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Android version history#API level 14.2C Android 5.0.2 Lollipop

{{Short description|List of Android operating system versions}}

{{pp|small=yes}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}

The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the public release of its first beta on November 5, 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released on September 23, 2008. The operating system has been developed by Google on a yearly schedule since at least 2011.{{cite web |access-date=January 30, 2023 |title=What's the Latest Version of Android? |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/345250/whats-the-latest-version-of-android/ |website=How-To Geek |first1=Joe |last1=Fedewa|date=January 12, 2023 }} New major releases are announced at Google I/O in May along with beta testing with the stable version usually released to the public between August and October.

{{TOC limit|3}}

Overview

{{see also|Android software development}}

The development of Android started in 2003 by Android, Inc., which was purchased by Google in 2005.{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2005/tc20050817_0949_tc024.htm |title=Google Buys Android for Its Mobile Arsenal |last=Elgin |first=Ben |date=August 17, 2005 |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |publisher=Bloomberg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227182929/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2005/tc20050817_0949_tc024.htm |archive-date=February 27, 2011 |access-date=February 20, 2012 |url-status=dead}} There were at least two internal releases of the software inside Google and the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) before the beta version was released.{{cite web |title=A History of Pre-Cupcake Android Codenames |publisher=Android Police |via=Google+ |date=June 12, 2013 |url=https://plus.google.com/%2BAndroidPolice/posts/MwDsoxDJ9qQ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612205755/https://plus.google.com/%2BAndroidPolice/posts/MwDsoxDJ9qQ | archive-date=June 12, 2013 | url-status=unfit}} See post by Dianne Hackborn{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/112413860260589530492/posts/WrBh6fsChfH |title=Dan Morrill |publisher=Google+ |date=January 2, 2013 |access-date=January 5, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119193144/https://plus.google.com/112413860260589530492/posts/WrBh6fsChfH |archive-date=January 19, 2013}} The beta was released on November 5, 2007,{{cite web |publisher=Google Operating System |url=http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/11/google-launches-android-open-mobile.html |title=Google Launches Android, an Open Mobile Platform |date=November 5, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930055836/http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/11/google-launches-android-open-mobile.html |archive-date=September 30, 2011}}{{cite web |publisher=Gizmodo |url=https://gizmodo.com/318561/live-googles-gphone-open-handset-alliance-conference-call |format=transcript |title=Live Google's gPhone Open handset alliance conference call |date=November 5, 2007 |access-date=February 8, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154205/http://gizmodo.com/#!318561/live-googles-gphone-open-handset-alliance-conference-call |archive-date=February 7, 2013}} while the software development kit (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007.{{cite web |work=MacWorld |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/61005/2007/11/androidsdk.html |title=Google releases Android SDK |date=November 12, 2007 |access-date=February 8, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822061319/http://www.macworld.com/article/61005/2007/11/androidsdk.html |archive-date=August 22, 2010}} Several public beta versions of the SDK were released.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/older_releases.html |title=SDK Archives |access-date = March 7, 2015 |website=Android Developers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303224554/http://developer.android.com/sdk/older_releases.html |archive-date = March 3, 2015}} These releases were done through software emulation as physical devices did not exist to test the operating system. Both the operating system itself and the SDK were released along with their source code, as free software under the Apache License.{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Ryan |date=November 6, 2007 |title=Why Google chose the Apache Software License over GPLv2 for Android |url=https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2007/11/why-google-chose-the-apache-software-license-over-gplv2/ |access-date=December 9, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312063844/https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2007/11/why-google-chose-the-apache-software-license-over-gplv2/ |url-status=live }}

The first public release of Android 1.0 occurred with the release of the T-Mobile G1 (aka HTC Dream) in October 2008.{{cite web |url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/6/ |title=The history of Android: Android 1.0—introducing Google Apps and actual hardware |publisher=Ars Technica |date=June 16, 2014 |access-date=December 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310151326/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/6/ |archive-date=March 10, 2015}} Android 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names. The code names "Astro Boy" and "Bender" were tagged internally on some of the early pre-1.0 milestone builds and were never used as the actual code names of the 1.0 and 1.1 releases of the OS.{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/09/17/a-history-of-pre-cupcake-android-codenames/ |title=A History of Pre-Cupcake Android Codenames |date=September 17, 2012 |website=Android Police |access-date=December 5, 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825191904/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/09/17/a-history-of-pre-cupcake-android-codenames/ |archive-date=August 25, 2013}}

The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived using a confectionery-themed naming scheme for public releases, starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake. Google announced in August 2019 they were ending the confectionery theming scheme to use numerical ordering for future versions.{{cite web |url=https://www.blog.google/products/android/evolving-android-brand/ |title=A pop of color and more: updates to Android's brand |publisher=Google |date=August 22, 2019 |access-date=August 22, 2019 |archive-date=September 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902060330/https://www.blog.google/products/android/evolving-android-brand/ |url-status=live }} The first release under the numerical order format was Android 10, which was released in September 2019.

In 2017, Google announced that Google Play would begin to require apps to target a recent Android version.{{cite web |title=Improving app security and performance on Google Play for years to come |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/improving-app-security-and-performance.html |first1=Edward |last1=Cunningham |date=December 19, 2017 |access-date=June 30, 2020 |website=Android Developers Blog |archive-date=July 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702093301/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/improving-app-security-and-performance.html |url-status=live }} Since then, a new major Android version has been released in the second half of each year, and apps must target it by August 31 of the following year for new apps, or November 1 for app updates.{{Cite web |title=Target API level requirements for Google Play apps - Play Console Help |url=https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/11926878 |access-date=October 24, 2023 |website=Google Support |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134721/https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/11926878 |url-status=live }}

class="wikitable"
Name

! Internal codename{{Cite web |title=Codenames, Tags, and Build Numbers |url=https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |access-date=June 1, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |publisher=Google |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122032/https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |url-status=live }}

! Version number(s)

! API level

! Release date

! Latest security patch date{{Cite web |title=Android Security Bulletins |url=https://source.android.com/security/bulletin |access-date=February 8, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134818/https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin |url-status=live }}

! Latest Google Play Services version{{cite web |title=Google System Release Notes |url=https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14343500 |access-date=17 May 2024 |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513094036/https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14343500 |url-status=live }} (release date)

Android 1.0

| {{N/A}}

| {{Version|o|1.0}}

| 1

| September 23, 2008

| rowspan="18" {{N/A}}

| rowspan="7" {{N/A}}

Android 1.1

| Petit Four

| {{Version|o|1.1}}

| 2

| February 9, 2009

Android Cupcake

| Cupcake

| {{Version|o|1.5}}

| 3

| April 27, 2009

Android Donut

| Donut

| {{Version|o|1.6}}

| 4

| September 15, 2009

rowspan="3" | Android Eclair

| rowspan="3" | Eclair

| {{Version|o|2.0}}

| 5

| October 27, 2009

{{Version|o|2.0.1}}

| 6

| December 3, 2009

{{Version|o|2.1}}

| 7

| January 11, 2010{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |title=Android 2.1 SDK |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |url-status=live }}

Android Froyo

| Froyo

| {{Version|o|2.2 – 2.2.3}}

| 8

| May 20, 2010

| 3.2.25 (October 2014)

rowspan="2" | Android Gingerbread

| rowspan="2" | Gingerbread

| {{Version|o|2.3 – 2.3.2}}

| 9

| December 6, 2010

| rowspan="5" | 10.0.84 (November 2016)

{{Version|o|2.3.3 – 2.3.7}}

| 10

| February 9, 2011

rowspan="3" | Android Honeycomb

| rowspan="3" | Honeycomb

| {{Version|o|3.0}}

| 11

| February 22, 2011

{{Version|o|3.1}}

| 12

| May 10, 2011

{{Version|o|3.2 – 3.2.6}}

| 13

| July 15, 2011

rowspan="2" | Android Ice Cream Sandwich

| rowspan="2" | Ice Cream Sandwich

| {{Version|o|4.0 – 4.0.2}}

| 14

| October 18, 2011

| rowspan="2" | 14.8.49 (February 2019)

{{Version|o|4.0.3 – 4.0.4}}

| 15

| December 16, 2011

rowspan="3" | Android Jelly Bean

| rowspan="3" | Jelly Bean

| {{Version|o|4.1 – 4.1.2}}

| 16

| July 9, 2012

| rowspan="3" | 21.33.56 (September 2021)

{{Version|o|4.2 – 4.2.2}}

| 17

| November 13, 2012

{{Version|o|4.3 – 4.3.1}}

| 18

| July 24, 2013

rowspan="2" | Android KitKat

| rowspan="2" | Key Lime Pie

| {{Version|o|4.4 – 4.4.4}}

| 19

| October 31, 2013

| October 2017

| rowspan="2" | 23.30.13 (August 2023)

{{Version|o|4.4W – 4.4W.2}}

| 20

| June 25, 2014

| {{dunno}}

rowspan="2" | Android Lollipop

| rowspan="2" | Lemon Meringue Pie

| {{Version|o|5.0 – 5.0.2}}

| 21

| November 4, 2014{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 |url-status=live }}

| November 2017

| rowspan="2" |24.28.35 (August 2024)

{{Version|o|5.1 – 5.1.1}}

| 22

| March 2, 2015{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134720/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 |url-status=live }}

| March 2018

Android Marshmallow

| Macadamia Nut Cookie

| {{Version|o|6.0 – 6.0.1}}

| 23

| September 29, 2015{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134721/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 |url-status=live }}

| August 2018

| rowspan="13" |25.11.34 (March 2025)

rowspan="2" | Android Nougat

| rowspan="2" | New York Cheesecake

| {{Version|o|7.0}}

| 24

| August 22, 2016

| August 2019

{{Version|o|7.1 – 7.1.2}}

| 25

| October 4, 2016

| October 2019

rowspan="2" | Android Oreo

| rowspan="2" | Oatmeal Cookie

| {{Version|o|8.0}}

| 26

| August 21, 2017

| January 2021

{{Version|o|8.1}}

| 27

| December 5, 2017

| October 2021

Android Pie

| Pistachio Ice Cream{{cite web |last1=Parker |first1=Steven |title=Android P being referred to as 'Pistachio Ice Cream' internally at Google |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |website=Neowin |publisher=Neowin LLC |access-date=December 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134820/https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |url-status=live }}

| {{Version|o|9}}

| 28

| August 6, 2018

| January 2022

Android 10

| Quince Tart{{cite web |last1=Gartenberg |first1=Chaim |title=Even Android 11 is cake |url=https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |website=The Verge |date=July 23, 2020 |publisher=Vox Media, LLC |access-date=July 27, 2021 |quote=Burke revealed last year that Android Q had been internally known as "Quince Tart" |archive-date=December 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217230719/https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |url-status=live }}

| {{Version|o|10}}

| 29

| September 3, 2019

| February 2023

Android 11

| Red Velvet Cake

| {{Version|o|11}}

| 30

| September 8, 2020

| February 2024

Android 12

| Snow Cone

| {{Version|o|12}}

| 31

| October 4, 2021

| rowspan="2" | March 2025

Android 12L

| Snow Cone v2

| {{version|o|12.1}}{{efn|name=A12.1|12L launched as part of the March 2022 security update to supported Pixel devices. The factory images for March 2022 and subsequent updates display the version as 12.1.{{cite web |access-date=March 31, 2022 |title=Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices |url=https://developers.google.com/android/images |website=Google Developers |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404151606/https://developers.google.com/android/images |url-status=live }} The device's about page will still show the Android version as 12.{{cite web |first1=Ron |last1=Amadeo |access-date=2023-03-08 |title=Android 12L is official as "Android 12.1," rolling out now to Pixel phones |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |date=March 7, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307232151/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |url-status=live }}}}

| 32

| March 7, 2022

Android 13

| Tiramisu

| {{Version|co|13}}

| 33

| August 15, 2022

| rowspan="3" | April 2025

Android 14

| Upside Down Cake{{cite news |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Kyle |title=Android 14 gets official internal codename… Upside Down Cake |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |access-date=October 5, 2022 |publisher=9to5Google |date=April 22, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134822/https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |url-status=live }}

| {{Version|co|14}}

| 34

| October 4, 2023

Android 15

| Vanilla Ice Cream{{cite news |last1=Cantisano |first1=Timi |title=Android 15 dessert-themed codename revealed as 'Vanilla Ice Cream' |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=XDA Developers |date=3 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427135948/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |url-status=live }}

| {{Version|c|15}}

| 35

| September 3, 2024

Android 16

| Baklava{{cite web |last1=McCullough |first1=Matthew |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=18 November 2024 |archive-date=November 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121185224/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |url-status=live }}

| {{Version|cp|16}} Beta 4{{cite web |title=Release notes |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/release-notes |website=Android Developers |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=19 November 2024 |archive-date=November 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125091646/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/release-notes |url-status=live }}

| 36

| April 17, 2025

| April 2025

| 25.07.34 (April 2025)

colspan="7" | {{Version|l|show=111110}}

{{notelist}}

Version history

The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official application programming interface (API) levels.

= Android 1.0 =

{{anchor|Android 1.0|Android 1|1.0}}

Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.{{cite web |last=Morrill |first=Dan |title=Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=September 23, 2008 |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |access-date=January 12, 2011 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512135036/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |url-status=live }} The first commercially available Android device was the HTC Dream.{{cite news |publisher=T-Mobile |url=http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |access-date=October 15, 2013 |title=T-Mobile Unveils the T-Mobile G1 – the First Phone Powered by Android |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016001926/http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |archive-date=October 16, 2013 |url-status=dead}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 1.0 (API 1)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

1.0

| September 23, 2008

|

  • Android Market, allowing application downloads and updates through the Market application.
  • Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards").{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/ |title=T-Mobile G1 review, part 2: software and wrap-up |first=Joshua |last=Topolsky |publisher=Engadget |date=October 16, 2008 |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=July 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731231733/https://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/a/android.com/opensource/release-features---android-1-0 |title=Release features – Android 1.0 |year=2008 |access-date=February 7, 2013 |archive-date=September 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919041651/https://www.google.com/a/android.com/ServiceLogin?service=jotspot&passive=1209600&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fandroid.com%2Fopensource%2Frelease-features---android-1-0&followup=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fandroid.com%2Fopensource%2Frelease-features---android-1-0&ul=1 |url-status=dead }}
  • Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc.{{cite news |publisher=PC Magazine |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2331003,00.asp |title=T-Mobile G1 (Google Android Phone) |first=Sascha |last=Segan |date=October 16, 2008 |access-date=February 6, 2013 |archive-date=May 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530160849/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2331003,00.asp |url-status=live }}
  • Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.{{cite news |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/folders-on-the-android-desktop-and-how-to-rename-them-466/ |title=Folders on the Android desktop, and how to rename them |publisher=Android Authority |first=Darcy |last=LaCouvee |date=October 17, 2008 |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=May 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518172012/http://www.androidauthority.com/folders-on-the-android-desktop-and-how-to-rename-them-466/ |url-status=live }}
  • Access to web email servers, supporting POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP.
  • Gmail synchronization with the Gmail application.
  • Google Contacts synchronization with the People application.
  • Google Calendar synchronization with the Calendar application.
  • Google Maps with Street View to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local businesses and obtain driving directions using GPS.
  • Google Sync, allowing management of over-the-air synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar.
  • Google Search, allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc.
  • Google Talk instant messaging.
  • Instant messaging, text messaging, and MMS.
  • Media Player, enabling management, importing, and playback of media files – however, this version lacked video and stereo Bluetooth support.
  • Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html |title=Status Bar Notifications |publisher=Android Developers |date=May 24, 2012 |access-date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=June 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613233007/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html |url-status=live }}
  • Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number.
  • Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets.
  • YouTube video player.{{cite web |url=http://www.techpluto.com/what-is-android/ |title=What is Android? |date=September 18, 2008 |publisher=TechPluto.com |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=October 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023184321/https://www.techpluto.com/what-is-android/ |url-status=live }}
  • Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings.
  • Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support.

