Amos 7

The original text was written in Hebrew. This chapter is divided into 17 verses. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments cumulatively containing all verses of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q78 (4QXII^c; 75–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–16;{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|p=607}}[http://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#amos Dead sea scrolls – Amos]{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=38}} 4Q82 (4QXII^g; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1, 7–12, 14–17;{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=606–608}}{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=39}} DSS F.Amos1 (DSS F.181; 1–30 CE) with extant verse 17;Tov, Emanuel (2014) [https://brill.com/view/journals/dsd/21/1/article-p3_2.xml New Fragments of Amos]. Dead Sea Discoveries 21:3–13. and Wadi Murabba'at (MurXII; 75–100 CE) with extant verses 3–6, 8–17.

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The extant Codex Sinaiticus currently does not have the whole Book of Amos.{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Codex Sinaiticus}}}}

:Thus the Lord God showed me: Behold, He formed locust swarms at the beginning of the late crop; indeed it was the late crop after the king’s mowings.{{bibleverse|Amos|7:1|NKJV}}: New King James Version

Jennifer Dimes suggests that the "king's mowings" was a tax;cf. Catholic Book Publishing Corp., [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Amos%207&version=NCB#fen-NCB-26826a Footnote a at Amos 7:1] in the New Catholic Bible the Jerusalem Bible suggests that the king exacted a part of the first crop to feed his horses.Jerusalem Bible (1966), Footnote a at Amos 7:1 The "late" or "second" crop suggests a multiple cropping process was in place.Keil, C. F. and Delitzsch, F., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/kad/amos/7.htm Keil and Delitzsch OT Commentary on Amos 7], accessed 25 December 2023

:Thus the Lord God showed me: Behold, the Lord God called for conflict by fire, and it consumed the great deep and devoured the territory.{{bibleverse|Amos|7:4|NKJV}}: NKJV

The Jerusalem Bible associates the fire with a drought,Jerusalem Bible (1966), Footnote e at Amos 7:4 the "first manifestation of the judgment of the {{Lord}}", anticipated in Amos 1:2: The green pastures of the shepherds will turn brown and die. Even Mount Carmel will become dry.{{bibleverse|Amos|1:2|ERV}}: Easy-to-Read VersionJerusalem Bible (1966), Footnote b at Amos 1:2 On the {{Lord}} "contending" or "disputing" by fire, Samuel Driver notes the words of Isaiah, for by fire and by His sword, the Lord will judge all flesh.Driver, S. R. (1898), [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/amos/7.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges] on Amos 7, accessed 26 December 2023, referencing {{bibleverse|Isaiah|66:16|NKJV}}

File:Plumb bob.jpg

: And the Lord said unto me,

:: Amos, what seest thou?

: And I said, A plumbline.

: Then said the Lord,

:: Behold, I will set a plumbline in the midst of my people Israel:

:: I will not again pass by them any more:{{bibleverse|Amos|7:8|KJV}}: KJV

• "Amos, what seest thou?" God calls the prophet by name, as a familiar friend, just as He said to Moses, "I know you by name" {{bibleverse|Exodus|33:12|9}}, {{bibleverse|Exodus|33:17|9}}. For "the Lord knows them that are His" ({{bibleverse|2 Timothy|2:19|9}}).Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.{{PD-notice}}
• "Plumbline" or "plumb bob"; "plummet": a tool to measure not only for building, but also for pulling down (see {{bibleverse|2 Kings|21:13|9}}; {{bibleverse|Isaiah|34:11|9}}; {{bibleverse|Lamentations|2:8|9}}), which should be done "in the midst" of the people, that all might be tried individually, and that all might acknowledge the justice of the sentence, which is a complete ruin.Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.{{PD-notice}} The Vulgate Latin version renders it, "a plasterer's" or "mason's trowel"; with which they lay their plaster and mortar on in building: the Septuagint translates as "an adamant", and it is called "anachites" by Pliny,Pliny, Nat. Hist. l. 3. c. 4. a word in sound near to this here used: the Targum renders it, "judgment": but Jarchi and Aben Ezra observe that in the Arabic tongue it signifies "lead" or "tin","plumbum, sive nigrum, sive album puriusque", Camusus; "plumbum et stannum", Ibn Maruph apud Golium, col. 176. Avicenna apud Castel. col. 161. Vid. Hottinger. Smegma Oriental. l. 1. c. 7. p. 122.{{clarify|date=December 2023}} and thus "a line with lead at the end of it".Gill, J., John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746–1763.{{PD-notice}}
• "Not … pass by … any more": "not forgive them any more" ({{bibleverse|Amos|8:2|9}}; {{bibleverse|Proverbs|19:11|9}}; {{bibleverse|Micah|7:18|9}}).Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871.{{PD-notice}}

In this "historical account of Amaziah's opposition to Amos",{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Amos}} Amos is expelled from Bethel, where he had been warning about the impending threat to the northern Kingdom. Michael Coogan suggests that these verses "interrupt" the sequence of visions. Dimes treats this part as a "central narrative" which "demonstrates why judgement is irrevocable".Dines, J. M., 29. Amos, in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), [https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 The Oxford Bible Commentary], p. 587 F. E. Gigot considers it "probable" that Amos left Bethel in compliance with Amaziah's directives and "withdrew to Juda[h]". Gary Rendsburg has noted that the verb here always refers to fleeing one's home country to a foreign state, suggesting that his home town of Teqoaʿ was in the Galilee in Samaria and not the Teqoaʿ south of Jerusalem.{{cite book |author1=Rendsburg |author1-link=Gary A. |editor1-last=Hornkohl |editor1-first=Aaron D. |editor2-last=Khan |editor2-first=Geoffrey |editor1-link=Aaron D. Hornkohl |editor2-link=Geoffrey Khan |title=New Perspectives in Biblical and Rabbinic Hebrew |date=6 April 2021 |publisher=Open Book Publishers |isbn=978-1-80064-164-8 |language=English |chapter=Israelian Hebrew in the Book of Amos |series=Semitic Languages and Cultures |volume=7 |pages=717–740 |doi=10.11647/OBP.0250.23 |doi-access=free |quote=In a second lexical study, Rosenbaum (1990, 35–37) demonstrated that the verb b-r-ḥ always refers to fleeing from one’s own country to a foreign land.}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

• Amaziah
• Friends and Heroes Series 3, Episode 1
• Israel
• Jeroboam
• Jerusalem
• Joash
• Judah
• Uzziah}}

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• Related Bible parts: Amos 1, Amos 2, Amos 8, Amos 9

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• {{Cite book

|last = Collins

|first = John J.

|title = Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures

|publisher = Fortress Press

|year = 2014

|isbn = 9781451469233

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ

}}

• {{Cite book|title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.|author-link= Joseph Fitzmyer |publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008|isbn = 9780802862419|location = Grand Rapids, MI }}
• {{Cite book

|last = Hayes

|first = Christine

|title = Introduction to the Bible

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|year = 2015

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|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC

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• {{Cite book

| editor-last = Ulrich

| editor-first = Eugene |editor-link= Eugene Ulrich

| title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants

| year = 2010

| publisher = Brill

| url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls}}

• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

• [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1507.htm Amos 7 Hebrew with Parallel English]
• [http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16179 Amos 7 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary]

• [http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=35&c=7 Amos 7 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate]

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