Angular vein

The angular vein is the upper part of the facial vein, above its junction with the superior labial vein. It anastomoses with the supratrochlear vein,{{Cite journal|last1=Caminer|first1=D. M.|last2=Newman|first2=M. I.|last3=Boyd|first3=J. B.|date=1 April 2006|title=Angular nerve: New insights on innervation of the corrugator supercilii and procerus muscles|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000712260500336X|journal=Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery|language=en|volume=59|issue=4|pages=366–372|doi=10.1016/j.bjps.2005.09.011|pmid=16756251 |issn=1748-6815|url-access=subscription}} and the supraorbital vein. Its connection with the supraorbital vein forms the superior ophthalmic vein that drains through the orbit.{{Cite book|last=Remington|first=Lee Ann|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781437719260100116|title=Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual System|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|year=2012|isbn=978-1-4377-1926-0|edition=3rd|pages=202–217|language=en|chapter=11 - Orbital Blood Supply|doi=10.1016/B978-1-4377-1926-0.10011-6}} This also connects it with the inferior ophthalmic vein and the cavernous sinus. These do not have valves.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021|reason=Some evidence for valves (see talk page).}} The angular vein itself may not contain valves.{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=John|last2=Stringer|first2=Mark D.|date=2010|title=Ophthalmic and facial veins are not valveless|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02325.x|journal=Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology|language=en|volume=38|issue=5|pages=502–510|doi=10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02325.x|pmid=20491800 |s2cid=45698367 |issn=1442-9071|doi-access=free|url-access=subscription}} It receives the lateral nasal veins from the ala of the nose, and the inferior palpebral vein.

The angular vein lies lateral to the angular nerve. It runs obliquely downward by the side of the nose. It passes under zygomaticus major muscle. It joins with the superior labial vein.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

The angular vein drains the medial canthus, and parts of the nose and the upper lip.{{Cite journal|last1=Irmak|first1=M. K.|last2=Korkmaz|first2=A.|last3=Erogul|first3=O.|date=2004-01-01|title=Selective brain cooling seems to be a mechanism leading to human craniofacial diversity observed in different geographical regions|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987704003238|journal=Medical Hypotheses|language=en|volume=63|issue=6|pages=974–979|doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2004.05.003|pmid=15504564 |issn=0306-9877|url-access=subscription}}

The angular vein may be affected by a thrombus.{{Cite book|last1=Catapano|first1=Joshua S.|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128195253000046|title=Cerebral Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas|last2=Cole|first2=Tyler S.|last3=Albuquerque|first3=Felipe C.|publisher=Academic Press|year=2021|isbn=978-0-12-819525-3|pages=125–134|language=en|chapter=9 - Hybrid surgical and endovascular treatment|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-819525-3.00004-6|s2cid=234119518 }} This can create problems for endovascular treatment.

Any infection of the mouth or face (such as the danger triangle of the face) can spread to the cavernous sinus via the angular veins. This is particularly as the veins are valveless.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021|reason=Some evidence for valves (see talk page).}} This can cause thrombosis. Squeezing pimples in this area should be avoided.{{Cite book|title=Diagnosis in Otorhinolaryngology|last=Önerci|first=T. Metin|publisher=Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg|year=2009|isbn=978-3-642-00498-8|pages=70}}

Image:Gray515.png|Bloodvessels of the eyelids, front view.

Image:Lateral head anatomy detail.jpg|Lateral head anatomy detail

Image:Head ap anatomy.jpg|Head anatomy anterior view

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• http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_47/47-5.HTM {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921093026/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_47/47-5.HTM |date=2008-09-21 }}

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Category:Veins of the head and neck

Category:Cardiovascular system

Category:Human head and neck