Anna Ulyanova
{{Short description|Russian revolutionary and stateswoman (1864–1935)}}
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{{Infobox person
| name = Anna Ulyanova
| image = Anna Yelizarova.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Anna Ilyinichna Ulyanova
| birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|26 August|1864|14 August}}
| birth_place = Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhegorodsky Uyezd, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, Russian Empire
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1935|10|19|1864|8|26|df=yes}}
| death_place = Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
| spouse = Mark Yelizarov
| parents = {{unbulleted list|Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov|Maria Alexandrovna Blank}}
| relatives = {{ubl|Vladimir Lenin (brother)|Aleksandr Ulyanov (brother)|Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov (brother)|Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova (sister)|Olga Ilyinichna Ulyanova (sister)}}
}}
Anna Ilyinichna Yelizarova-Ulyanova ({{Langx|ru|Анна Ильинична Елизарова-Ульянова}}; {{OldStyleDate|26 August|1864|14 August}} – 19 October 1935) was a Russian revolutionary and a Soviet politician. The older sister of Vladimir Lenin and of Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova, she married Mark Yelizarov (1863–1919), who became Soviet Russia's first People's Commissar for Transport (in office, 1917–1918).
Biography
Anna Ulyanova was the first child of Maria Alexandrovna Blank and Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov. In the trial of her brother Alexander Ulyanov (for the planned assassination attempt on Tsar Alexander III in March 1887) she was sentenced to five years in exile. She organized Lenin's contacts from prison with the Petersburg League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, supplied him with literature and copied the party documents he had secretly written in prison. In 1898 she joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. She arranged for the publication of Lenin's first work The Development of Capitalism in Russia and other works.{{Cite web |title=Елизарова-Ульянова Анна Ильинична |url=https://www.names52.ru/e/tpost/styhb5u691-elizarova-ulyanova-anna-ilinichna |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=www.names52.ru}}
In 1909, she organized the publication of Lenin's book Materialism and Empirio-Criticism. From 1913, she worked on the Pravda editorial board. In 1917, she was actively involved in the preparation and implementation of the October Revolution as editorial secretary of Pravda and editor of the journal Tkach.
After the revolution, she held senior positions in the People's Commissariat for Social Affairs and the People's Commissariat for Education. Ulyanova was one of the founders of the Commission for the Collection and Study of Materials on the History of the October Revolution and the Communist Party (Istpart Commission) and the Institute of Marxism-Leninism, and served as editorial secretary of the journal Proletarskaya Revolyutsiya.{{Cite web |title=БОЛЬШАЯ САРАТОВСКАЯ ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИЯ : Политики : Елизарова-Ульянова А. И. |url=https://saratovregion.ucoz.ru/people/politics/elizarova-uljanova.htm |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=saratovregion.ucoz.ru}}
In 2011 the State Historical Museum in Moscow put on display a 1932 letter from Anna to Joseph Stalin, in which she reveals that Lenin's maternal grandfather was a Jewish native of Zhitomir who converted in order to leave the Pale of Settlement. She asked Stalin to make this publicly known in order to counter increasing anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union at the time, but he refused and told her to keep the matter secret.{{Cite news |last=Mirovalev |first=Mansur |date=May 30, 2011 |orig-date=Originally published May 23, 2011 |title=Lenin's Jewish Roots on Display |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2011/05/31/lenins-jewish-roots-on-display-a7314 |work=The Moscow Times |access-date=2025-03-14 |agency=Associated Press}}
Anna Ulyanova died on October 19, 1935 in Moscow. She was buried at the Literatorskie Mostki of the Volkovskoye Cemetery in Leningrad, next to her mother, husband and middle sister Olga.
References
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External links
{{Commonscatinline}}
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia. [http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/86631/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0 Entry on Anna Yelizarova-Ulyanova] {{in lang|ru}}
- [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Anna+Ilinichna+Elizarova-Ulianova English translation] of Great Soviet Encyclopedia article
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Category:Politicians from Nizhny Novgorod
Category:People from Nizhegorodsky Uyezd
Category:Family of Vladimir Lenin
Category:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
Category:Untitled nobility from the Russian Empire
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