= Android 1.1 =

{{anchor|Android 1.1}}

On February 9, 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as "Petit Four" internally, though this name was not used officially.{{cite web |title=Android Platform Overview |url=http://source.android.com/source/overview.html |publisher=Android Source |access-date=September 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922202532/https://source.android.com/source/overview.html|archive-date=September 22, 2012|url-status=dead}} The update resolved bugs, changed the Android API and added a number of features:{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.1.html |title=Android 1.1 Version Notes |date=February 2009 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=April 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221194031/https://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.1.html |archive-date=February 21, 2011}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 1.1 (API 2)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

1.1

| February 9, 2009

|

  • Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps.
  • Longer in-call screen timeout by default when using the speakerphone, plus the ability to show/hide the dialpad.
  • Ability to save attachments in messages.
  • Support added for marquee in system layouts.

= Android 1.5 Cupcake =

{{Main|Android Cupcake}}

{{anchor|Android 1.5|Android Cupcake|Cupcake|1.5}}

On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.27.{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |title=Android 1.5 is here! |date=April 27, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |access-date=September 3, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925095047/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last=Rob |first=Jackson |title=CONFIRMED: Official Cupcake Update Underway for T-Mobile G1 USA & UK! |date=April 30, 2009 |url=http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |publisher=Phandroid |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=May 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504130749/http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |url-status=live }} This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item ("Cupcake"), a theme used for all releases until Android Pie, with Android 10 and later using a number-only system. The update included several new features and UI amendments:{{cite web |date=April 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |title=Android 1.5 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=September 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901200518/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |url-status=dead}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

1.5

| April 27, 2009

|

  • Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and a user dictionary for custom words.
  • Support for Widgets – miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html |title=App Widgets |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |access-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-date=October 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024060808/https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html |url-status=live }}
  • Video recording and playback in MPEG-4 and 3GP formats.
  • Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth (A2DP and AVRCP profiles).
  • Copy and paste features in web browser.
  • User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts.
  • Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from a call log event.
  • Animated screen transitions.
  • Auto-rotation option.
  • New stock boot animation.
  • Ability to upload videos to YouTube.
  • Ability to upload photos to Picasa.
  • Ability to check phone usage history.{{cite web |url=https://101android.com/view-phone-usage-history/ |title=Phone Usage History |publisher=101 Android |year=2017|access-date=December 24, 2017|archive-date=February 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223191108/https://101android.com/view-phone-usage-history/|url-status=dead}}

= Android 1.6 Donut =

{{Main|Android Donut}}

{{anchor|Android 1.6|Android Donut|Donut|1.6}}

On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 – dubbed Donut – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |title=Android 1.6 SDK is here |date=September 15, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925095011/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Paul |title=Google releases Android 1.6; Palm unleashes WebOS 1.2 |date=October 1, 2009 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |work=Ars Technica |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002105348/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |archive-date=October 2, 2009 |url-status=live}} Included in the update were numerous new features:{{cite web |title=Android 1.6 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |date=September 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430191552/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |url-status=live}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 1.6 Donut (API 4)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

1.6

| September 15, 2009

|

  • Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web.
  • Ability for developers to include their content in search results.
  • Multi-lingual speech synthesis engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text.
  • Easier searching and the ability to view app screenshots in Android Market.
  • Gallery, Camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access.
  • Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion.
  • Updated technology support for CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs, and a text-to-speech engine.
  • Support for WVGA screen resolutions.
  • Speed improvements in searching and camera applications.
  • Expanded Gesture framework and a new GestureBuilder development tool.

= Android 2.0 Eclair =

{{Main|Android Eclair}}

{{Anchor|Android 2.0|Android Eclair|Eclair|Android 2|2.0}}

On October 27, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed Eclair.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |title=Android 2.0, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044736/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}} Changes include the ones listed below.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |title=Android 2.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044731/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

2.0

| October 27, 2009{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/10/announcing-android-20-support-in-sdk.html |title=Announcing Android 2.0 support in the SDK! |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031125134/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/10/announcing-android-20-support-in-sdk.html |url-status=live }}

|

  • Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of an email and contacts.
  • Microsoft Exchange email support, with a combined inbox to browse an email from multiple accounts in one page.
  • Bluetooth 2.1 support.
  • Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person.
  • Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with the added ability to delete the oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached.
  • Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus.
  • Improved typing speed on a virtual keyboard, with a smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions.
  • Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for HTML5.
  • Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and the ability to invite new guests to events.
  • Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI.
  • Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio.
  • Improved Google Maps 3.1.2.
  • MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events.{{cite web |title=Android 2.0 API Changes Summary |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html#api-changes |access-date=March 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044736/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}
  • Pressure-sensitive touch support in API, even though no according hardware existed at that time.{{cite web |title=Force Touch? Android has had that for years |url=https://pocketnow.com/force-touch-android-has-had-that-for-years |website=Pocketnow |access-date=June 13, 2021 |date=September 7, 2015 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613183953/https://pocketnow.com/force-touch-android-has-had-that-for-years |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=MotionEvent § getPressure() |url=https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#getPressure() |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613183953/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#getPressure() |url-status=live }}
  • Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement.

== Android 2.0.1 Eclair ==

{{anchor|Android 2.0.1|2.0.1}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

2.0.1

| December 3, 2009{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.1.html |title=Android 2.0.1, Release 1 SDK |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115003947/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.1.html |archive-date=January 15, 2010 |url-status=live}}

|

  • Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes.

== Android 2.1 Eclair ==

{{anchor|Android 2.1}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

2.1

| January 11, 2010{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html |title=Android 2.1, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114194657/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html |archive-date=January 14, 2010 |url-status=dead}}

|

  • Minor amendments to the API and bug fixes.

= Android 2.2 Froyo =

{{Main|Android Froyo}}

{{anchor|Android 2.2|Android Froyo|Froyo|2.2}}

On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for frozen yogurt) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |work=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.2 and developers goodies |access-date=May 20, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=May 20, 2010 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512013526/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |url-status=live }}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 2.2 Froyo (API 8)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

2.2

| May 20, 2010

|

  • Speed, memory, and performance optimizations.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/20/exclusive-unofficially-confirmed-froyo-features-post-day-1-of-google-io-google-io-blitz-coverage-day-1/ |title=Unofficially Confirmed Froyo Features, Post-Day-1 Of Google I/O |date=May 20, 2010 |publisher=Android Police |access-date=May 20, 2010 |archive-date=May 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501015836/http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/20/exclusive-unofficially-confirmed-froyo-features-post-day-1-of-google-io-google-io-blitz-coverage-day-1/ |url-status=live }}
  • Additional application speed improvements, implemented through JIT compilation.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/11/exclusive-androidpolice-coms-nexus-one-is-running-android-2-2-froyo-how-fast-is-it-compared-to-2-1-oh-only-about-450-faster/ |title=Nexus One Is Running Android 2.2 Froyo. How Fast Is It Compared To 2.1? Oh, Only About 450% Faster |publisher=Android Police |access-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-date=August 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801040059/http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/11/exclusive-androidpolice-coms-nexus-one-is-running-android-2-2-froyo-how-fast-is-it-compared-to-2-1-oh-only-about-450-faster/ |url-status=live }}
  • Integration of Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application.
  • Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push notifications.
  • Improved Microsoft Exchange support, including security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe.{{cite web |last1=Harbor |title=Android now fully supports Exchange |url=https://www.harborcomputerservices.net/android-now-fully-supports-exchange/ |website=harborcomputerservices.net |access-date=September 11, 2010 |date=June 29, 2010 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135753/https://www.harborcomputerservices.net/android-now-fully-supports-exchange/ |url-status=live }}
  • Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications.
  • USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/05/android-22-froyo-features-usb-wi-fi-tethering/ |title=Android 2.2 'Froyo' Features USB, Wi-Fi Tethering |magazine=Wired |date=May 13, 2010 |access-date=February 14, 2013 |author=Sorrel, Charlie |archive-date=November 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106224423/http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/05/android-22-froyo-features-usb-wi-fi-tethering/ |url-status=live }}
  • Option to disable data access over a mobile network.
  • Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features.
  • Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries.
  • Support for Bluetooth-enabled car and desk docks.
  • Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords.
  • Support for file upload fields in the Browser application.{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2519#c112 |title=Browser support for file upload field is coming in Froyo |access-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-date=March 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320120623/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2519#c112 |url-status=live }}
  • The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only.
  • Support for installing applications to expandable memory.
  • Adobe Flash support.{{cite news |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/googles-andy-rubin-on-everything-android/ |title=Google's Andy Rubin on Everything Android |work=The New York Times |access-date=May 20, 2010 |first=Brad |last=Stone |date=April 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430192951/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/googles-andy-rubin-on-everything-android/ |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |url-status=live}}
  • Support for high-PPI displays (up to 320 ppi), such as four-inch 720p screens.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#range |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Range of screens supported |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 8, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128224652/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#range |url-status=live }}
  • Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture.
2.2.1

| September 27, 2010{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135742/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 |url-status=live }}

|

  • Bug fixes, security updates and performance improvements.
2.2.2

| January 21, 2011{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135743/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 |url-status=live }}

|

  • Minor bug fixes, including SMS routing issues that affected the Nexus One.{{cite news |last=Hollister |first=Sean |title=Nexus One gets tiny update to Android 2.2.2, fixes SMS routing issues |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/01/22/nexus-one-gets-tiny-update-to-android-2-2-2-probably-fixes-sms/ |access-date=November 17, 2011 |publisher=Engadget |date=January 22, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135748/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2011-01-22-nexus-one-gets-tiny-update-to-android-2-2-2-probably-fixes-sms.html%26tbla_id%3Db8801a67-ee65-488a-8ce7-a9677f4e6876-tuctc9d6ddb%26gam_id%3Dy-vEZQfbNE2uLaKjAB0lE7iYBpOYMIKf.u%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-vEZQfbNE2uLaKjAB0lE7iYBpOYMIKf.u%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1DUm1OUC5sRTJ1RTdhelFfNDJjT1g3R3BabVlwZGJIQX5B%26ydsp%3Dy-9B3bUgFE2uLe_tF8l4JDw9mOQ_CWu5.o%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}
2.2.3

| November 21, 2011{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1 |access-date=September 2, 2013 |title=Android 2.2.3 source tag |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929173218/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1 |url-status=live }}

|

  • Two security updates.

= Android 2.3 Gingerbread =

{{Main|Android Gingerbread}}

{{anchor|Android 2.3|Gingerbread|Android Gingerbread|2.3}}

On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |publisher=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.3 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |access-date=December 7, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=December 6, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101227190245/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |archive-date=December 27, 2010 |url-status=live}} Changes included:{{cite web |date=December 6, 2010 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |title=Android 2.3 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=December 7, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101210235053/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |archive-date=December 10, 2010 |url-status=live}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

2.3

| December 6, 2010

|

  • Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed.
  • Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher).
  • Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephones.
  • Faster, more intuitive text input on a virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode.
  • Enhanced copy/paste functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-holding, copying, and pasting.
  • Support for Near Field Communication (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement.
  • New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost.
  • New Download Manager, giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application.
  • Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available.
  • Support for WebM/VP8 video playback, and AAC audio encoding.
  • Improved power management with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the device awake for too long.
  • Enhanced support for native code development.
  • Switched from YAFFS to ext4 on newer devices.{{Cite news |url=http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread |title=Android will be using ext4 starting with Gingerbread |publisher=Linux Foundation |first=Theodore |last=Ts'o |date=December 12, 2010 |access-date=June 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528064125/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread |archive-date=May 28, 2011 |url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/saving-data-safely.html |title=Saving Data Safely |author=Tim Bray |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=December 19, 2010 |access-date=June 11, 2011 |archive-date=July 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727234704/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/saving-data-safely.html |url-status=live }}
  • Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers.
  • Concurrent garbage collection for increased performance.
  • Native support for more sensors (such as gyroscopes and barometers).
  • First Android version to feature an Easter egg. It was an image of the Bugdroid standing next to a zombie gingerbread man, with many more zombies in the background.
2.3.1

| December 22, 2010{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135846/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 |url-status=live }}

|

  • Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.
2.3.2

| January 21, 2011{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135758/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 |url-status=live }}

|

  • Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.

== Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread ==

{{Anchor|Android 2.3.3|2.3.3}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

2.3.3

| February 9, 2011{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2011/02/android-233-platform-new-nfc.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform, New NFC Capabilities |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135849/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2011/02/android-233-platform-new-nfc.html |url-status=live }}

|

  • Several improvements and API fixes.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform |publisher=Android Developers |year=2011|access-date=November 19, 2012|archive-date=June 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613232731/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.html|url-status=dead}}
2.3.4

| April 28, 2011{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/android-2.3.4_r1 |access-date=September 2, 2013 |title=Android 2.3.4 source tag |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929174948/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/android-2.3.4_r1 |url-status=live }}

|

  • Support for voice or video chat using Google Talk.{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/04/video-chat-on-your-android-phone.html |title=Video Chat on Your Android Phone |date=April 28, 2011 |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |access-date=April 18, 2013 |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128144225/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/04/video-chat-on-your-android-phone.html |url-status=live }}
  • Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 (Honeycomb) but the Open Accessory Library grants 2.3.4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software and a compatible application on the device.{{cite web |title=Open Accessory Library 2.3.4 |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.4.html |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=August 3, 2012 |archive-date=August 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805081044/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.4.html |url-status=live }}
  • Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5.{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Abhijoy |url=http://www.muktware.com/2013/10/java-weakened-androids-ssl-security-nsa-may-picture/15033 |title=Is it Java that weakened Android's SSL security? |publisher=Muktware |date=October 14, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |archive-date=October 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026181842/http://www.muktware.com/2013/10/java-weakened-androids-ssl-security-nsa-may-picture/15033 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://op-co.de/blog/posts/android_ssl_downgrade/ |title=Why Android SSL was downgraded from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5 in late 2010 |date=October 15, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |publisher=op-co.de |archive-date=November 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105221353/http://op-co.de/blog/posts/android_ssl_downgrade/ |url-status=live }}
  • Fixed a spontaneous reboot on Samsung Galaxy S Plus.
2.3.5

| July 25, 2011{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135849/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 |url-status=live }}

|

  • Improved network performance for the Nexus S 4G, among other fixes and improvements.
  • Fixed a Bluetooth bug on Samsung Galaxy S.
  • Fixed a Wi-Fi crash on Samsung Galaxy S Plus.
  • Improved the Gmail application.
  • Shadow animations for list scrolling.
  • Camera software enhancements.{{cite news |last=Arghire |first=Ionut |title=Android 2.3.5 Arrives on Galaxy S in the UK |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |publisher=Softpedia.com |access-date=December 1, 2011 |archive-date=December 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204034344/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |url-status=live }}
  • Improved battery efficiency.
2.3.6

