Dame Annabelle Jane Mary Rankin {{post-nominals|country=GBR|DBE}} (28 July 1908{{spaced ndash}}30 August 1986) was an Australian politician and diplomat. She was the first woman from Queensland elected to parliament, the first woman federal departmental minister, and the first Australian woman to be appointed head of a foreign mission.

Rankin was born in Brisbane, the daughter of state MP Colin Rankin. A member of the Liberal Party, she was elected to the Senate at the 1946 federal election, taking her seat the following year. She was the second woman elected to the Senate, after Dorothy Tangney. Rankin was the Liberal Party's chief whip from 1947 to 1950 and from 1951 to 1966; she remains the longest-serving whip in the party's history, in either chamber of parliament. In 1966, she was made Minister for Housing in the Holt government, becoming the first woman to hold a ministerial portfolio. She held that position until her retirement from politics in 1971. As High Commissioner to New Zealand from 1971 to 1974, she was the first woman to head an Australian mission overseas.

Early life

File:StateLibQld 1 163907 Portrait of the Rankin family, 1908.jpg

Rankin was born on 28 July 1908 in South Brisbane, Queensland. She was the older of two daughters born to Annabelle Davidson Rankin (née Thomson) and Colin Dunlop Wilson Rankin. Her father, born in Scotland, was a sugar grower and Boer War veteran who served in the Queensland Legislative Assembly (1905–1918).{{Cite Au Senate |Sen id=rankin-annabelle-jane-mary |name=Rankin, Dame Annabelle Jane Mary (1908–1986) |first=Sylvia |last=Marchant |volume=3 |access-date=22 November 2019 |year=2010}}

Rankin grew up on her father's sugarcane farm on the Isis River near the small town of Childers. In 1919, her father replaced his deceased brother as managing director of Queensland Collieries Company, necessitating a move to Howard. The family lived in Brooklyn House, which is now heritage-listed.{{cite web|title=Howard|url=https://queenslandplaces.com.au/node/427|work=Queensland Places|publisher=Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland|accessdate=14 September 2012|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808190620/https://queenslandplaces.com.au/howard/|url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=Brooklyn House |url=http://www.frasercoast.qld.gov.au/documents/4362881/41247949/Place%20ID%20005%20-%20Brooklyn%20House.pdf |work=Fraser Coast Local Heritage Register |publisher=Fraser Coast Regional Council |accessdate=7 December 2017 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808190627/https://www.frasercoast.qld.gov.au/documents/4362881/41247949/Place%20ID%20005%20-%20Brooklyn%20House.pdf/ |url-status=live }} Rankin attended the local state schools in Childers and Howard before completing her education as a boarder at the Glennie Memorial School in Toowoomba.{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |id2=rankin-dame-annabelle-jane-15857 |title=Rankin, Dame Annabelle Jane (1908–1986) |first=Lenore |last=Coltheart |year=2012 |volume=18 |access-date=8 December 2017}}

As an unmarried woman from a wealthy family, Rankin was not expected to enter the workforce. She involved herself in various community organisations, teaching Sunday school and founding a local unit of the Girl Guides.{{cite web|title=Rankin, Annabelle Jane Mary (1908-1986)|publisher=National Foundation for Australian Women|work=Australian Women|url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/IMP0047b.htm|accessdate=8 June 2015|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808190635/http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/IMP0047b.htm/|url-status=live}} She was encouraged by her father to travel overseas, visiting China and Japan soon after leaving school. She visited Europe in 1936, working in the slums of London and with refugees from the Spanish Civil War; while in Gibraltar she witnessed the bombing of La Línea de la Concepción.

After her father's death in 1940, Rankin began working as a clerk for the Union Trustee Company of Australia. She was the commandant of a Brisbane-based Voluntary Aid Detachment during the war. She was also state secretary of the Girl Guides in 1942 and assistant state commissioner of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) the following year. She was responsible for the organisation's work around the welfare of servicewomen, in which capacity she travelled to military bases in North Queensland. In 1946, she was offered a position in Greece with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, but declined in order to enter politics in Australia.

Politics

File:Annabelle Rankin.jpg

In July 1946, Rankin won preselection for the Senate on the ticket of the Queensland People's Party, the contemporary state affiliate of the Liberal Party. Her selection ended the political career of Senate veteran Harry Foll. Rankin's first campaign speech in Maryborough reportedly "attracted one of the largest crowds ever to attend a political meeting in that town, the number including almost twice as many women as men". At the 1946 federal election she was elected to a term beginning in July 1947. She was the first Queensland woman elected to federal parliament, the second woman elected to the Senate after Dorothy Tangney, and the second woman from the Liberal Party elected to federal parliament after Enid Lyons.

Due to consecutive landslide defeats and the block voting system in use at the time, the Coalition between the Liberal Party and Country Party was left with only three senators after the 1946 election, all from Queensland. Walter Cooper became Leader of the Opposition in the Senate with Neil O'Sullivan as his deputy. Rankin became the Opposition Whip, the first woman to serve as a whip in federal parliament. Because of these very low numbers, the duties of the whip's position were virtually non-existent. This led to one commentator remarking:

"Senator Rankin should have an easy job, unless the Leader and Deputy-Leader fall down on theirs".

Rankin was a prominent member of the Australian Women's Movement Against Socialisation (AWMAS), formed by Millicent Preston-Stanley to oppose the Chifley government's proposed nationalisation of the banks.

File:AnnabelleRankin1967.jpg

On 26 January 1966, Prime Minister Harold Holt appointed her Minister for Housing in his first ministry, responsible for the Department of Housing. She was the second woman to reach ministerial rank in the Federal Parliament.{{cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/107061856|newspaper=The Canberra Times|location=ACT|date=10 July 1968|page=17|title=Suffrage without violence|access-date=3 March 2016|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808190638/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/107061856/|url-status=live}} She resigned from the Senate in 1971 and was made High Commissioner to New Zealand, a post she held to 1974. Following her retirement she returned to Brisbane where she continued to be involved in voluntary organisations.

Rankin is the only woman to be Mother of the Senate, an informal title given to the senator with the longest continuous service. She held the title from 1968 to her retirement in 1971, together with Fathers of the Senate Justin O’Byrne and Bert Hendrickson.{{Cite web|date=|title=The Father of the House|url=https://www.moadoph.gov.au/blog/the-father-of-the-house|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004101537/https://www.moadoph.gov.au/blog/the-father-of-the-house/|archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House|language=en}}

Death

Rankin died in Brisbane aged 78, on 30 August 1986. She was cremated following a State funeral at St John's Anglican Cathedral in Brisbane.

Honours

Annabelle Rankin was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) on 13 June 1957 for political and public services.{{Cite It's an Honour |ausawardid=1067240 |title=Annabelle Jane Mary Rankin |award=Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire |postnominal=DBE |date=1957-06-13 |access-date=2023-01-12}} In 1977 Rankin was made a Life Member of the Queensland Branch of the Children's Book Council of Australia.