Andreas, Isle of Man

Andreas lies at an altitude of about 20 metres, in the centre of the island's northern plain, in the parish of Andreas, which takes in part of the sandy lands known as the Curragh, and to the north contains low, rounded hills, lying between Port Cranstal and Blue Head.{{cite web |title=Andreas (Parish of) |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/parishes/as/index.htm |website=Isle-of-Man.com |access-date=23 March 2020}} It is further within the sheading of Ayre.{{cite web |title=Third Report of the Manx Archaeological Survey Committee - Sheading of Ayre |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/arch/3rpt/index.htm |website=Manx Notebook (isle-of-man.com) |access-date=23 March 2020}}

A now little-used RAF airfield is about 1 km to the east of the village.{{cite web|title=Andreas, Isle of Man|url=http://www.controltowers.co.uk/A/Andreas_Isle_of_Man.htm|access-date=23 March 2020}}

Both the village and the parish take their name from Saint Andrew. Evidence for human habitation of the area stretches back to the pre-Christian era. The Bronze Age Ballavarry Burial Mound can be found a short distance outside the village.

St Andrew's Church, the parish church for Andreas, was most likely built on the site of a much older early Christian keeill (small chapel)."[http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/arch/3rpt/as.htm 3rd Report of the Archaeological Survey - Parish of Kirk Andreas]". A Manx Notebook. Retrieved 1 January 2021.

Several medieval Manx carved stone crosses with slabs have been discovered in the vicinity of the parish church.{{Cite web|title=Thorwald's Cross Slab|url=http://www.imuseum.im/search/collections/places/mnh-site-213505.html|access-date=1 January 2021|website=iMuseum}} Eleven slabs are now on display in St Andrew's Church.{{Cite web|title=About us - Kirk Andreas|url=https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/17687/about-us/|access-date=1 January 2021|website=A Church Near You}} Many of the crosses illustrate the shared Celtic and Norse history of the Isle of Man. For example, Thorwald's Cross has a Christian cross as its central theme but it also depicts Norse mythological figure Odin being devoured by the wolf Fenrir at the Battle of Ragnarök.{{Cite news|title=A History of the World: Thorwald's Cross|work=BBC|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/lK4EapVHRgKV_DyFGeDeIQ|access-date=1 January 2021}}

The old rectory in Andreas village was the most significant residential building in the village for centuries. William Blundell's A History of the Isle of Man (1648–1656) makes reference to the rectory during the time of Bishop Samuel Rutter.{{Cite book|last=Blundell|first=William|title=A History of the Isle of Man|publisher=Manx Society|location=Isle of Man}} It is now a registered building.

For much of the history of the village, the community was primarily based around agriculture.{{Cite book|last=Kneen|first=J. J.|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/pn1925/as.htm|title=The Place-Names of the Isle of Man With their Origin and History|publisher=Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh|year=1925|location=Isle of Man|chapter=Parish of Kirk Andreas}} In recent years many inhabitants of the village now commute daily to Ramsey or Douglas.

{{main|RAF Andreas}}

During the war the Royal Air Force Station Andreas was home to several squadrons, including 457 and 452 squadrons RAAF, 93 Squadron RAF, an Air Sea Rescue Squadron and No.11 Air Gunnery School. The airfield operated from 1941 to 1946, and had three runways. Subsequently, and up to the present day, it has limited use for agriculture light aircraft activity and gliding

There are also 23 military graves at St Andrew's Church from WWII.

The A9, A17, A19, B2, B3, and B14 roads all converge on the village. The nearest town, Ramsey, is 5 km to the south east of the village{{cite web|title=Maps of the Isle of Man|url=https://www.gov.im/maps/|access-date=23 March 2020|website=Government of the Isle of Man|publisher=Government of the Isle of Man}}

The village is served by Bus Vannin routes and an on-demand service.{{Cite web|date=15 October 2019|title=On-demand bus service|url=https://www.ramsey.gov.im/news/on-demand-bus-service-to-serve-jurby-from-april/|access-date=1 January 2021|website=Ramsey Town Commissioners}}

The village has a primary school, Andreas Primary School, which takes children from ages 4 to 11. It also has a breakfast club. The school takes children from across a wide but defined area, some brought by government-sponsored bus. It was originally built in 1903, with the current building dating primarily from 1977. The school logo features a cross based on Viking cross-slabs in the village church, a Viking ship based on a local ship burial at Knock y Doonee and the Manx arms.{{cite web|title=Andreas School|url=https://andreas.sch.im/pages/index/view/id/69/General%20Information|access-date=23 March 2020|website=Isle of Man Schools|publisher=Department of Education}}{{cite web|title=Primary- Andreas School|url=http://www.gov.im/education/schools/andreas.xml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051203102410/http://www.gov.im/education/schools/andreas.xml|archive-date=3 December 2005|access-date=23 March 2020|publisher=Department of Education, Isle of Man Government}}

After year six, pupils generally attend either Queen Elizabeth II High School in Peel or Ramsey Grammar School in Ramsey.