| September 2, 2011{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/android/nexus-s-ushers-in-android-236-but-does-it-fix-or-cause-bugs |title=Nexus S Ushers-In Android 2.3.6, But Does It Fix Or Cause Bugs? |publisher=pocketnow |date=September 2, 2011 |access-date=August 4, 2014 |author=Stephen Schenck |archive-date=October 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017014023/http://pocketnow.com/android/nexus-s-ushers-in-android-236-but-does-it-fix-or-cause-bugs |url-status=dead }}

|

  • Fixed a voice search bug.{{Efn|The 2.3.6 update had the side-effect of impairing the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.{{cite web |url=http://www.addictivetips.com/mobile/android-2-3-6-gingerbread-update-for-nexus-s-available-wi-fi-and-tethering-fix/ |title=Android 2.3.6 Gingerbread Update For Nexus S Available (Wi-Fi And Tethering Fix) |publisher=Addictive Tips |date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=December 20, 2011 |author=Ali Waqas |archive-date=December 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212004046/http://www.addictivetips.com/mobile/android-2-3-6-gingerbread-update-for-nexus-s-available-wi-fi-and-tethering-fix/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/android/google-samsung-nexus-s-gets-android-236-update |title=Google Samsung Nexus S Gets Android 2.3.6 Update |publisher=PocketNow |date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=December 20, 2011 |author=Anton D. Nagy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230132748/http://pocketnow.com/android/google-samsung-nexus-s-gets-android-236-update |archive-date=December 30, 2011 |url-status=dead}}}}
2.3.7

| September 21, 2011

|

= Android 3.0 Honeycomb =

{{Main|Android Honeycomb}}

{{Anchor|Android 3.0|Android Honeycomb|Honeycomb|Android 3|3.0}}

On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the first tablet-only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |title=A Sneak Peek of Android 3.0, Honeycomb |first=Andy |last=Rubin |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |date=January 5, 2011 |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110108061358/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |archive-date=January 8, 2011 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |title=Final Android 3.0 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |author=Xavier Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=February 22, 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110305143408/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |archive-date=March 5, 2011 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |title=Google's Android Event Analysis |author=Mithun Chandrasekhar |publisher=AnandTech |date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2011 |quote=I confirmed this with Google; Honeycomb, at least in the current form, will not be coming to non-tablet devices. |archive-date=February 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205210127/http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |url-status=live }} The first device featuring this version, the Motorola Xoom tablet, was released on February 24, 2011.{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa/ |title=Motorola Atrix 4G and Xoom tablet launching at the end of February, Droid Bionic and LTE Xoom in Q2 |author=Nilay Patel |publisher=Engadget |date=January 26, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2011 |archive-date=February 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204085801/http://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa? |url-status=live }} The update's features included:{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |title=Android 3.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216200154/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |archive-date=February 16, 2011 |url-status=dead}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

3.0

| February 22, 2011

|

  • Optimized tablet support with a new "holographic" user interface (removed again the following year with version 4.2).
  • New Easter egg, an image of a Tron-themed bumblebee.
  • Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen.
  • Added the Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen.
  • Simplified multitasking – tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another.
  • Redesigned the keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes
  • Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface.
  • Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new "incognito" mode allowing somewhat anonymous browsing.
  • Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and other camera features.
  • Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos.
  • New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts.
  • New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages.
  • Hardware acceleration.
  • Support for multi-core processors.
  • Ability to encrypt all user data.
  • HTTPS stack improved with Server Name Indication (SNI).
  • Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE; kernel module).
  • Disallows applications from having to write access to secondary storage (memory cards on devices with internal primary storage) outside of designated, application-specific directories. Full access to primary internal storage is still allowed through a separate application-level permission.{{cite web |last=Ho |first=Joshua |title=Examining MicroSD changes in Android 4.4 |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7859/examining-microsd-changes-in-android-44 |work=Anandtech |access-date=March 28, 2014 |archive-date=March 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328131328/http://anandtech.com/show/7859/examining-microsd-changes-in-android-44 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/17/external-blues-google-has-brought-big-changes-to-sd-cards-in-kitkat-and-even-samsung-may-be-implementing-them/ |title=External Blues: Google Has Brought Big Changes To SD Cards In KitKat, And Even Samsung Is Implementing Them |date=February 17, 2014 |author=Cody Toombs |access-date=February 20, 2014 |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221100831/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/17/external-blues-google-has-brought-big-changes-to-sd-cards-in-kitkat-and-even-samsung-may-be-implementing-them/ |url-status=live }}

== Android 3.1 Honeycomb ==

{{anchor|Android 3.1|3.1}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API 12)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

3.1

| May 10, 2011{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |title=Android 3.1 Platform, New SDK tools |date=May 10, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=May 10, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110511072447/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=live}}

|

  • UI refinements.
  • Connectivity for USB accessories (USB On-The-Go).
  • Expanded Recent Applications list.
  • Resizable Home screen widgets.
  • Support for external keyboards and pointing devices.
  • Support for joysticks and gamepads.
  • Support for FLAC audio playback.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html |title=Android Supported Media Formats |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=March 30, 2012 |archive-date=March 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311121312/http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=1461 |title=Issue 1461 – Android – FLAC file support enhancement request. |access-date=August 5, 2011 |archive-date=April 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410001003/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=1461 |url-status=live }}
  • High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high-performance Wi-Fi connections when the device screen is off.
  • Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point.

== Android 3.2 Honeycomb ==

{{anchor|Android 3.2|3.2}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API 13)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

3.2

| July 15, 2011{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/android-32-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |title=Android 3.2 Platform and Updated SDK tools |date=July 15, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718090730/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/android-32-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |url-status=live }}

|

  • Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets.
  • Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization.
  • Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions.
  • New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices.{{cite web |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Declaring Tablet Layouts for Android 3.2 |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#DeclaringTabletLayouts |access-date=February 18, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128224652/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#DeclaringTabletLayouts |url-status=live }}
3.2.1

| September 20, 2011

|

  • Bug fixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements.
  • Update to Android Market with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Conditions text.
  • Update to Google Books.
  • Improved Adobe Flash support in browser.
  • Improved Chinese handwriting prediction.
3.2.2

| September 30, 2011

|

  • Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom 4G.
3.2.4

| December 15, 2011

|

  • Pay As You Go for 3G and 4G tablets.
3.2.6

| February 15, 2012

|

  • Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of Airplane mode on the US 4G Motorola Xoom.

= Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich =

{{Main|Android Ice Cream Sandwich}}

{{anchor|Android 4.0|Ice Cream Sandwich|Android Ice Cream Sandwich|Android 4|4.0}}

The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1,{{cite web |last=Maroger |title=Ice Cream Sandwich Runs on Linux Kernel 3.0.1 |url=http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |publisher=Blogspot |work=Fine Oils |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926170532/http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |url-status=live }} was publicly released on October 19, 2011.{{cite web |url=http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SDK Now Available |publisher=Social Barrel |first=Francis |last=Rey |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908152338/http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |url-status=live }} Google's Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was "theoretically compatible" with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time.{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |title=Google confirms Nexus S will get Ice Cream Sandwich – for real this time (Gingerbread devices, too) |publisher=Engadget |first=Tim |last=Stevens |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=August 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825184314/http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |url-status=live }} The source code for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |title=Ice Cream Sandwich source code released, custom ROMs inevitable |publisher=AndroidGuys |first=Vincent |last=Messina |date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922033259/http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |url-status=dead }} Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support Adobe Systems' Flash player.{{cite web |url=http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |title=Today Is The Last Day To Get Flash For Android |publisher=WebProNews |date=August 14, 2012 |access-date=February 7, 2013 |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130212639/http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |url-status=live }} The update introduced numerous new features:{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/18/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich now official, includes revamped design, enhancements galore |publisher=Engadget |first=Brad |last=Molen |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141807/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2011-10-18-android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official.html%26tbla_id%3D291617d0-ae7b-4f64-a3ab-2d9c87337e65-tuctc9d729d%26gam_id%3Dy-Dg48dZ5E2uL0jTg1pU87JdyUKqk5Bqxu%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-Dg48dZ5E2uL0jTg1pU87JdyUKqk5Bqxu%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1xMElGWXRORTJ1RWJBTHF3SFM2Tl9kRWV1bVE4cnB0b35B%26ydsp%3Dy-sZGCizFE2uJUefsPeUXcKYwdxKNrsV3C%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-19736_7-20122331-251/ice-cream-sandwich-adds-tons-of-new-features/?tag=mncol;txt |title=Ice Cream Sandwich adds tons of new features |publisher=CNET |first=Kent |last=German |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013}}{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |title=A Quick Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich Feature Rundown |publisher=Tech Crunch |first=Chris |last=Velazco |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=July 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728060204/http://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |url-status=live }}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

4.0

| October 18, 2011

|

  • Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with the new Roboto font family.
  • Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones.
  • Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications.
  • Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style.
  • Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages.
  • Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the Calendar.
  • Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons).
  • Improved error correction on the keyboard.
  • Ability to access applications directly from the lock screen.
  • Improved copy-and-paste functionality.
  • Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech-to-text dictation.
  • Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software.
  • Automatic syncing of browser with users' Chrome bookmarks.
  • Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded.
  • Ability to shut down applications from the recent apps list with a swipe.{{cite web |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/169549/what-exactly-happens-when-you-swipe-an-android-app-from-the-recent-apps-list/ |title=What Exactly Happens When You Swipe An Android App From the Recent Apps List? |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Jason |date=August 20, 2013 |publisher=How-To Geek |access-date=September 19, 2014 |archive-date=October 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015200044/http://www.howtogeek.com/169549/what-exactly-happens-when-you-swipe-an-android-app-from-the-recent-apps-list/ |url-status=live }}
  • Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording.
  • Built-in photo editor.
  • New gallery layout, organized by location and person.
  • Refreshed the "People" application with social network integration, status updates and hi-res images.
  • Android Beam, a near-field communication feature allowing the rapid short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data.
  • Support for the WebP image format.
  • Hardware acceleration of the UI.{{cite web |url=http://phandroid.com/2011/10/19/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-has-hardware-acceleration/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich has Hardware Acceleration |publisher=Phandroid |first=Quentyn |last=Kennemer |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2011 |archive-date=October 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021022202/http://phandroid.com/2011/10/19/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-has-hardware-acceleration/ |url-status=live }}
  • Wi-Fi Direct.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html |title=Wi-Fi Direct |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=July 27, 2013 |archive-date=August 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817042707/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html |url-status=live }}
  • 1080p video recording for stock Android devices.
  • Android VPN Framework (AVF), and TUN (but not TAP) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software required a rooted Android device.
4.0.1

| October 19, 2011

|

  • Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
4.0.2

| November 28, 2011

|

  • Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011.{{Efn|For Canadian consumers, 4.0.2 reportedly created a bug on the Galaxy Nexus that crashed the application market when users attempted to view details of any Android application. It also inadvertently reduced the NFC capabilities of the Nexus phone.{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2011/11/28/verizons-4g-lte-galaxy-nexus-still-in-testing-receives-android-4-0-2-update/ |title=Verizon's 4G LTE Galaxy Nexus Gets Pictured, Receives Android 4.0.2 Update |publisher=DroidLife |date=November 28, 2011 |access-date=December 8, 2011 |archive-date=December 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207015154/http://www.droid-life.com/2011/11/28/verizons-4g-lte-galaxy-nexus-still-in-testing-receives-android-4-0-2-update/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2011/12/15/within-2-hours-of-activation-your-galaxy-nexus-will-receive-an-update-here-are-the-details/ |title=Within 2 Hours of Activation, Your Galaxy Nexus Will Receive an Update |publisher=DroidLife |date=December 15, 2011 |access-date=December 15, 2011 |archive-date=December 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215185645/http://www.droid-life.com/2011/12/15/within-2-hours-of-activation-your-galaxy-nexus-will-receive-an-update-here-are-the-details/ |url-status=live }}}}

== Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich ==

{{anchor|Android 4.0.3|4.0.3}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 15)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

4.0.3

| December 16, 2011[http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html "Android 4.0.3 Platform and Updated SDK tools"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719073950/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |date=July 19, 2014 }}. Android Developers Blog. December 16, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2012.

|

  • Numerous bug fixes and optimizations.
  • Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality.
  • New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider.
  • Calendar provider enhancements.
  • New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and QVGA resolution.
  • Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers.{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/12/16/android-4-0-3-announced-brings-variety-of-optimizations-and-bu/ |title=Android 4.0.3 announced, bringing 'variety of optimizations and bug fixes' to phones and tablets |publisher=Engadget |date=December 16, 2011 |access-date=December 17, 2011 |archive-date=January 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102083750/http://www.engadget.com/2011/12/16/android-4-0-3-announced-brings-variety-of-optimizations-and-bu/ |url-status=live }}
4.0.4

| March 28, 2012

|

  • Stability improvements.
  • Better camera performance.
  • Smoother screen rotation.
  • Improved phone number recognition.[https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 Google announces 4.0.4 on Google+] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329020144/https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 |date=March 29, 2012 }}. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.

= Android 4.1 Jelly Bean =

{{Main|Android Jelly Bean}}

{{anchor|Jelly Bean|Project Butter|Android 4.1|Android Jelly Bean|4.1}}

Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the Google I/O conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved "Project Butter", which uses touch anticipation, triple buffering, extended vsync timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 fps to create a fluid and "buttery-smooth" UI. Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the Android Open Source Project on July 9, 2012,{{cite web |last=Queru |first=Jean-Baptiste |title=Android 4.1 in AOSP |url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o |access-date=July 12, 2012 |archive-date=January 22, 2011 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110122130054/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o |url-status=live }} and the Nexus 7 tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

4.1

| July 9, 2012

|

  • Smoother user interface:
  • Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh.
  • Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline.
  • CPU input boost.
  • Synchronizing touch to vsync timing.
  • Enhanced accessibility.
  • Bi-directional text and other language support.
  • User-installable keyboard maps.
  • Expandable notifications.
  • TLS v1.1 and v1.2 support added.
  • Ability to turn off notifications on an application-specific basis.
  • Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens.
  • Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam.
  • Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones.{{cite news |title=Confirmed: Android 4.1 uses different layouts for different tablet sizes |url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |publisher=ComputerWorld |access-date=July 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119012034/http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |url-status=dead}}
  • Improved camera application.
  • Multichannel audio.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |title=Android 4.1 for Developers |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 9, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204124/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |url-status=live }}
  • The Fraunhofer FDK AAC codec becomes standard in Android, adding AAC 5.1 channel encoding/decoding.
  • USB audio (for external sound DACs).
  • Audio chaining (also known as gapless playback).{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3461 |title=Issue 3461: Implement Gapless Playback of consecutive audio files |access-date=November 12, 2012 |archive-date=May 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525015225/http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3461 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.pocketables.com/2012/06/android-4-1-finally-adds-gapless-music-playback-to-stock-music-apps.html |title=Android 4.1 finally adds gapless music playback to stock music apps |publisher=Pocketables.com |date=June 29, 2012 |access-date=June 30, 2012 |archive-date=November 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110090332/http://www.pocketables.com/2012/06/android-4-1-finally-adds-gapless-music-playback-to-stock-music-apps.html |url-status=live }}
  • Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access.
4.1.1

| July 9, 2012{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141825/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}

|

  • Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in applications.
4.1.2

| October 9, 2012[https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 "Android 4.1.2 rolling out for Nexus 7"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521093052/http://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 |date=May 21, 2013 }}. The Verge. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.

|

  • Lock/home screen rotation support.{{cite web |url=http://gigaom.com/mobile/android-4-1-2-brings-home-screen-rotation-to-devices/ |title=Android 4.1.2 brings homescreen rotation to devices |publisher=GigaOM |date=October 9, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2012 |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011120521/http://gigaom.com/mobile/android-4-1-2-brings-home-screen-rotation-to-devices/ |url-status=dead }}
  • One-finger gestures to expand/collapse notifications.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/09/new-in-android-4-1-2-expandingcollapsing-notifications-with-one-finger-video/ |title=New Feature In Android 4.1.2: Expanding/Collapsing Notifications With One Finger (Video) |publisher=Android Police |date=October 9, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2012 |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011072628/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/09/new-in-android-4-1-2-expandingcollapsing-notifications-with-one-finger-video/ |url-status=live }}
  • Bug fixes and performance enhancements.

