Anthropic#Claude

File:Dario Amodei at TechCrunch Disrupt 2023 01.jpg, co-founder]]

Anthropic was founded in 2021 by seven former employees of OpenAI, including siblings Daniela Amodei and Dario Amodei, the latter of whom served as OpenAI's Vice President of Research.{{Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title=As Anthropic seeks billions to take on OpenAI, 'industrial capture' is nigh. Or is it? |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/as-anthropic-seeks-billions-to-take-on-openai-industrial-capture-is-nigh-or-is-it/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193007/https://venturebeat.com/ai/as-anthropic-seeks-billions-to-take-on-openai-industrial-capture-is-nigh-or-is-it/ |archive-date=2023-05-24 |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US}}

In April 2022, Anthropic announced it had received $580 million in funding,{{Cite web |date=2023-02-03 |title=Google invests $300 million in Anthropic as race to compete with ChatGPT heats up |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/google-invests-300-million-in-anthropic-as-race-to-compete-with-chatgpt-heats-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206075725/https://venturebeat.com/ai/google-invests-300-million-in-anthropic-as-race-to-compete-with-chatgpt-heats-up/ |archive-date=2023-02-06 |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US}} including a $500 million investment from FTX under the leadership of Sam Bankman-Fried.{{Cite web |last=Sigalos |first=MacKenzie |date=2024-03-25 |title=FTX estate selling majority stake in AI startup Anthropic for $884 million, with bulk going to UAE |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/25/ftx-estate-sells-majority-stake-in-startup-anthropic-for-884-million.html |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=CNBC |language=en}}{{cite web |last1=Roose |first1=Kevin |date=11 July 2023 |title=Inside the White-Hot Center of A.I. Doomerism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/11/technology/anthropic-ai-claude-chatbot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712235416/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/11/technology/anthropic-ai-claude-chatbot.html |archive-date=12 July 2023 |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=The New York Times}}

In the summer of 2022, Anthropic finished training the first version of Claude but did not release it, mentioning the need for further internal safety testing and the desire to avoid initiating a potentially hazardous race to develop increasingly powerful AI systems.{{Cite magazine |last=Perrigo |first=Billy |date=2024-05-30 |title=Inside Anthropic, the AI Company Betting That Safety Can Be a Winning Strategy |url=https://time.com/6980000/anthropic/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |magazine=Time |language=en}}

In February 2023, Anthropic was sued by Texas-based Anthrop LLC for the use of its registered trademark "Anthropic A.I."{{Cite web |last=Setty |first=Riddhi |date=2023-02-23 |title=Anthropic A.I. Sues AI Company for Trademark Infringement |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/anthropic-a-i-sues-ai-company-for-trademark-infringement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222172208/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/anthropic-a-i-sues-ai-company-for-trademark-infringement |archive-date=2023-02-22 |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=Bloomberg Law |language=en-US}} On September 25, 2023, Amazon announced a partnership with Anthropic, with Amazon becoming a minority stakeholder by initially investing $1.25 billion, and planning a total investment of $4 billion. As part of the deal, Anthropic would use Amazon Web Services (AWS) as its primary cloud provider and make its AI models available to AWS customers.{{Cite press release |date=2023-09-25 |title=Amazon and Anthropic announce strategic collaboration to advance generative AI |url=https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-aws-anthropic-ai |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=US About Amazon |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925104013/https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-aws-anthropic-ai |url-status=live}} The next month, Google invested $500 million in Anthropic, and committed to an additional $1.5 billion over time.

In March 2024, Amazon maxed out its potential investment from the agreement made in the prior year by investing another US$2.75 billion into Anthropic, completing its $4 billion investment.

In November 2024, Amazon announced a new investment of $4 billion in Anthropic (bringing its total investment to $8 billion), including an agreement to increase the use of Amazon's AI chips for training and running Anthropic's large language models.{{Cite web |last1=Cosgrove |first1=Emma |last2=Bergman |first2=Ben |date=November 22, 2024 |title=Amazon makes massive downpayment on dethroning Nvidia |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-tries-again-anthropic-ai-chips-trainium-nvidia-2024-11 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}

In 2024, Anthropic attracted several notable employees from OpenAI, including Jan Leike, John Schulman, and Durk Kingma.{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2024-10-01 |title=Anthropic hires OpenAI co-founder Durk Kingma |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/01/anthropic-hires-openai-co-founder-durk-kingma/ |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}

According to Anthropic, the company's goal is to research the safety and reliability of artificial intelligence systems.{{Cite web |title=Research |url=https://www.anthropic.com/research |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=www.anthropic.com |language=en}} The Amodei siblings were among those who left OpenAI due to directional differences.