There is also a parish hall, built in 1939, which hosts a youth club, the local Women's Institute, parties, exhibitions and sports such as badminton and bowls.{{cite web|date=8 April 2019|title=Cash for Parish Hall|url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/article.cfm?id=47643&headline=Cash%20for%20parish%20hall§ionIs=news&searchyear=2019|access-date=23 March 2020|website=IoM Today|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214601/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/article.cfm?id=47643&headline=Cash%20for%20parish%20hall§ionIs=news&searchyear=2019|url-status=dead}}

There is one pub and restaurant in the village, the Grosvenor. After temporarily closing in late 2019, it has since reopened.{{Cite news|date=28 October 2019|title=Andreas' Grosvenor pub closed and 'under new management'|work=Manx Radio|url=https://www.manxradio.com/news/isle-of-man-news/andreas-grosvenor-pub-closed-and-under-new-management/|access-date=1 January 2021}}

Ayre United are based in the village. Founded there in 1967, they compete in the Isle of Man Football League and play their home games at Andreas Playing Fields{{cite web|title=Ayre United Football Club (home page)|url=http://www.ayreunited.co.uk/|access-date=23 March 2020|website=Ayre United Football Club|archive-date=7 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207002941/http://www.ayreunited.co.uk/|url-status=dead}} where they have a clubhouse, built up from an old RAF building brought from Jurby airfield. They were the first club on the island to install floodlights. They won the Manx FA Cup in the 2002–3 season.{{cite web|title=Club History|url=http://www.ayreunited.co.uk/club_history_clud_honours.html|access-date=23 March 2020|website=Ayre United F.C.}}

The first church in the vicinity was Cabbal Vaartyn (St Martin's Chapel) which has also been recorded as being named Keeil Colomb,{{Cite web|last=Kermode|first=P. M. C.|date=1930|title=Andreas - List of Manx Antiquities|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/lma1930/as.htm|access-date=1 January 2021|website=A Manx Notebook}} on what today is the road between Andreas and The Lhen, and then, after the formation of regular parishes, between 1270 and 1344, a church was built in Andreas itself, dedicated to the village's patron saint, St Andrew.

The current building, St Andrew's Church, was built in 1802 with stone from Sulby Glen, and is the Anglican parish church, in the Church of England Diocese of Sodor and Man. A 120-foot bell tower was built in 1869, but reduced in height during World War II.{{cite web |title=Andreas |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/parishes/as/andreas.htm |website=Isle-of-Man.com |access-date=23 March 2020}} The bell tower has never been restored to its original height.{{Cite web|title=Andreas Parish|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/parishes/as/index.htm|access-date=1 January 2021|website=A Manx Notebook}}

Also in the parish is St Jude's Chapel, built in 1869 in a Romanesque style with a square tower.{{cite web|title=Isle of Man Parishes and their Churches and Chapels|url=http://www.gumbley.net/diocese.htm#parishes|access-date=23 March 2020}} In March 2005 the Friends of St Jude's took over the upkeep of the chapel and successfully campaigned against its demolition. It is now used for occasional services including weddings, funerals and christenings.{{cite news|title=Group must 'prove church worth'|date=25 October 2005|publisher=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/isle_of_man/4378272.stm|access-date=23 March 2020}}

The village has no separate local government, but the Parish of Andreas is overseen by Parish Commissioners, responsible for such aspects as public parks and leisure areas, street lighting and cleaning, certain housing matters and local roads.{{cite web |title=Local Authority contacts |url=https://www.gov.im/categories/home-and-neighbourhood/local-authorities/local-authority-contacts/#accordion |website=Isle of Man Government |access-date=23 March 2020}}

Andreas is in the Keys constituency of Ayre & Michael.{{cite web |title=House of Keys constituencies and members |url=http://www.tynwald.org.im/memoff/member/Pages/default.aspx#HKMembers |website=Tynwald - The Parliament of the Isle of Man |access-date=23 March 2020}}

{{gallery|title=Andreas, Isle of Man|width=250|height=170|align=centre|image:Andreas Church (reduced tower 2).jpeg|St Andrew's Church, Andreas|image:Andreas War Memorial.jpeg|Andreas War Memorial|Br Olsen;185A, Andreas.jpg|Thorwald's Cross Slab|File:Andreas Village Hall - geograph.org.uk - 38111.jpg|Andreas Village Hall|File:Military_graves_at_Andreas_Churchyard.jpeg|Military graves at Andreas Churchyard}}

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{{Isle of Man}}

Category:Villages in the Isle of Man