== Android 4.2 Jelly Bean ==

{{anchor|Android 4.2|4.2}}

Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in New York City on October 29, 2012, but the event was cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/monday-s-google-event-nyc-cancelled-due-hurricane-sandy |title=Monday's Google event in NYC canceled due to Hurricane Sandy |publisher=Android Central |date=October 27, 2012 |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926100214/http://www.androidcentral.com/monday-s-google-event-nyc-cancelled-due-hurricane-sandy |url-status=live }} Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan "A new flavor of Jelly Bean". Jelly Bean 4.2 was based on Linux kernel 3.4.0, and debuted on Google's Nexus 4 and Nexus 10, which were released on November 13, 2012.{{cite web |url=http://www.knowyourmobile.com/blog/1678521/android_42_jelly_bean_lands_on_nexus_7.html |title=Android 4.2 Jelly Bean lands on Nexus 7 |publisher=Know Your Mobile |date=November 14, 2012 |access-date=November 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117002507/http://www.knowyourmobile.com/blog/1678521/android_42_jelly_bean_lands_on_nexus_7.html |archive-date=November 17, 2012 |url-status=dead}}{{cite news |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/google-releases-nexus-4-nexus-10-and-android-42 |title=Google Releases Nexus 4, Nexus 10 and Android 4.2 |publisher=IGN |date=November 13, 2012 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141827/https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/google-releases-nexus-4-nexus-10-and-android-42 |url-status=live }}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API 17)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

4.2

| November 13, 2012[https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere "Android 4.2 adds gestue typing, wireless TV display, multiple user support on tablets, and more"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141804/https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere |date=January 14, 2024 }}. The Verge. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.

|

  • Lock screen improvements, including widget support (removed again in 2014) and the ability to swipe directly to the camera.[http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 "Android 4.2 Jelly Bean brings all-new photography powers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030113843/http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 |date=October 30, 2012 }}. TechRadar.com. October 29, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  • Notification power controls ("Quick Settings").
  • "Daydream" screensavers, showing information when idle or docked (later renamed to "screen saver" following the launch of the unrelated Google Daydream VR platform in 2016).
  • Multiple user accounts (tablets only).
  • Rewritten Bluetooth stack, switching from Bluez to Broadcom open source BlueDroid,{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming |title=The Next Version of Android – Some of What's Coming |website=anandtech.com |first=Brian |last=Klug |date=May 19, 2013 |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122815/http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming |url-status=live }} allowing improved support for multiple displays and wireless display (Miracast).
  • Native right-to-left, always-on VPN and application verification.{{cite web |title=Jelly Bean |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html |website=Android developer portal |access-date=July 2, 2014 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204124/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html |url-status=live }} A new NFC stack was added at the same time.
  • Accessibility improvements: triple-tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers. Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users.
  • New clock application with a built-in world clock, stop watch and timer.
  • All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets (with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock and centered application menu), regardless of screen size.
  • Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application directly.
  • SELinux support.
  • Premium SMS confirmation.[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ "Exclusive Android 4.2 Alpha Teardown, Part 2: SELinux, VPN Lockdown, And Premium SMS Confirmation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021032403/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ |date=October 21, 2012 }}. Android Police. October 17, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  • Group Messaging support.
  • Developer options hidden in settings and can be displayed after tapping the Build number 7 times on About phone.
4.2.1

| November 27, 2012{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141830/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 |url-status=live }}[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ "(Changelog) What's New In Android 4.2.1 (JOP40D)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130085348/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ |date=November 30, 2012 }}. Android Police. November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.

|

  • Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when adding an event to a contact.[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ "Sorry, Santa – Google Cancels December In Android 4.2"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121185515/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ |date=November 21, 2012 }}. Android Police. November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  • Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported HIDs (Human interface devices).
4.2.2

| February 11, 2013[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ "Breaking: Android 4.2.2 (Build JDQ39) Update Rolling Out To GSM Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 7, Nexus 10"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215033526/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ |date=February 15, 2013 }}. Android Police. February 11, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.

|

  • Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs.{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/02/android-4-2-2-brings-bluetooth-audio-fixes-to-nexus-phones-and-tablets/ |title=Android 4.2.2 brings Bluetooth audio fixes to Nexus phones and tablets |publisher=Ars Technica |date=February 12, 2013 |access-date=February 12, 2013 |archive-date=February 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212200213/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/02/android-4-2-2-brings-bluetooth-audio-fixes-to-nexus-phones-and-tablets/ |url-status=live }}
  • Long-pressing the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on/off state.
  • New download notifications, which now show the percentage and estimated time remaining for active application downloads.
  • New sounds for wireless charging and low battery.
  • New Gallery application animation allows faster loading.
  • USB debug whitelist.
  • Bug fixes and performance enhancements.

== Android 4.3 Jelly Bean ==

{{anchor|Android 4.3|4.3}}

Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan "An even sweeter Jelly Bean" on July 24, 2013, during an event in San Francisco called "Breakfast with Sundar Pichai". Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the second-generation Nexus 7 tablet was the first device to officially ship with it.{{cite web |url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/Android-4.3-Update-Roll-out-Release-Nexus,23671.html |title=Google Announces Android 4.3, Update Rolling Out Today |publisher=Tom's Hardware |date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=July 25, 2013 |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003112436/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Android-4.3-Update-Roll-out-Release-Nexus,23671.html |url-status=live }} A minor bug fix update was released on August 22, 2013.{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/08/22/aosp-latest-4-3-fixes/ |title=Android Open Source Project now has latest 4.3 fixes for most Nexus hardware |publisher=Engadget |date=August 22, 2013 |access-date=August 22, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141808/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-08-22-aosp-latest-4-3-fixes.html%26tbla_id%3D447fb467-8d25-454f-82ad-98780acfec34-tuctc9d729f%26gam_id%3Dy-eqLeIpRE2uJ.vUrah5ms6o3fu9Z8svld%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-eqLeIpRE2uJ.vUrah5ms6o3fu9Z8svld%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1iUmlHeE1kRTJ1R2NTSG5tYkhzRnVrU0g3emw0eTEwbX5B%26ydsp%3Dy-SJLpaihE2uLvwgj5B5tUS9dk0wj2wjfR%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API 18)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

4.3

| July 24, 2013[https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement "Android 4.3 announced, rolling out to Nexus devices today"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929173309/https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement |date=September 29, 2023 }}. The Verge. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013.

|

  • Bluetooth Low Energy support.[http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2013/07/introducing-android-43-sweeter-jelly.html "Introducing Android 4.3, a sweeter Jelly Bean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730233815/http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2013/07/introducing-android-43-sweeter-jelly.html |date=July 30, 2013 }}. Official Android Blog. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  • Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3 support.
  • OpenGL ES 3.0 support, allowing improved game graphics.
  • Restricted access mode for new user profiles.
  • Filesystem performance improvement by running the fstrim command while a device is idle.[https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/30/android-4-3-supports-trim-improves-performance-on-nexus-devices/ "Android 4.3 supports TRIM, improves performance on Nexus devices"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141809/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-07-30-android-4-3-supports-trim-improves-performance-on-nexus-devices.html%26tbla_id%3Dd275f044-f810-4e4e-b4b0-2dc43cb31d45-tuctc9d72a0%26gam_id%3Dy-xD8ykKpE2uLB04V0irxMKnP08zDBz2ql%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-xD8ykKpE2uLB04V0irxMKnP08zDBz2ql%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1tVkZ1LjBWRTJ1RUVpdnJON3h0aEQwTVFoNXdxbUVSc35B%26ydsp%3Dy-nSbl59VE2uIt3s8z8x8Yh7ewOVW.GSw_%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |date=January 14, 2024 }}. Engadget. July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  • Dial pad auto-complete in the Phone application.
  • Volume for incoming calls (ringtone) and notification alerts is no longer adjustable separately.
  • Improvements to Photo Sphere.[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ "Another Android 4.3 Change: Photo Spheres Look A Lot Better Now"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728065835/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
  • Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones.[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ "Android 4.3 And Updated Camera UI Spotted On A Nexus 4 At Thailand Mobile Expo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728012100/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. May 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  • Addition of "App Ops", a fine-grained application permissions control system (hidden by default).[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ "App Ops: Android 4.3's Hidden App Permission Manager, Control Permissions For Individual Apps!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728063247/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  • SELinux enabled by default.
  • 4K resolution support.[https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/26/android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution/ "Android 4.3 source code reveals support for 4K resolution"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141812/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-07-26-android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution.html%26tbla_id%3Dc2fda73b-cf47-40e0-9d41-1f4193094d43-tuctc9d72a0%26gam_id%3Dy-8cQTXVlE2uI7XqkakHI8b97yxunxa7_H%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-8cQTXVlE2uI7XqkakHI8b97yxunxa7_H%7EA%26dv360%3DeS0yT0hfV1ExRTJ1R19JT2Q2bVpBT2NTX2lEM3JMb2htM35B%26ydsp%3Dy-PNeWeWBE2uIf8ODb9T71tFdeHqMq1QZY%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |date=January 14, 2024 }}. Engadget. July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  • Numerous security updates, performance enhancements, and bug fixes.[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/24/a-n-in-depth-look-at-the-big-and-small-additions-to-android-jelly-bean-4-3/ "An In-Depth Look At The Big (And Small) Additions To Android Jelly Bean 4.3"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726112508/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/24/a-n-in-depth-look-at-the-big-and-small-additions-to-android-jelly-bean-4-3/ |date=July 26, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
  • System-level support for geofencing and Wi-Fi scanning APIs.
  • Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off.
  • Developer logging and analyzing enhancements.
  • Added support for five more languages.
  • Changed digital rights management (DRM) APIs.
  • Right-to-left (RTL) languages now supported.
  • Clock in the status bar disappears if it is selected as a lockscreen widget.
  • Native emoji support.{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/products/google-android-4-3-jelly-bean/ |title=Google Android 4.3 Jelly Bean Release Date, Price and Specs – CNET |author=Jaymar Cabebe |date=July 25, 2013 |publisher=CBS Interactive |work=CNET |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142319/https://www.cnet.com/reviews/google-android-4-3-jelly-bean-preview/ |url-status=live }}
4.3.1

| October 3, 2013[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ "Suddenly, A Wild Android 4.3.1 Appears – LTE Nexus 7 Receiving Android 4.3.1 OTA (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004055112/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ |date=October 4, 2013 }}. Android Police. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.

|

  • Bug fixes and small tweaks for the Nexus 7 LTE.[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/ "Factory Image And Binaries Are Now Available For The Nexus 7 LTE Android 4.3.1 Update (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009005051/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/ |date=October 9, 2013 }}. Android Police. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.

= Android 4.4 KitKat =

{{Main|Android KitKat}}

{{anchor|KitKat|Android 4.4|Android KitKat|Key Lime Pie|4.4}}

Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the name was changed because "very few people actually know the taste of a key lime pie."{{cite news |last=Kelion |first=Leo |title=Android KitKat announced |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |access-date=September 3, 2013 |work=BBC News |date=September 3, 2013 |archive-date=September 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904070600/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |url-status=live }} Some technology bloggers also expected the "Key Lime Pie" release to be Android 5.{{cite news |publisher=TechRadar |url=https://www.techradar.com/us/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-5-0-key-lime-pie-release-date-news-and-rumours-1091500 |title=Android 5.0 Key Lime Pie release date, news and rumors |date=July 2, 2013 |access-date=July 22, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142313/https://www.techradar.com/ |url-status=live }} KitKat debuted on Google's Nexus 5 on October 31, 2013, and was optimized to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as "Project Svelte" internally at Google.{{cite news |last=Molen |first=Brad |title=Engadget review the Nexus 5 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |publisher=Engadget |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-date=November 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109020218/http://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |url-status=live }} The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 4.4 KitKat (API 19)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

4.4

| October 31, 2013[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html "Android for all and the new Nexus 5 "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031201143/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html |date=October 31, 2013 }}. Google Official Blog. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.{{cite web |title=Android KitKat |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Portal |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031184317/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |url-status=live }}

|

  • Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue.
  • Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers.
  • Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars.{{cite news |title=Google's Nexus 5 with KitKat available today, starting at $349: hands-on impressions |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/31/5049068/googles-nexus-5-with-android-kit-kat-available-today-starting-349 |work=The Verge |author=Bonn, Dieter |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142414/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/31/5049068/googles-nexus-5-with-android-kit-kat-available-today-starting-349 |url-status=live }}
  • Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-apps-can-now-go-truly-full-screen-hide-the-navigation-bar/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Apps Can Now Go Truly Full-Screen, Hide The Navigation Bar |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 3, 2013 |author=David Ruddock |publisher=androidpolice.com |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103011505/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-apps-can-now-go-truly-full-screen-hide-the-navigation-bar/ |url-status=live }}
  • Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a "Menu" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.{{cite web |title=Android menu button now on by default on all device with KitKat |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-menu-button-now-on-by-default-on-all-device-with-KitKat_id50179 |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=February 9, 2014 |archive-date=December 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213081334/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-menu-button-now-on-by-default-on-all-device-with-KitKat_id50179 |url-status=live }}
  • Write access disabled for user-installed applications on external storage (i.e. MicroSD), except for their own directories inside Android/data.[https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ "Got the KitKat SD card blues? Solve the problem with SDFix (root required)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808155150/https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ |date=August 8, 2021 }} – Android Authority, March 18, 2014 (article includes details of restriction){{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/storage/ |title=External Storage | Android Developers |date=May 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509021632/https://source.android.com/devices/storage/|archive-date=May 9, 2015}}
  • Purging of app data directories in user storage (internal user storage and MicroSD) upon uninstallation
  • Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including zRAM support and "low RAM" device API.
  • Wireless printing capability.
  • NFC host card emulation, enabling a device to replace smart cards.
  • WebViews are now based on the Chromium engine (feature parity with Chrome for Android 30).
  • Expanded functionality for notification listener services.
  • Public API for developing and managing text messaging clients.{{cite web |title=Getting Your SMS Apps Ready for KitKat |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/getting-your-sms-apps-ready-for-kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Blog |access-date=October 14, 2013 |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015024734/http://android-developers.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/getting-your-sms-apps-ready-for-kitkat.html |url-status=live }}
  • Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services).
  • New framework for UI transitions.
  • Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs.
  • Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and the home (launcher) application.
  • Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer.{{cite web |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.4-brings-support-for-low-power-audio-playback_id48948 |title=Android 4.4 brings support for low-power audio playback |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=February 25, 2014 |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110130344/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.4-brings-support-for-low-power-audio-playback_id48948 |url-status=live }}
  • Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of ADB is required).{{cite web |url=http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/ |title=How to record your screen on Android 4.4 KitKat |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=January 4, 2014 |author=Jason Cipriani |publisher=CBS Interactive |work=CNET |archive-date=January 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104222416/http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/ |url-status=live }}
  • Native infrared blaster API.
  • Verified boot.
  • Enforcing SELinux.
  • Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level closed captioning settings.
  • Android Runtime (ART) introduced as a new experimental application runtime environment, not enabled by default, as a replacement for the Dalvik virtual machine.{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html |title=Android Developers: ART and Dalvik |date=March 9, 2015 |access-date=March 19, 2015 |website=source.android.com |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315163429/http://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html |url-status=live }}
  • Bluetooth Message Access Profile (MAP) support.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Android Finally Supports Bluetooth MAP, Will Make Bluetooth Integration With Your Car Suck A Lot Less |author=David Ruddock |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=November 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102201043/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |url-status=live }}
  • Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications.{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975 |title=Android Issue 61975: Undo removal of access to BATTERY_STATS permission for apps |date=November 2013 |access-date=January 29, 2014 |archive-date=December 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210214042/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975 |url-status=live }}
  • Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens.
  • Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings.{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834 |title=Android Issue 61834: 4.4 KitKat reception/Wifi indicators no longer show data rx/tx during operation |date=November 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2014 |archive-date=April 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413183216/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834 |url-status=live }}
  • Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component.{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378 |title=Android Issue 62378: KitKat WebView text wrap no longer works |website=code.google.com |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021095502/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378 |url-status=live }}
4.4.1

