last2=Tintori |first2=Andrea |last3=Xu |first3=Yaozhong |last4=Lombardo |first4=Cristina |last5=Ni |first5=Peigang |last6=Jiang |first6=Dayoung |title=A new non-parasemionotiform order of the Halecomorphi (Neopterygii, Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of Tethys. |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |date=April 2017 |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=223–240 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2016.1181679|s2cid=133176227 }} summarizes the evolutionary relationships of living and fossil Halecomorphs, and other neopterygians.

{{clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%;

| label1=Neopterygii

| 1={{clade

|1=Teleostei 130px

|label2=Holostei

|2={{clade

|1=Ginglymodi (gars, alligator gars, and their fossil relatives) 130px

|label2=Halecomorphi

|2={{clade

|1={{extinct}}Parasemionotiformes 110px

|2={{clade

|1={{extinct}}Panxianichthyiformes 110px

|2={{clade

|1={{extinct}}Ionoscopiformes 110px

|2=Amiiformes (bowfins and their fossil relatives) 130px

}} }} }} }} }} }}

Possible specimens of caturoids are known from the Late Triassic, with the earliest unambiguous members being known from the Early Jurassic.{{Cite journal |last=López-Arbarello |first=Adriana |last2=Ebert |first2=Martin |date=January 2023 |title=Taxonomic status of the caturid genera (Halecomorphi, Caturidae) and their Late Jurassic species |url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.221318 |journal=Royal Society Open Science |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.1098/rsos.221318 |issn=2054-5703 |pmc=9832298 |pmid=36686548}} Amiiformes had spread to North America and Africa by the end of the Middle Jurassic, reaching an apex of diversity during the Early Cretaceous, during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, the group declined until only a single genus, Amia, containing the bowfin remained.{{Cite journal|last1=Poyato-Ariza|first1=Francisco José|last2=Martín-Abad|first2=Hugo|date=2020-07-19|title=History of two lineages: Comparative analysis of the fossil record in Amiiformes and Pycnodontiformes (Osteischtyes, Actinopterygii)|url=https://ojs.uv.es/index.php/sjpalaeontology/article/view/17833|journal=Spanish Journal of Palaeontology|volume=28|issue=1|pages=79|doi=10.7203/sjp.28.1.17833|issn=2255-0550|doi-access=free|hdl=10486/710030|hdl-access=free}}

Taxonomy

  • Order Amiiformes Hay, 1929{{cite web|website=Mikko's Phylogeny Archive|last=Haaramo|first=Mikko|year=2007|title=Amiiformes – bowfin and relatives |url=http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/actinopterygii/halecomorphi/amiiformes.html |accessdate= 30 December 2016}}{{cite book|last1=Nelson|first1=Joseph S.|last2=Grande|first2=Terry C.|last3=Wilson|first3=Mark V. H.|year=2016|title=Fishes of the World|edition=5th|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118342336}}{{cite journal|last=van der Laan|first=Richard|year=2016|title=Family-group names of fossil fishes|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303911230}}
  • Genus †Guizhouamia Liu, Yin & Wang, 2002
  • Genus †Otomitla Felix, 1891{{cite journal |last1=Tan |first1=K. |last2=Jin |first2=F. |title=Re-study on Gymnoichthys inopinatus from Middle Triassic of Luoping, Yunnan, China |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |date=2013 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271161370}}
  • Genus †Paraliodesmus Dunkle, 1969
  • Superfamily †Caturoidea
  • Genus †Eurypoma Huxley, 1866{{cite journal |last1=Arratia |first1=G. |last2=Schultze |first2=H.-P. |title=Eurycormus – Eurypoma, two Jurassic actinopterygian genera with mixed identity |journal=Fossil Record |date=2007 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=17–37 |doi=10.1002/mmng.200600016|doi-access=free }}
  • Genus †Gymnoichthys? Tintori et al., 2010
  • Genus †Liodesmus Wagner, 1859
  • Genus †Strobilodus Wagner, 1851{{cite journal |last1=López-Arbarello |first1=A. |last2=Ebert |first2=M. |title=Taxonomic status of the caturid genera (Halecomorphi, Caturidae) and their Late Jurassic species |journal=Royal Society Open Science |date=2023 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=221318 |doi=10.1098/rsos.221318|pmid=36686548 |bibcode=2023RSOS...1021318L |s2cid=255570499 |pmc=9832298 }}
  • Family †Caturidae Owen, 1860
  • Genus †Catutoichthys Gouiric-Cavalli, 2016{{cite journal |last1=Gouiric-Cavalli |first1=S. |title=A new Late Jurassic halecomorph fish from the marine Vaca Muerta Formation, Argentina, southwestern Gondwana |journal=Fossil Record |date=2016 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=119–129 |doi=10.5194/fr-19-119-2016|doi-access=free |hdl=11336/54624 |hdl-access=free }}
  • Genus †Amblysemius Agassiz, 1844
  • Genus †Caturus Agassiz, 1834
  • Superfamily Amioidea Bonaparte, 1838
  • Genus †Amiidarum? Lange, 1968 [Otolith]
  • Genus †Ferganamia? Kaznyshkin, 1990
  • Genus †Lehmanamia? Casier, 1966
  • Genus †Tomognathus Dixon, 1850{{cite journal |last1=Forey |first1=P. L. |last2=Patterson |first2=C. |title=Description and systematic relationships of † Tomognathus, an enigmatic fish from the English Chalk |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |date=2006 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=157–184 |doi=10.1017/S1477201905001719|s2cid=86028273 }}
  • Family †Sinamiidae Berg, 1940
  • Genus †Ikechaoamia Liu, 1961{{cite journal |last1=Cavin |first1=L. |last2=Suteethorn |first2=V. |last3=Buffetaut |first3=E. |last4=Claude |first4=J. |last5=Cuny |first5=G. |last6=Le Loeuff |first6=J. |last7=Tong |first7=H. |title=The first sinamiid fish (Holostei: Halecomorpha) from Southeast Asia (Early Cretaceous of Thailand) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |date=2007 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=827–837 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[827:TFSFHH]2.0.CO;2|s2cid=85325978 }}
  • Genus †Siamamia Cavin et al., 2007
  • Genus †Sinamia Stensiö, 1935
  • Family Amiidae Bonaparte, 1837
  • Subfamily Amiinae Bonaparte, 1837 (sensu Grande & Bemis, 1998)
  • Genus Amia Linnaeus, 1766
  • Genus †Cyclurus Agassiz, 1839
  • Genus †Pseudamiatus Whitley, 1954
  • Subfamily †Amiopsinae Grande & Bemis, 1998
  • Genus †Amiopsis Kner, 1863
  • Subfamily †Solnhofenamiinae Grande & Bemis, 1998
  • Genus †Solnhofenamia Grande & Bemis, 1998
  • Subfamily †Vidalamiinae Grande & Bemis, 1998
  • Tribe †Calamopleurini Grande & Bemis, 1998
  • Genus †Calamopleurus Agassiz, 1841
  • Genus †Maliamia Patterson & Longbottom, 1989
  • Tribe †Vidalamiini Grande & Bemis, 1998
  • Genus †Melvius Bryant, 1987
  • Genus †Pachyamia Chalifa & Tchernov 1982
  • Genus †Vidalamia White & Moy-Thomas, 1941
  • Genus †Nipponamia Yabumoto, 1994

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Wikispecies-inline|Amiidae}}

{{Actinopterygii}}

{{Halecomorphi|A.|state=collapsed}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3314611}}

Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines

Category:Ray-finned fish orders