Angular artery
{{Short description|Artery of the face}}
{{Infobox artery
| Name = Angular artery
| Latin = arteria angularis
| Image = Gray515.png
| Caption = Blood vessels of the eyelids, front view. 1, supraorbital artery and supraorbital vein; 2, nasal artery; 3, angular artery, the terminal branch of 4, the facial artery; 5, suborbital artery; 6, anterior branch of the superficial temporal artery; 6’, malar branch of the transverse artery of the face; 7, lacrimal artery; 8, superior palpebral artery with 8’, its external arch; 9, anastomoses of the superior palpebral with the superficial temporal and lacrimal; 10, inferior palpebral artery; 11, facial vein; 12, angular vein; 13, branch of the superficial temporal vein.
| Image2 = Gray508.png
| Caption2 = The arteries of the face and scalp (angular artery labeled at center right)
| BranchFrom = Facial artery
| BranchTo =
| Vein = Angular vein
| Supplies =Lacrimal sac, orbicularis oculi muscle
}}
The angular artery is an artery of the face. It is the terminal part of the facial artery. It ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit. It is accompanied by the angular vein. It ends by anastomosing with the dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery. It supplies the lacrimal sac, the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the outer side of the nose.
Structure
The angular artery is the terminal part of the facial artery.{{Cite book|last=Scremin|first=Oscar U.|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123742452000310|title=The Rat Nervous System|publisher=Academic Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0-12-374245-2|edition=4th|pages=985–1011|language=en|chapter=31 - Cerebral Vascular System|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-374245-2.00031-0}}{{Cite book|last=Remington|first=Lee Ann|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781437719260100116|title=Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual System|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|year=2012|isbn=978-1-4377-1926-0|edition=3rd|pages=202–217|language=en|chapter=11 - Orbital Blood Supply|doi=10.1016/B978-1-4377-1926-0.10011-6}} It ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit (the medial canthus). It is embedded in the fibers of the angular head of the levator labii superioris muscle.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} It is accompanied by the angular vein. On the cheek, it distributes branches which anastomose with the infraorbital artery. It ends by anastomosing with the dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery.
Function
The angular artery supplies the lacrimal sac, most of the outer side of the nose,{{Cite book|last1=Ort|first1=Yirae|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702060564000836|title=Maxillofacial Surgery|last2=Quereshy|first2=Faisal A.|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|year=2017|isbn=978-0-7020-6056-4|edition=3rd|volume=2|pages=1257–1278|language=en|chapter=83 - Basic Rhinoplasty|doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-6056-4.00083-6}} part of the lower eyelid, and the orbicularis oculi muscle.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}
Clinical significance
The angular artery is important in a nasolabial skin flap for reconstructive surgery.{{Cite book|last1=Markiewicz|first1=Michael R.|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702060564000447|title=Maxillofacial Surgery|last2=Ord|first2=Robert|last3=Fernandes|first3=Rui P.|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|year=2017|isbn=978-0-7020-6056-4|volume=1|pages=616–635|language=en|chapter=43 - Local and Regional Flap Reconstruction of Maxillofacial Defects|doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-6056-4.00044-7}} It can be put at risk during acupuncture of skin around the inner side of the eye.{{Cite book|last1=Focks|first1=Claudia|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443100284500072|title=Atlas of Acupuncture|last2=März|first2=Ulrich|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|year=2008|isbn=978-0-443-10028-4|pages=223–241|language=en|chapter=4 - Acupuncture Points of the Twelve Primary Channels|doi=10.1016/B978-044310028-4.50007-2}}
Additional images
Image:Lateral head anatomy detail.jpg|Lateral head anatomy detail
Image:Head ap anatomy.jpg|Head anatomy anterior view
References
{{Gray's}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311004204/http://www.stchas.edu/divisions/aao/ace/science/modelpics/circulatory/head.shtml Diagram at stchas.edu]
{{Arteries of head and neck}}
{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
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