| December 5, 2013{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142414/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+Nexus/posts/YW8sTPpVN8W |title=Android 4.4.1 Released to Nexus 5 |date=December 5, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Google Plus |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142322/https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html |url-status=live }}

|

  • Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime (ART).
  • Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the camera view.
  • Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
4.4.2

| December 9, 2013{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/12/09/android-4-4-2-kot49h-is-already-rolling-out-to-nexus-devices-here-are-the-ota-zip-links-for-manual-updating/ |title=Android 4.4.2 (KOT49H) Is Already Rolling Out To All Nexus Devices – Here Are The OTA ZIP Links For Manual Updating |date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=December 9, 2013 |author=Artem Russakovskii |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=December 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210035532/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/12/09/android-4-4-2-kot49h-is-already-rolling-out-to-nexus-devices-here-are-the-ota-zip-links-for-manual-updating/ |url-status=live }}

|

  • Further security enhancements and bug fixes.
  • Removal of the "App Ops" application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3.{{cite web |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/12/google-removes-vital-privacy-features-android-shortly-after-adding-them |title=Google Removes Vital Privacy Feature From Android, Claiming Its Release Was Accidental |date=December 12, 2013 |access-date=December 14, 2013 |author=Peter Eckersley |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |archive-date=December 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213220101/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/12/google-removes-vital-privacy-features-android-shortly-after-adding-them |url-status=live }}
4.4.3

| June 2, 2014{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142335/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/google-releases-android-4-4-3-to-nexus-devices/ |title=Google releases Android 4.4.3 to Nexus devices |date=June 2, 2014 |access-date=June 2, 2014 |author=Ron Amadeo |publisher=Ars Technica |archive-date=June 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603165300/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/google-releases-android-4-4-3-to-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}

|

  • Refreshed the Dialer app's interface.{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/02/fresh-new-dialer-arrives-in-android-4-4-3/ |title=Fresh New Dialer Arrives in Android 4.4.3 |date=June 2, 2014 |access-date=June 2, 2014 |author=Kellex |publisher=Droid Life |archive-date=June 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606052307/http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/02/fresh-new-dialer-arrives-in-android-4-4-3/ |url-status=live }}
  • Updated the Chromium-based WebView to version 33 (screencasting to DevTools, HTML5 Canvas hardware acceleration performance improvements, vibration API, HTML5 form validation, and an HTML5 datalist).{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+AndroidDevelopers/posts/EfKRBGm19dT |title=Android 4.4.3 aka KitKat MR2 is rolling out – Google+ |date=June 3, 2014 |access-date=June 4, 2014 |author=Android Developers |publisher=Android Developers (Google+) |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142315/https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html |url-status=live }}
  • Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
4.4.4

| June 19, 2014{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/19/whoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p/ |title=Whoa: Android 4.4.4 Factory Images Posted as Build KTU84P |date=June 19, 2014 |access-date=June 19, 2014 |author=Kellex |publisher=Droid Life |archive-date=June 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621023430/http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/19/whoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p/ |url-status=live }}

|

  • CVE-2014-0224 fixed, eliminating an OpenSSL man-in-the-middle vulnerability.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/ |title=Google Rolling Out Android 4.4.4 Update (KTU84P) With A Security Fix, Factory Images/Binaries Up For Nexus Devices |date=June 19, 2014 |access-date=June 25, 2014 |author=Ryan Whitwam |publisher=androidpolice.com |archive-date=June 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625085901/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}

== Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions ==

{{Main|Wear OS}}

{{anchor|Android 4.4W|4.4W}}

On June 24, 2014, a version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions (API 20)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

4.4W{{cite web |last1=Rob |first1=Triggs |title=Google uploads part of the Android Wear source code to AOSP |date=July 22, 2014 |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/ |publisher=Android Authority |access-date=July 22, 2014 |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726221313/http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/ |url-status=dead }}

| June 25, 2014{{cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |title=Android Wear platform fully unveiled at I/O 2014 |author=Andrew Grush |publisher=Android Authority |date=September 6, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |archive-date=March 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323025103/http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |url-status=dead }}

|

  • Initial release of the Android Wear platform for smartwatches: the same as Android 4.4 "KitKat", but with wearable extensions added.
4.4W.1

| September 6, 2014{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/09/09/samsung-gear-live-updated-to-android-wear-4-4-w-1-build-kgw42n-heres-whats-new/ |title=Samsung Gear Live Updated To Android Wear 4.4W.1 Build KGW42N: Here's What's New |date=September 6, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |author=Michael Crider |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=January 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119203934/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/09/09/samsung-gear-live-updated-to-android-wear-4-4-w-1-build-kgw42n-heres-whats-new/ |url-status=live }}

|

  • UI updates for Google Maps navigation and alarms.
4.4W.2

| October 21, 2014{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/10/21/android-wear-4-4w-2-build-knx01q-starts-rolling-lg-g-watch-brings-offline-music-gps-support-though-cant-use-latter/ |title=Android Wear 4.4W.2 Build KNX01Q Starts Rolling Out For The LG G Watch, Brings Offline Music And GPS Support (Though You Can't Use The Latter) |date=October 21, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |author=Rita El Khoury |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=January 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107131422/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/10/21/android-wear-4-4w-2-build-knx01q-starts-rolling-lg-g-watch-brings-offline-music-gps-support-though-cant-use-latter/ |url-status=live }}

|

  • Offline music playback.
  • GPS support.

= Android 5.0 Lollipop =

{{Main|Android Lollipop}}

{{anchor|Lollipop|5.0|Android 5.0|Android 5|Android Lollipop}}

Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was unveiled under the codename "Android L" on June 25, 2014, during Google I/O. It became available as an official over-the-air (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including Nexus and Google Play edition devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.{{cite web |title=From Android L to Google Fit: All the new products and features from Google I/O |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html |publisher=PC World |date=June 25, 2014|access-date=June 26, 2014|archive-date=June 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626183451/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web |title=Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780 |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=October 15, 2014 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-date=October 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018090820/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780 |url-status=live }}

Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive design language referred to as "material design". Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the Android Runtime (ART) officially replacing Dalvik for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as Project Volta.{{cite web |title=Google's new 'Material Design' UI coming to Android, Chrome OS and the web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/ |website=Engadget |date=June 25, 2014 |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816150431/https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=We just played with Android's L Developer Preview |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/ |website=Engadget |date=June 26, 2014 |publisher=AOL |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626162710/http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Google Reveals Details About Android L at Google IO |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io |website=Anandtech |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628013652/http://anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=A Closer Look at Android RunTime (ART) in Android L |url=http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/ |date=July 1, 2014 |access-date=July 5, 2014 |author=Andrei Frumusanu |work=AnandTech |archive-date=July 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705022457/http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l |url-status=live }}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

5.0{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html |title=Android 5.0 APIs |publisher=Android.com |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027235642/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html |url-status=live }}

| November 4, 2014

|

  • Android Runtime (ART) with ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation and improved garbage collection (GC), replacing Dalvik that combines bytecode interpretation with trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation.{{cite web |url=http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf |title=A JIT Compiler for Android's Dalvik VM |date=May 2010 |access-date = March 19, 2015 |author1=Ben Cheng |author2=Bill Buzbee |website=android-app-developer.co.uk |pages=5–14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151106221110/http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf |archive-date = November 6, 2015|url-status = dead }}
  • Support for 64-bit CPUs.
  • OpenGL ES 3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations.
  • Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application.
  • Vector drawables, which scale without losing definition.
  • Support for print previews.
  • Material design, bringing a restyled user interface and "ripple effect" for buttons.
  • Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets.[http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html "Exploring Android L: Lockscreen widgets also bite the dust"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514110831/http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html |date=May 14, 2015 }}. Pocketables.com. June 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  • Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull-down.
  • Project Volta, for battery life improvements.
  • Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings.
  • Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings.{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |title=Android 5.0 Lollipop's new features |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=December 23, 2014 |work=India Times |archive-date=December 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203042421/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |url-status=live }}
  • Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone |title=Lollipop brings proper multi-user accounts to your phone |publisher=Android Central |access-date=January 25, 2015 |date=October 17, 2014 |archive-date=February 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204065643/http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone |url-status=live }}
  • Audio input and output through USB devices.
  • Third-party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on SD cards. However, those must be adapted to the storage access framework of Android API level 21 or higher.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |title=Android 5.0 Makes SD Cards Great Again, Extends API To Allow Full Directory Access, Automatic MediaStore, And Improves Security |publisher=Android Police |author=Cody Toombs |date=November 4, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-date=December 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206131506/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |title=Root Explorer 3.3 Update Adds SD Card Write Capability Without Root In Lollipop |author=Michael Crider |publisher=Android Police |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129151433/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |url-status=live }}
  • Pinning of an application's screen for restricted user activity.
  • Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.
  • WebViews receive updates independently through Google Play for security reasons, instead of relying on system-wide vendor updates.{{cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/lollipop-stops-chromium-bugs-from-endangering-android/ |title=Lollipop stops Chromium bugs from endangering Android |date=October 24, 2014 |work=ZDNet |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142416/https://www.zdnet.com/article/lollipop-stops-chromium-bugs-from-endangering-android/ |url-status=live }}
  • Addition of 15 new languages: Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu.{{cite web |url=http://www.android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/ |title=Android – 5.0 Lollipop |date=November 3, 2014 |access-date=November 28, 2014 |publisher=Android.com |archive-date=November 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125175546/https://android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/ |url-status=live }}
  • Tap and Go allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications.
  • A flashlight-style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash.
  • User-customizable priorities for application notifications.{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/uk/how-to/setup-interruptions-android-lollipop-do-not-disturb/ |title=Set up 'Priority' mode on Android 5.0 Lollipop |author=Jason Cipriani |publisher=CNET |date=November 3, 2014|access-date=December 23, 2014}}
  • Smart lock feature.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop |title=Smart lock screen security options in Android 5.0 Lollipop |date=November 12, 2015 |access-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-date=March 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310235133/http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop |url-status=live }}
  • SELinux in enforcing mode for all domains.
  • Updated emoji.{{cite web |title=Android 5.0 Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-50-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |access-date=February 2, 2017 |date=November 26, 2014 |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116211447/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-50-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}
  • Improved accessibility support (e.g. switch access support).{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/accessibility-features-android-50-lollipop |title=Accessibility features in Android 5.0 Lollipop |publisher=Android Central |date=October 25, 2014 |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=January 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126063234/http://www.androidcentral.com/accessibility-features-android-50-lollipop |url-status=live }}
  • Block-based over-the-air (OTA) updates for new devices.{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/block.html |title=Block-Based OTAs | Android Open Source Project |publisher=Android Source |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=March 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310191906/http://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/block.html |url-status=live }}
  • Task listing access disabled for third-party applications.
5.0.1

| December 2, 2014{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/12/02/android-5-0-1-lrx22c-hitting-aosp-now/ |title=Android 5.0.1 (LRX22C) Hitting AOSP Now (Update: Factory Images Too) |date=December 2, 2014 |access-date=December 3, 2014 |author=Liam Spradlin |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204004048/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/12/02/android-5-0-1-lrx22c-hitting-aosp-now/ |url-status=live }}

|

  • A few bug fixes, including resolving issues with video playback and password failures handling.
5.0.2

| December 19, 2014

|

  • Fixes a bug with TRIM support (introduced in Version 4.3), which prevented devices from running on-charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off at midnight, or if it was charged only when in use.{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/4f868ed |title=Commit 4f868ed to platform/frameworks/base |last=Tate |first=Christopher |date=November 21, 2014 |website=Android Git Repositories |access-date=December 27, 2017 |quote=The current heuristics depend on devices being alive at midnight+ in order to run periodic background fstrim operations...If the device goes a defined time without a background fstrim, we [now] force the fstrim at the next reboot. Once the device hits the midnight+ idle fstrim request time, then we already aggressively attempt to fstrim at the first available moment thereafter...'Available' here means charging + device idle. |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142908/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/4f868ed |url-status=live }}
  • Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources.{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/2014/12/22/android-5-0-2-changes |title=What's actually new in Android 5.0.2? |date=December 22, 2014 |access-date=January 6, 2015 |author=Stephen Schenck |publisher=PocketNow.com |archive-date=January 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106071243/http://pocketnow.com/2014/12/22/android-5-0-2-changes |url-status=dead}}

== Android 5.1 Lollipop ==

{{anchor|Android 5.1|5.1}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 5.1 Lollipop (API 22)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

5.1

| March 2, 2015

|

  • Improvements and bug fixes to the Overview screen.
  • Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick settings.
  • Official support for multiple SIM cards.{{cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/03/09/google-confirms-android-5-1-is-landing-on-all-compatible-devices-from-today/ |title=Google confirms Android 5.1 is rolling out today, will support multi-SIM devices and HD calls |work=VentureBeat |date=March 9, 2015 |access-date=April 24, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142908/https://venturebeat.com/ai/beyond-transactions-reimagining-banking-with-superior-digital-customer-journeys/infinite/injection_js/ |url-status=live }}
  • Device protection: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings.
  • High-definition voice calls, available between compatible 4G LTE devices running Android 5.1.
  • Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the silent mode that was removed from Android 5.0.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpit.com/android-5-1-lollipop-silent-mode |title=Android 5.1 reinstates Silent Mode, but there's a catch |work=AndroidPIT |access-date=March 27, 2015 |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181504/http://www.androidpit.com/android-5-1-lollipop-silent-mode |url-status=live }}
5.1.1

| April 20, 2015{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142928/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Android 5.1.1 (LMY47V) officially uploaded to AOSP and here's the full changelog, Nexus Player factory images also available |date=April 21, 2015 |url=http://phandroid.com/2015/04/21/android-5-1-1-lmy47v-aosp-changelog-nexus-player-factory-images/ |access-date=May 1, 2015 |archive-date=April 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428075015/http://phandroid.com/2015/04/21/android-5-1-1-lmy47v-aosp-changelog-nexus-player-factory-images/ |url-status=live }}

|

  • Various bug fixes
  • Native Wi-Fi calling support.{{cite web |first=Jack |last=Jennings |url=http://www.xda-developers.com/google-open-source-code-for-wi-fi-calling/ |title=Google Open Source Code for Wi-Fi Calling |publisher=XDA |date=June 26, 2015 |access-date=November 2, 2015 |archive-date=November 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116115614/http://www.xda-developers.com/google-open-source-code-for-wi-fi-calling/ |url-status=live }}

= Android 6.0 Marshmallow =

{{Main|Android Marshmallow}}

{{anchor|Marshmallow|Android 6|6|Android 6.0|6.0|Android Marshmallow}}

Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" was unveiled under the codename "Android M" during Google I/O on May 28, 2015, for the Nexus 5 and Nexus 6 phones, Nexus 9 tablet, and Nexus Player set-top box, under the build number MPZ44Q.{{cite web |title=Google's Android M preview build will run on the Nexus 5, 6, 9, and Player [Updated] |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/googles-android-m-preview-build-will-run-on-the-nexus-5-6-9-and-player/ |website=Ars Technica |date=May 28, 2015 |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=May 28, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529043650/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/googles-android-m-preview-build-will-run-on-the-nexus-5-6-9-and-player/ |url-status=live }} The third developer preview (MPA44G) was released on August 17, 2015, for the Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus Player devices,{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/preview/download.html |title=Downloads Android Developers |date=August 17, 2015 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=August 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817224047/http://developer.android.com/preview/download.html |url-status=live }} and was updated to MPA44I that brought fixes related to Android for Work profiles.{{cite web|title = Support and Release Notes {{!}} Android Developers|url = https://developer.android.com/preview/support.html|website = developer.android.com|access-date = August 22, 2015|archive-date = August 11, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150811015125/http://developer.android.com/preview/support.html|url-status = live}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

6.0

| September 29, 2015{{cite web |title=Get ready for the sweet taste of Android 6.0 Marshmallow |url=http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2015/10/get-ready-for-sweet-taste-of-android-60.html |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 6, 2015 |archive-date=October 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006000054/http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2015/10/get-ready-for-sweet-taste-of-android-60.html |url-status=live }}

|

  • Precluded rudimentary file manager (package name: com.android.documentsui), accessible from storage settings.{{cite web |last1=Mediati |first1=Nick |title=How to get to Android Marshmallow's hidden file manager |url=https://www.greenbot.com/article/2996030/how-to-get-to-android-marshmallows-hidden-file-manager.html |website=Greenbot |language=en |date=October 22, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142829/https://www.greenbot.com/article/2996030/how-to-get-to-android-marshmallows-hidden-file-manager.html |url-status=live }}
  • Memory card mounted to /storage/????-????/ rather than /storage/extSdCard/, with a hexadecimal volume serial number in place of the wildcard question marks.{{Cite web |url=https://customer.precisely.com/s/article/How-to-configure-settings-for-maps-on-Android-6-SD-cards-in-ConfirmConnect?language=en_US |title=Customer Community |access-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416212913/https://customer.precisely.com/s/article/How-to-configure-settings-for-maps-on-Android-6-SD-cards-in-ConfirmConnect?language=en_US |url-status=dead}}
  • Contextual search from keywords within apps.{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io |title=Now on Tap is the coolest Android feature in a long time |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |date=May 28, 2015 |website=The Verge |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142906/https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io |url-status=live }}
  • Introduction of Doze mode, which reduces CPU speed while the screen is off in order to save battery life.{{cite web |title=Android Doze |url=http://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304134852/https://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html |url-status=live }}
  • App Standby feature.
  • Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer.{{cite web |title=Android vertical app drawer |url=https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=October 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015192909/https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0/ |url-status=live }}
  • Application search bar and favorites.
  • Native fingerprint reader support.
  • Direct Share feature for target-specific sharing between apps.{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#direct-share |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#direct-share |url-status=live }}
  • Renamed "Priority" mode to "Do Not Disturb" mode.
  • App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications.{{cite web |title=Handling App Links |url=http://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html |website=developer.android.com |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=November 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124045813/http://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=App Linking in Android 6.0 |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking |website=developer.android.com |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking |url-status=live }}
  • Larger Application folders with multiple pages.
  • Post-install/run-time permission requests.
  • USB-C support.
  • Demo Mode feature for screenshot-capture usage.{{cite web |title=Use Android 6.0's Hidden System UI Tuner to Customize Your Quick Settings and Status Bar |date=February 3, 2022 |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=February 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224155656/https://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/ |url-status=live }}
  • Automatic full data backup and restore for apps.{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#backup |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#backup |url-status=live }}
  • 4K display mode for apps.{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#4K-display |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#4K-display |url-status=live }}
  • Adoptable External storage to behave like Internal Storage.{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage |title=Everything you need to know about your SD card and Adoptable storage |date=April 7, 2017 |access-date=June 2, 2018 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142932/https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage |url-status=live }}
  • MIDI support for musical instruments.{{cite web |title=MIDI – Android Open Source Project |url=https://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926143719/http://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html |url-status=live }}
  • Experimental multi-window feature.{{cite web |title=How to Unlock the Hidden Multi-Window Mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow |date=October 16, 2015 |url=http://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019233847/http://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Enable Multi-Window mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow with a bit of tinkering |date=October 6, 2015 |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023093409/http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230 |url-status=live }}
  • Support for actions by third-party apps in the text selection menu.
  • App permissions now granted individually at run-time, not all-or-nothing at install time. Similar to App Ops.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html |title=Request App Permissions  -  Android Developers |website=Android Developers |access-date=April 28, 2016 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505063403/http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html |url-status=live }}
  • Miracast support dropped.{{Cite news |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android/android-nostalgia-old-features.html |title=Android nostalgia: 13 once-trumpeted features that quietly faded away |last=Raphael |first=JR |date=December 5, 2017 |work=Computerworld |access-date=December 6, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142934/https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android-features-faded.html |url-status=live }}
  • Many new essential commands supported by Android's Linux shell (/bin/sh).
  • No screen rotation during touch.
6.0.1

| December 7, 2015{{cite web |title=Google releases Android 6.0.1 Factory Images for Nexus 6P/6, Nexus 5X/5, Nexus Player, Nexus 9 And Nexus 7 [2013] |url=http://www.gadgetzarena.com/news/google-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013 |website=GadgetzArena |date=December 7, 2015 |access-date=March 10, 2016 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121153839/http://www.gadgetzarena.com/news/google-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013/ |url-status=live }}

|

  • Unicode 7.0 & 8.0 emoji support.{{cite web |title=Android 6.0.1 Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-6-0-1-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |date=December 7, 2015 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217072617/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-6-0-1-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}
  • Descriptions for USB connection options.
  • Double-press the power button to open the camera.

= Android 7.0 Nougat =

{{Main|Android Nougat}}

{{anchor|Nougat|Android 7|7|Android 7.0|Android Nougat}}

Android "Nougat" (codenamed N in-development) is the seventh major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 9, 2016, with factory images for supported Nexus devices, as well as with the new "Android Beta Program" which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via an over-the-air update. The final release was on August 22, 2016. The final preview build was released on July 18, 2016,{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/ |title=Android 7.0 Nougat Developer Preview 5 – the final preview – is available for download |date=July 18, 2016 |website=Android Police |access-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719133438/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/ |url-status=live }} with the build number NPD90G.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 7.0 Nougat (API 24)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

7.0

| August 22, 2016{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/08/taking-final-wrapper-off-of-nougat.html |title=Taking the final wrapper off of Android 7.0 Nougat |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142838/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/08/taking-final-wrapper-off-of-nougat.html |url-status=live }}

|

  • Support for file-based encryption.{{cite web |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html |title=Pixel Security: Better, Faster, Stronger |last1=Crowley |first1=Paul |last2=Lawrence |first2=Paul |website=Google Security Blog |date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=March 4, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042809/https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html |url-status=live }}
  • Unicode 9.0 emoji and skin tone modifier support (and exposes a subset of ICU4J APIs).{{cite web |title=Android 7.0 Nougat Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-7-0-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |date=August 22, 2016 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222042239/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-7-0-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}
  • Ability to display color calibration.
  • Ability to zoom in the screen.
  • Ability to switch to the last opened app by double-tapping the overview button.
  • Added an Emergency information part.
  • Added the "Clear All" button to the Overview screen.
  • Another system partition, which gets updated when not in use, allowing for seamless system updates.
  • Daydream virtual reality platform (VR interface).
  • Improved Doze functionality, which aims to prolong battery life.
  • Improvements to the file browser.
  • Ability to move files added to Storage Access Framework{{cite web |title=DocumentsContract |url=https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=February 2, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143342/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri |url-status=live }}
  • More Quick Settings options.
  • Multi-window support, which supports floating apps on a desktop layout.
  • New Data Saver mode, which can force apps to reduce bandwidth usage.
  • New JIT Compiler, making for 75 percent faster app installations and a 50 percent reduction in compiled code size.
  • Just in Time (JIT) compiler with code profiling to ART, which lets it constantly improve the performance of Android apps as they run.{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html |title=Android 7.0 for Developers  -  Android Developers |website=Android Developers |access-date=August 25, 2016 |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911205602/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html |url-status=live }}
  • Picture-in-picture support for Android TV.
  • Redesigned notification shade, featuring instant access to certain settings.
  • Redesigned Overview screen.
  • Replaced notification cards with notification sheets.
  • Settings app navigation drawer.
  • Vulkan 3D rendering API.
  • Multiple Device Locales{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/12/android-n-feature-spotlight-multiple-device-locales-are-now-supported-allowing-search-results-in-multiple-languages-and-other-goodies/ |title=Android N Feature Spotlight: Multiple Device Locales Are Now Supported, Allowing Search Results In Multiple Languages And Other Goodies |date=March 12, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2017 |archive-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214005239/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/12/android-n-feature-spotlight-multiple-device-locales-are-now-supported-allowing-search-results-in-multiple-languages-and-other-goodies/ |url-status=live }}
  • Discontinuation of Android Camera V1 API{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/camera/versioning |title=Camera Version Support |website=Android Open Source Project |access-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704161717/https://source.android.com/devices/camera/versioning |url-status=live }}
  • Restricted file system access{{cite web |url=https://proclockers.com/review/list-of-all-android-operating-system-names-2020-update/ |title=List of All Android Operating System Names (2020 Update) |date=November 18, 2020 |publisher=ProClockers |access-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143419/https://gaminggorilla.com/list-of-all-android-operating-system-names-2020-update/ |url-status=live }}

== Android 7.1 Nougat ==

{{anchor|Android 7.1|7.1}}

On October 19, 2016, Google released Android 7.1.1 as a developer preview for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P and the Pixel C. A second preview became available on November 22, 2016, before the final version was released to the public on December 5, 2016.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 7.1 Nougat (API 25)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

7.1

| October 4, 2016{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/10/04/android-7-1-nougats-changelog-includes-pixel-exclusive-non-pixel-exclusive-changes/ |title=Android 7.1 Nougat's changelog is here, includes both Pixel-exclusive and non-Pixel exclusive changes |date=October 4, 2016 |website=Android Police |access-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005125659/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/10/04/android-7-1-nougats-changelog-includes-pixel-exclusive-non-pixel-exclusive-changes/ |url-status=live }}

|

  • Rearranged notification shade.
  • "Restart" option added to power button menu{{cite web |last1=Sinha |first1=Rupesh |title=Android 7.1 Changes: What The New Update Brings |url=https://beebom.com/android-7-1-changes-what-new/ |website=Beebom |access-date=June 12, 2021 |date=October 20, 2016 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143424/https://beebom.com/android-7-1-changes-what-new/ |url-status=live }}
  • Touch/display performance improvements.
  • Moves (Fingerprint swipe down gesture{{snd}}opt-in).
  • Opt-in with new hardware required:
  • Seamless A/B system updates.
  • Daydream VR mode.
  • Developer features:
  • Shortcut manager APIs.
  • Circular app icons support.
  • Keyboard image insertion.
  • Fingerprint sensor gesture to open/close notification shade.
  • Manual storage manager Intent for apps.
  • Improved VR thread scheduling.
  • Enhanced wallpaper metadata.
  • Multi-endpoint call support.
  • Support for various MNO requirements.
  • PCDMA voice privacy property.
  • Source type support for Visual Voicemail.
  • Carrier config options for managing telephone videos.
  • Manual storage manager{{snd}} identifies files and apps using storage.
7.1.1{{Cite web |url=https://blog.google/products/android/sweet-update-nougat-android-711/ |title=A sweet update to Nougat: Android 7.1.1 |date=December 5, 2016 |website=Google Blog |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213001345/https://blog.google/products/android/sweet-update-nougat-android-711/ |url-status=live }}

| December 1, 2016{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143448/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}

|

  • New set of emojis adding different skin tones and haircuts to existing ones.
  • Send GIFs directly from the default keyboard.
  • App shortcuts: Launch actions on apps by long-pressing the app icon.
  • Developer Options: Show CPU Usage feature removed.
7.1.2{{Cite web |url=https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/phone-by-google/h9qq56zHiuU |title=Google Groups |website=productforums.google.com |access-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203081016/https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/phone-by-google/h9qq56zHiuU |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-c-android-7-1-2-update-761195/ |title=Some Pixel C and Nexus Player owners are getting the official Android 7.1.2 update |date=April 2, 2017 |website=Android Authority |access-date=April 2, 2017 |archive-date=April 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403005448/http://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-c-android-7-1-2-update-761195/ |url-status=live }}

| April 2, 2017{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143348/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 |url-status=live }}

|

  • Battery usage alerts.

= Android 8.0 Oreo =

{{Main|Android Oreo}}

{{anchor|Oreo|Android 8|8|Android 8.0|Android Oreo|8.0|Project Treble}}

Android Oreo is the eighth major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview, codenamed Android O, on March 21, 2017, with factory images for supported Nexus and Pixel devices. The final developer preview was released on July 24, 2017, with the stable version released in August 2017.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 8.0 Oreo (API 26)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

8.0{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/21/oreo-google-announces-release-of-the-next-version-of-android-8 |title=Oreo: Google announces release of the next version of Android 8 |date=August 21, 2017 |work=The Guardian |first1=Samuel |last1=Gibbs |first2=Olivia |last2=Solon |access-date=March 11, 2019 |archive-date=September 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903103557/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/21/oreo-google-announces-release-of-the-next-version-of-android-8 |url-status=live }}

| August 21, 2017

|

  • Project Treble, the biggest change to the foundations of Android to date: a modular architecture that makes it easier and faster for hardware makers to deliver Android updates.
  • Picture-in-picture support.
  • Support for Unicode 10.0 emoji (5.0) and replacement of all blob-shaped emojis by round ones with gradients and outlines.
  • Redesigned Quick Settings and Settings with a white background and respectively black and Accent font colors.
  • Restructured Settings by regrouping sections into similar entries.
  • Adaptive icons
  • Notification improvements.
  • Notification channels.
  • Notification dots (badges).
  • Notification snoozing.
  • Notification shade multi-colors (for music album art, messengers, etc.).
  • System-wide Autofill framework.
  • Support for AAC, Sony's LDAC and Qualcomm's aptX and aptX HD codecs.{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-oreo-vs-android-nougat-audio-794775/ |title=How Oreo is better than Nougat: Audio |date=August 23, 2017 |website=Android Authority |language=en-US |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143424/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-oreo-vs-android-nougat-audio-794775/ |url-status=live }}
  • App-specific unknown sources.
  • Multi-display support.
  • 2 times faster boot time compared to Nougat according to Google, testing on their Pixel devices.
  • Apps background execution and location limits.
  • Google Play Protect.
  • Downloadable fonts.
  • Integrated printing support.
  • Color management (deep color and wide color gamut).
  • Wi-Fi Assistant.

== Android 8.1 Oreo ==

{{anchor|8.1|Android 8.1}}

Android 8.1 Oreo is the sixteenth minor release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on October 25, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. A second developer preview was made available on November 27, 2017, for Nexus and Pixel devices, before the stable version was released on December 5, 2017.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 8.1 Oreo (API 27)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

8.1{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/10/android-81-developer-preview.html |title=Google Blog |website=android-developers.googleblog.com |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025183103/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/10/android-81-developer-preview.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.goandroid.co.in/android-8-1-developer-preview-arrives-pixel-nexus-devices/73184/ |title=Android 8.1 developer preview arrives for Pixel and Nexus devices |date=October 25, 2017 |website=GoAndroid |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143449/https://www.thegoandroid.com/android-8-1-developer-preview-arrives-pixel-nexus-devices/73184/ |url-status=live }}

| December 5, 2017{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/android-8-1-oreo-goes-final-rolling-out-now-to-pixel-and-nexus-devices/ |title=Android 8.1 Oreo goes final, rolling out now to Pixel and Nexus devices |date=December 5, 2017 |website=Ars Technica |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102090441/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/android-8-1-oreo-goes-final-rolling-out-now-to-pixel-and-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/welcoming-android-81-oreo-and-android.html |title=Welcoming Android 8.1 Oreo and Android Oreo (Go edition) |author=Dave Burke |date=December 5, 2017 |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143856/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/welcoming-android-81-oreo-and-android.html |url-status=live }}

|

  • Neural networks API.
  • Shared memory API.
  • WallpaperColors API.
  • Bluetooth battery level for connected devices, accessible in Quick Settings.
  • Android Oreo (Go edition), a lightweight distribution of Android that runs better than normal Android on devices with less than 1 GB of RAM.{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/1/17052912/what-is-android-go |title=Android Go is here to fix super cheap phones |publisher=The Verge |date=March 1, 2018 |access-date=January 11, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144008/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/1/17052912/what-is-android-go |url-status=live }}
  • Autofill framework updates.
  • Programmatic Safe Browsing actions.
  • Navigation buttons dim when not in use.
  • Visual changes to 'Power Off' and 'Restart', including a new screen and floating toolbar.
  • Toast messages are now white with the same existing transparency.
  • Automatic light and dark themes.
  • New Easter egg in the form of an official Oreo cookie picture.{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2017/10/25/android-8-1-feature-spotlight-new-oreo-easter-egg-appears-double-stuf-form-octopus-remains/ |title=Android 8.1 feature spotlight: A new Oreo Easter egg |date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Android Police |access-date=November 28, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143858/https://www.androidpolice.com/2017/10/25/android-8-1-feature-spotlight-new-oreo-easter-egg-appears-double-stuf-form-octopus-remains/ |url-status=live }}

= Android 9 Pie =

{{Main|Android Pie}}

{{anchor|Pie|Android 9|9|Android 9.0|9.0|Android Pie}}

Android Pie is the ninth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018, and the first developer preview was released on the same day. The second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8, 2018. The final beta of Android Pie (fifth preview, also considered as a "Release Candidate") was released on July 25, 2018. The first official release was released on August 6, 2018.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 9 Pie (API 28)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

9

|August 6, 2018

|

  • New user interface for the quick settings menu.{{cite web |last1=Rahman |first1=Mishaal |title=Here's Everything New in Android P Developer Preview 1 for the Google Pixel/XL and Pixel 2/XL |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/ |website=XDA Developers |access-date=March 8, 2018 |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422014635/https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/ |url-status=live }}
  • The clock has moved to the left of the notification bar.{{cite news |last1=Welch |first1=Chris |title=The biggest early visual changes in Android P |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |access-date=March 8, 2018 |work=The Verge |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622084001/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |url-status=live }}
  • The "dock" now has a semi-transparent background.
  • Battery Saver no longer shows an orange overlay on the notification and status bars.
  • A "screenshot" button has been added to the power options.
  • A new "Lockdown" mode which disables biometric authentication once activated.
  • Rounded corners across the UI.
  • New transitions for switching between apps, or activities within apps.
  • Richer messaging notifications, where a full conversation can be seen within a notification, full-scale images, and smart replies akin to Google's new app, Reply.
  • Support for display cutouts.
  • Redesigned volume slider.
  • Battery percentage now shown in Always-On Display.
  • Lock screen security changes include the possible return of an improved NFC Unlock.
  • Experimental features (which are currently hidden within a menu called Feature Flags) such as a redesigned About Phone page in settings, and automatic Bluetooth enabling while driving.
  • DNS over TLS.{{cite web |title=DNS over TLS support in Android P Developer Preview |date=April 17, 2018 |work=Google Security Blog |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/dns-over-tls-support-in-android-p.html |access-date=May 9, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422194047/https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/dns-over-tls-support-in-android-p.html |url-status=live }}
  • A new optional gesture-based system interface, allowing users to navigate the OS using swipes more often than the traditional UI.
  • Redesigned multitask app switcher with the Google search bar and app drawer built-in.
  • Android Dashboard, which tells the user how much time they are spending on their device and in apps, and allows the user to set time limits on apps.
  • "Shush", an enhanced version of Do Not Disturb mode activated by placing the phone face down, which mutes standard notifications.
  • "Adaptive Battery" prediction, which makes use of Doze to hibernate user apps the OS determines the user will not use.
  • Auto-Brightness feature modifies screen brightness based on user habits.
  • Wind Down option lets Android users set a specific bedtime that enables Do Not Disturb and turns the entire phone's interface gray to discourage further use at night.
  • Vulkan 1.1 support.
  • Call recording options fully disabled{{Cite web |url=https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm |title=Android 9/10 call recording issues | ACR – Another Call Recorder by NLL APPS |website=nllapps.com |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144014/https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm |url-status=live }}

= Android 10 =

{{Main|Android 10}}

{{anchor|10|Android 10}}

Android 10 is the tenth major version of the Android operating system. The stable version of Android 10 was released on September 3, 2019.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 10 (API 29)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

10

| September 3, 2019

|

  • Revamped full-screen gesture navigation with new app open/close animations.{{Cite web |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-q-navigation-gestures-mandatory/ |title=[Update: OEM Gestures Allowed] Google's new navigation gestures in Android Q will be mandatory for all devices |date=May 9, 2019 |website=xda-developers |access-date=August 15, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144403/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-q-navigation-gestures-mandatory/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Android 10 launcher port brings new gesture animations to Android 9 |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-10-launcher-port-gesture-animations-android-9/ |website=xda-developers |date=September 10, 2019 |access-date=March 20, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144404/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-10-launcher-port-gesture-animations-android-9/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=September 23, 2020 |title=Android 11—The Ars Technica Review |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/09/android-11-the-ars-technica-review/ |access-date=April 17, 2021 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144414/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/09/android-11-the-ars-technica-review/ |url-status=live }}
  • Scoped storage restrictions{{cite web |title=Privacy changes in Android 10 |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144407/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes |url-status=live }}
  • New permissions required to access location in background and to access photo, video and audio files.{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Introducing Android Q Beta |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/03/introducing-android-q-beta.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=March 13, 2019 |date=March 13, 2019 |archive-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507090246/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/03/introducing-android-q-beta.html |url-status=live }}
  • Background apps can no longer jump into the foreground.
  • Limited access to non-resettable device identifiers.
  • Background (idle) access to camera, microphone and sensors disabled for more privacy protection with the side effect of disabling antitheft software.{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background |title=Android P won't let apps secretly use your mic or camera in the background |first=Chris |last=Welch |date=March 7, 2018 |website=The Verge |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144414/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ |title=Android P will prevent apps from using your camera or microphone without telling you (Updated) |date=February 21, 2018 |website=Android Authority |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144520/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-P-prevents-background-camera-use_id102610 |title=Android P will prevent background apps from using the camera |first=Mihail |last=Nikolov |website=Phone Arena |date=February 20, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144410/https://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-P-prevents-background-camera-use_id102610 |url-status=live }}
  • Sharing shortcuts, which allow sharing content with a contact directly.
  • Floating settings panel, that allows changing system settings directly from apps.
  • Dynamic depth format for photos, which allow changing background blur after taking a photo.
  • Support for the AV1 video codec, the HDR10+ video format and the Opus audio codec.
  • Support for aptX Adaptive, LHDC, LLAC, CELT and AAC LATM codecs{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/audio/implement |title=Audio Implementation |website=Android Open Source Project |language=en |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144519/https://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/implement |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://porta-fi.com/android-10-devices-are-going-to-sound-better-with-lhdc/ |title=Android 10 devices are going to sound better with LHDC™ |last=Yeow |first=Goh Beng |date=October 22, 2019 |website=Porta-Fi™ |language=en-GB |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144928/https://porta-fi.com/android-10-devices-are-going-to-sound-better-with-lhdc/ |url-status=live }}
  • A native MIDI API, allowing interaction with music controllers.
  • Better support for biometric authentication in apps.
  • Support for the WPA3 Wi-Fi security protocol.
  • Support for foldable phones.
  • Support for Notification Bubbles.{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Android Q Beta 2 update |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/04/android-q-beta-2-update.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=April 25, 2019 |date=April 3, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144944/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/04/android-q-beta-2-update.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Bubbles |website=Android Developers |url=https://developer.android.com/preview/features/bubbles|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410052657/https://developer.android.com/preview/features/bubbles|url-status=dead}}
  • New system-wide dark theme/mode{{Cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/look-and-feel/darktheme |title=Dark theme |website=Android Developers |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144954/https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/views/theming/darktheme |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2019/10/10/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/ |title=Google Dark Mode app roundup: Everything available so far |first=Ben |last=Schoon |work=9to5Google |date=October 10, 2019 |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144952/https://9to5google.com/2020/05/19/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/ |url-status=live }}
  • TLS v1.3 support added.
  • Project Mainline, allows core OS components to be updated via the Google Play Store, without requiring a complete system update{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/05/fresher-os-with-projects-treble-and-mainline.html |title=Fresher OS with Projects Treble and Mainline |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=January 6, 2020 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220093711/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/05/fresher-os-with-projects-treble-and-mainline.html |url-status=live }}

= Android 11 =

{{Main|Android 11}}

{{anchor|11|Android 11}}

Android 11 is the eleventh major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 19, 2020, and the first developer preview released on the same day.{{Cite web |title=Turning it up to 11: the first Developer Preview of Android 11 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/Android-11-developer-preview.html |last=Burke |first=Dave |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144915/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/Android-11-developer-preview.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Android 11 Developer Preview: All the changes we found from Android 10 so far! |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-developer-preview-changes/ |date=February 19, 2020 |last=Fedewa |first=Joe |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145014/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-developer-preview-changes/ |url-status=live }}
The launch of Android 11 Beta was postponed from June 3, 2020, to June 10, 2020.{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/30/21275399/google-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd |title=Google delays the Android 11 Beta announcement as protests roil US cities |website=www.theverge.com |access-date=June 8, 2020 |date=May 30, 2020 |archive-date=May 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530071708/https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/30/21275399/google-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd |url-status=live }}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 11 (API 30)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

11

| September 8, 2020

|

  • Chat bubbles.
  • Screen recorder.
  • Notification history.
  • New permissions controls.
  • API distinction between standalone 5G NR and non-standalone 5G.
  • One-time permissions.{{cite web |last1=Cuthbertso |first1=Stephanie |title=Unwrapping the Android 11 Beta, plus more developer updates |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/06/unwrapping-android-11-beta-plus-more.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=August 20, 2020 |date=June 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144916/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/06/unwrapping-android-11-beta-plus-more.html |url-status=live }}
  • Permissions auto-reset.
  • Wireless Android Auto on devices with 5GHz Wi-Fi.{{Cite web |title=Android 11 |url=https://www.android.com/android-11/ |access-date=September 25, 2020 |website=Android |language=en-US |archive-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912094615/https://www.android.com/android-11/ |url-status=live }}
  • Increased number of updatable core OS components in Google Play from 12 to 21.{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/accelerating-android-updates.html |title=Accelerating Android Updates |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144946/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/accelerating-android-updates.html |url-status=live }}
  • Enterprise work profile privacy protections now apply on company-owned devices.{{Cite web |last1=Marsanyi |first1=Ian |title=Championing employee privacy, productivity with Android 11 |url=https://blog.google/products/android-enterprise/android-11/ |website=Android Enterprise Blog |access-date=September 25, 2020 |date=September 8, 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145503/https://blog.google/products/android-enterprise/android-11/ |url-status=live }}
  • Independent left and right edge sensitivity for gesture navigation.{{cite web |last1=Schoon |first1=Ben |title=Android 11 prepares new settings for Gesture Navigation |url=https://9to5google.com/2020/02/19/android-11-gesture-settings-menu/ |website=9to5Google |date=February 19, 2020 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145534/https://9to5google.com/2020/02/19/android-11-gesture-settings-menu/ |url-status=live }}
  • Since this version, apps no longer have access to other app's directories (including "Android/Data").{{cite news |title=Android 11 : Scoped Storage |url=https://medium.com/dhiwise/android-11-scoped-storage-9e419ea5c934 |work=DhiWise |date=21 July 2021 |language=en |access-date=January 13, 2024 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145504/https://medium.com/dhiwise/android-11-scoped-storage-9e419ea5c934 |url-status=live }}

= Android 12 =

{{Main|Android 12}}

{{anchor|12|Android 12}}

Android 12 is the twelfth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 18, 2021, and the first developer preview was released on the same day.{{Cite web |title=Android S: the first Developer Preview of Android 12 |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219023916/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Android 12 Developer Preview: First Developer preview |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-developer-preview-hands-on/ |date=February 18, 2021 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |access-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145505/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-developer-preview-hands-on/ |url-status=live }}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 12 (API 31)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

12

| October 4, 2021

|

  • Easier Wi-Fi sharing.
  • AVIF image support.
  • Material You, an updated design language based on Material Design.
  • Scrolling Screenshot.{{cite web |title=Android 12 To Finally Bring Scrolling Screenshots |url=https://techiai.com/android-12-to-finally-bring-scrolling-screenshots-how-it-would-work/ |website=TechiAI |date=August 15, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710104625/https://techiai.com/android-12-to-finally-bring-scrolling-screenshots-how-it-would-work/ |url-status=live }}
  • One Handed Mode.{{cite web |title=Guide to enable One-Handed Mode on Android 12 |url=https://www.gizmochina.com/2021/03/28/guide-to-enable-one-handed-mode-on-android-12/ |website=Gizmochina |date=March 28, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704194900/https://www.gizmochina.com/2021/03/28/guide-to-enable-one-handed-mode-on-android-12/ |url-status=live }}
  • Android Runtime (ART) module added to the updatable core OS components via Google Play, added functionality to existing modules.{{cite web |title=Android 12 Features |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |website=androidauthority |access-date=February 18, 2021 |date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160940/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/02/android-12-dp1.html |title=First preview of Android 12 |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218180352/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/02/android-12-dp1.html |url-status=live }}
  • Area Magnification can zoom in any content on device.{{cite web |title=Magnification feature now offers a useful floating window |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/02/19/android-12-magnification-tweak/ |website=9to5Google |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713032843/https://9to5google.com/2021/02/19/android-12-magnification-tweak/amp/ |url-status=live }}
  • "Extra Dim" is a faint level of brightness not accessible by the brightness scale.{{cite web |title=Android 12 gets 'Extra Dim' |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/04/22/android-12-dp3-gets-extra-dim-and-no-thats-not-an-insult/amp/ |website=Android Police |date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718044005/https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/04/22/android-12-dp3-gets-extra-dim-and-no-thats-not-an-insult/amp/ |url-status=live }}
  • Bold Text.
  • Greyscale.
  • A green dot at the top right of the screen shows when the camera or microphone is in use.{{cite web |last1=Raphael |first1=J. R. |title=How to take advantage of Android 12's new privacy options |url=https://www.theverge.com/22634128/privacy-android-12-dashboard-apps-sensors |website=The Verge |access-date=1 April 2024 |language=en |date=20 August 2021 |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401123146/https://www.theverge.com/22634128/privacy-android-12-dashboard-apps-sensors |url-status=live }}
  • Option to choose precise or approximate location.{{cite web |title=Android 12 features: Everything you need to know about Google's latest OS |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |website=Android Authority |date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160940/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |url-status=live }}
  • Privacy Dashboard.{{cite web |title=How to access and use the Android 12 Privacy Dashboard |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/how-access-and-use-android-12-privacy-dashboard?amp |website=Android Central |date=September 21, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107025705/https://www.androidcentral.com/how-access-and-use-android-12-privacy-dashboard?amp |url-status=live }}
  • Gestures can work in immersive mode.{{cite web |title=Android 12 fixes one of the most frustrating things about gesture navigation |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/02/18/android-12s-gestures-navigation-works-better-in-full-screen-and-immersive-views/ |website=Android Police |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706101016/https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/02/18/android-12s-gestures-navigation-works-better-in-full-screen-and-immersive-views/ |url-status=live }}
  • Performance improvements to system services to improve transitions, power efficiency, and reduce app startup times.{{cite web |title=What's new in Android 12 Beta |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/05/whats-new-in-android-12-beta.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=July 22, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622112036/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/05/whats-new-in-android-12-beta.html |url-status=live }}
  • Third party app stores now have the ability to update apps without constantly asking the user for permission.{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=Android 12 will finally let alternative app stores update apps on their own |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-alternative-app-stores-update-apps-background/ |access-date=September 21, 2021 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622223308/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-alternative-app-stores-update-apps-background/ |url-status=live }}

== Android 12L ==

{{Main|Android 12L}}

{{anchor|12L|Android 12L}}

Android 12L{{efn|Released as "Android 12.1" for smartphones}} is an interim release for Android 12 that includes design tweaks for larger displays and minor stability changes to the operating system. It was announced in October 2021 alongside Beta releases with a stable version launching on March 7, 2022.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 12L (API 32)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

12L

| March 7, 2022

|

  • Improvements specific for foldable phones, tablets, desktop-sized screens and Chromebooks, and modifications to the user interface to tailor it to larger screens.{{Cite web |title=12L and new Android APIs and tools for large screens |last=Burke |first=Dave |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/10/12L-preview-large-screens.html |date=October 27, 2021 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-date=July 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722074255/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/10/12L-preview-large-screens.html |url-status=live }}

= Android 13 =

{{Main|Android 13}}

{{anchor|13|Android 13}}

Android 13 is the thirteenth major version of the Android operating system.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 13 (API 33)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

13

| August 15, 2022

|

  • Apps are now required to request permission from the user before they are able to send notifications.{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Abner |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Here's everything new in Android 13 Developer Preview 2 [Gallery] |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/03/17/android-13-dp2-new-features/ |access-date=March 18, 2022 |website=9to5Google |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317185828/https://9to5google.com/2022/03/17/android-13-dp2-new-features/ |url-status=live }}
  • The number of active apps is now shown at the bottom of the notifications panel, a tap on it opens a detailed panel which lets the user stop each of them.{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Android 13 review: Plans for the future, but not much to offer today |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/android-13-review-plans-for-the-future-but-not-much-to-offer-today/ |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=August 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830231050/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/android-13-review-plans-for-the-future-but-not-much-to-offer-today/ |url-status=live }}
  • Support for Bluetooth LE Audio and the LC3 audio codec.{{Cite web |date=December 22, 2021 |title=Android 13 may finally bring full support for Bluetooth LE Audio |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-13-may-add-blueooth-le-audio-support/ |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629122229/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-13-may-add-blueooth-le-audio-support/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=New LC3 Encoder (I5f2f7627) |url=https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1891675 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=AOSP Gerrit |archive-date=January 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109172549/https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1891675 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Add new LC3 decoder (I275ea8ba) |url=https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1936078 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=AOSP Gerrit}}
  • ART update with a new garbage collector utilizing the Linux userfaultfd system call.{{Citation |last=Gidra |first=Lokesh |title=What's new in app performance |date=May 12, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYdHLqLVspY |language=en |access-date=August 16, 2022}}{{Cite journal |last1=Gidra |first1=Lokesh |last2=Boehm |first2=Hans-J. |last3=Fernandes |first3=Joel |date=October 12, 2020 |title=Utilizing the Linux Userfaultfd System Call in a Compaction Phase of a Garbage Collection Process |url=https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/3671 |journal=Defensive Publications Series}}{{Cite web |title=Android 13 is in AOSP! |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2022/08/android-13-is-in-aosp.html |access-date=August 16, 2022 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}} It reduces memory pressure, compiled code size and jank, and prevents the risk of killing apps because of low memory during garbage collection. Other changes also improve app startup, reduce jank and improve performance. Because of the Mainline project, Android 12 ART will also be updated.
  • Support of Themed icons by third-party apps and manufacturers.{{Cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |date=2022-12-09 |title=Android themed: These apps support Material You makeovers |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/12/09/android-13-themed-icons/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=9to5Google}}

= Android 14 =

{{Main|Android 14}}

Android 14 is the fourteenth major version of the Android operating system. Google announced Android 14 on February 8, 2023, with the first Developer Preview releasing on the same day.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 14 (API 34)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

14

|October 4, 2023

|

  • Installation of apps designed to target Android versions and SDKs older than Marshmallow (6.0) is blocked to prevent malware.{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Android 14 Preview 1 is out, will officially ban installation of old apps |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/android-14-preview-1-is-out-will-officially-ban-installation-of-old-apps/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208214958/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/android-14-preview-1-is-out-will-officially-ban-installation-of-old-apps/ |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=Ars Technica}}{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=February 8, 2023 |title=22 Best Android 14 Features (New and Upcoming) |url=https://beebom.com/best-android-14-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208214958/https://beebom.com/best-android-14-features/ |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=Beebom}}

= Android 15 =

{{Main|Android 15}}

Android 15 is the fifteenth major version of the Android operating system. It was released on September 3, 2024 as part of the Android Open Source Project,{{Cite web |last=Matthew|first=McCullough |date=September 3, 2024 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/09/android-15-is-released-to-aosp.html |title=Android 15 is released to AOSP |website=Android Developer Blog |publisher=Google |access-date=October 16, 2024}} and was first released to a device on September 30, 2024 by Vivo.{{Cite web |last=Bonggolto |first=Jay |date=September 30, 2024 |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/apps-software/the-first-oem-to-drop-android-15-updates-is-one-youd-never-guess |title=The first OEM to drop Android 15 updates is one you'd never guess |website=Android Central |publisher=Future US |access-date=October 16, 2024}} Unlike previous versions of Android, the new update wasn't made available upon its release to Google's own Pixel line, instead being released on October 15, 2024.{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Jay |date=October 15, 2024 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/15/24268043/google-android-15-pixel |title=Android 15 is now available for Pixels |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |access-date=October 15, 2024}}

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|+ Android 15 (API 35)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

15.0

| September 3, 2024

|

  • Reintroduction of lock screen widgets on tablets, which were introduced in Android 4.2 and removed in Android 5.0.{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=2024-01-12 |title=Android 15 might bring back lock screen widgets |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/01/it-looks-like-lock-screen-widgets-are-making-a-comeback-in-android-15/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}

= Android 16 =

{{Main|Android 16}}

Android 16 is the upcoming major release of Android. The first Developer Preview of Android 16 was released on 19 November 2024,{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2024-11-19 |title=Android 16 is now available for early testers |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/19/24300673/android-16-developer-preview-availability-release-timeline |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=The Verge |language=en}} Google expects the platform to reach beta stage in January 2025 with a final release expected in Q2 2025.{{Cite web |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

|+ Android 16 (API 36)

style="width:2%;" | Version

! style="width:11%;" | Release date

! style="width:87%;" | Features

16 DP1

| November 19, 2024

|

  • Embedded photo picker
  • Health records
  • Privacy sandbox on Android.{{Cite web |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}

<span class="anchor" id="HWREQ"></span>Hardware requirements

{{See also|Android (operating system)#Hardware}}

The main hardware platform for Android is the 64-bit ARM architecture (i.e. ARMv8-A; previously the 32-bit ARMv7 architecture was supported and first ARMv5), with x86{{Efn|Lowest supported x86 generation is the P6 microarchitecture, also called i686.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/android_mk.html |title=The syntax of the Android.mk build file |website=developer.android.com |access-date=June 14, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610133143/http://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/android_mk.html |archive-date=June 10, 2015}}}} and MIPS{{Efn|Supported is revision 1 of MIPS32{{cite news |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2900912/imagination-floats-sub100-mips-tablet-running-firefox-os.html |title=Imagination floats sub-$100 MIPS tablet running Firefox OS |first=Agam |last=Shah |publisher=IDG |work=PC World |date=March 23, 2015|access-date=June 5, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605161158/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2900912/imagination-floats-sub100-mips-tablet-running-firefox-os.html|archive-date=June 5, 2015}} and revision 6 for 64-bit MIPS64}} architectures also officially supported in later versions of Android. MIPS support has since been deprecated and support was removed in NDK r17.{{Cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis.html#mips64 |title=ABI Management|website=Android Developers|language=en|access-date=August 17, 2018}}

Android{{nbsp}}1.0 through 1.5 required a 2 megapixel camera with autofocus camera. This was relaxed to a fixed-focus camera with Android{{nbsp}}1.6.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/compatibility.html |title=Android Developers: Android Compatibility |access-date = June 10, 2021 |website=android.com |url-status=live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131017081434/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/compatibility.html |archive-date = October 17, 2013}} Android 10 does not require a camera.{{cite web |title=Android 10 Compatibility Definition |url=https://source.android.google.cn/docs/compatibility/10/android-10-cdd?hl=en&utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=6 May 2025}}

In 2012, Android devices with Intel processors began to appear, including phones{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mobile-phone-reviews/9314362/Orange-San-Diego-Intel-Android-mobile-phone-review.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mobile-phone-reviews/9314362/Orange-San-Diego-Intel-Android-mobile-phone-review.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Orange San Diego Intel Android mobile phone review |last1=Warman |first1=Matt |date=June 7, 2012 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=June 19, 2013}}{{cbignore}} and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on ARM64.{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipop.html |title=Android Lollipop |access-date = November 24, 2014 |website=Android Developers |quote=It's supported on ARM, x86, and MIPS architectures and is fully 64-bit compatible. |url-status=live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141125084524/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipop.html |archive-date = November 25, 2014}}{{cite web |url=http://techbeasts.com/how-to-check-which-of-the-processor-arm-arm64-or-x86-powers-your-smartphone/ |title=How to check which of the Processor, ARM, ARM64 or x86, powers your smartphone |date=April 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127151623/http://techbeasts.com/how-to-check-which-of-the-processor-arm-arm64-or-x86-powers-your-smartphone |archive-date=November 27, 2016}} Since Android{{nbsp}}5.0 Lollipop, 64-bit variants of all platforms are supported in addition to the 32-bit variants.

Requirements for the minimum amount of RAM for devices running Android 7.1 depend on screen size and density and type of CPU, ranging from 816{{nbsp}}MB–1.8{{nbsp}}GB for 64-bit and 512{{nbsp}}MB–1.3{{nbsp}}GB for 32-bit meaning in practice 1{{nbsp}}GB for the most common type of display (while minimum for Android watch is 416{{nbsp}}MB).{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/compatibility/7.1/android-7.1-cdd.pdf |title=Android 7.1 Compatibility Definition |access-date=August 23, 2017}}{{efn|{{BDprefix|p=D}}}} The recommendation for Android{{nbsp}}4.4 is to have at least 512{{nbsp}}MB of RAM,{{cite web |title=Android KitKat |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Portal |access-date=November 16, 2013 |publisher=android.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116015420/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |archive-date=November 16, 2013}} while for "low RAM" devices 340{{nbsp}}MB is the required minimum amount that does not include memory dedicated to various hardware components such as the baseband processor.{{cite book |title=Android Compatibility Definition Document |date=November 27, 2013 |edition=4.4 |page=33 |section=7.6.1 |url=http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/source.android.com/en/us/compatibility/android-cdd.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304103236/http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/source.android.com/en/us/compatibility/android-cdd.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2014 |access-date=February 26, 2014}} Android 4.4 requires a 32-bit ARMv7, MIPS or x86 architecture processor,{{cite web |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222323/Google_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors |title=Google's Android 4.0 ported to x86 processors |last=Shah |first=Agam |date=December 1, 2011 |work=Computerworld |publisher=International Data Group |access-date=February 20, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124084934/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222323/Google_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors |archive-date=January 24, 2012}} together with an OpenGL ES 2.0 compatible graphics processing unit (GPU).{{cite web |url=http://source.android.com/devices/graphics.html |title=Android Developers: Graphics |access-date = November 15, 2015 |website=Android Developers | url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141010074412/http://source.android.com/devices/graphics.html |archive-date = October 10, 2014}} Android supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.2 and since Android 7.0 Vulkan (and version 1.1 available for some devices{{Cite news |url=https://developer.nvidia.com/vulkan-android |title=Vulkan on Android |quote=Vulkan 1.1 is available as a Developer Preview OTA for the NVIDIA SHIELD TV. |date=February 10, 2016 |work=NVIDIA Developer|access-date=March 21, 2018 |language=en}}). Some applications may explicitly require a certain version of the OpenGL ES, and suitable GPU hardware is required to run such applications. In 2021, Android was ported to RISC-V.{{cite news |title=Android has been ported to a RISC-V board |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-risc-v-port/ |website=xda-developers |access-date=January 25, 2021 |date=January 21, 2021}} In 2021, Qualcomm said it will provide a longer support period for its chipsets, starting with the Snapdragon 888, which will help extend Android update support for these devices. With this promise, devices using Qualcomm chipsets will have a total of three Android version upgrades and of four years of security updates.{{cite web |title=Future Android phones may get 4 years of updates, thanks to Google and Qualcomm |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/12/16/google-and-qualcomm-just-announced-huge-news-for-android-os-updates/ |website=Android Police |date=December 16, 2020}}

See also

{{portal|Computer programming}}

Explanatory notes

{{Notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • {{Official website|https://www.android.com|name=Official Android website}}
  • [https://source.android.com/ Android Open Source Project website]

{{Android}}

{{Google LLC}}

Version history

Category:Google operating systems

Category:Lists of operating systems

Category:Mobile operating systems

Category:Software version histories

Category:Tablet operating systems