Anthropic incorporated itself as a Delaware public-benefit corporation (PBC).{{Cite web |title=Our response to the UK Government's internal AI safety policy enquiries |url=https://www.anthropic.com/uk-government-internal-ai-safety-policy-response |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=www.anthropic.com |language=en}} Anthropic has a corporate "Long-Term Benefit Trust", a company-derived entity that requires the company's directors to align the company's priorities with the public benefit rather than profit in "extreme" instances of "catastrophic risk".{{Cite web |title=The Long-Term Benefit Trust |url=https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-long-term-benefit-trust |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=www.anthropic.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |last1=Morley |first1=John |last2=Berger |first2=David |last3=Simmerman |first3=Amy |title=Anthropic Long-Term Benefit Trust |url=https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2023/10/28/anthropic-long-term-benefit-trust/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance|date=28 October 2023 }} As of September 2023, members of the Trust included Jason Matheny (CEO and President of the RAND Corporation), and Paul Christiano (Founder of the Alignment Research Center).{{Cite news |last=Klein |first=Ezra |date=2023-03-12 |title=Opinion {{!}} This Changes Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/12/opinion/chatbots-artificial-intelligence-future-weirdness.html |access-date=2024-04-11 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

Investors include Amazon.com for $8B, Google for $2B, and Menlo Ventures for $750M.Erin Griffith and Cade Metz: [https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/20/technology/anthropic-funding-ai.html Inside the Funding Frenzy at Anthropic, One of A.I.’s Hottest Start-Ups.] In: NYT, 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.

• Dario Amodei: Co-founder and chief executive officer{{Cite web |title=Anthropic {{!}} Company Overview & News |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/anthropic/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Forbes |language=en}}
• Daniela Amodei: Co-founder and President
• Mike Krieger: Chief Product Officer{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/5/15/24157240/mike-krieger-anthropic-instagram-ai|title=Instagram's co-founder is Anthropic's new chief product officer|first=David|last=Pierce|date=May 15, 2024|website=The Verge}}{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/05/15/anthropic-hires-instagram-co-founder-as-head-of-product/|title=Anthropic hires Instagram co-founder as head of product|first=Kyle|last=Wiggers|date=May 15, 2024|website=TechCrunch}}
• Jan Leike: ex-OpenAI alignment researcher{{cite web |last=Robison |first=Kylie |date=May 28, 2024 |title=OpenAI researcher who resigned over safety concerns joins Anthropic |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/5/28/24166370/jan-leike-openai-anthropic-ai-safety-research |website=VentureBeat}}

{{Main|Claude (language model)}}

Claude incorporates "Constitutional AI" to set safety guidelines for the model's output.{{Cite news |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=2023-10-17 |title=What if We Could All Control A.I.? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/17/technology/ai-chatbot-control.html |access-date=2024-04-11 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The name, "Claude", was chosen either as a reference to mathematician Claude Shannon, or as a male name to contrast the female names of other A.I. assistants such as Alexa, Siri, and Cortana.

Anthropic initially released two versions of its model, Claude and Claude Instant, in March 2023, with the latter being a more lightweight model.{{Cite web |last=Drapkin |first=Aaron |date=2023-10-27 |title=What Is Claude AI and Anthropic? ChatGPT's Rival Explained |url=https://tech.co/news/what-is-claude-ai-anthropic |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Tech.co |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Deborah |first=Yao |date=2023-08-11 |title=Anthropic's Claude Instant: A Smaller, Faster and Cheaper Language Model |url=https://aibusiness.com/nlp/anthropic-s-claude-instant-a-smaller-faster-and-cheaper-language-model |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=AI Business}}{{Cite web |last=Sharon |first=Goldman |date=2023-03-14 |title=OpenAI rival Anthropic introduces Claude, an AI assistant to take on ChatGPT |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/google-funded-anthropic-introduces-claude-chatgpt-rival-through-chat-and-api/ |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Venture Beat}} The next iteration, Claude 2, was launched in July 2023.{{cite web |last1=Milmo |first1=Dan |date=12 July 2023 |title=Claude 2: ChatGPT rival launches chatbot that can summarise a novel |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/jul/12/claude-2-anthropic-launches-chatbot-rival-chatgpt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108182005/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/jul/12/claude-2-anthropic-launches-chatbot-rival-chatgpt |archive-date=8 November 2023 |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=The Guardian}} Unlike Claude, which was only available to select users, Claude 2 is available for public use.

Claude 3 was released in March 2024, with three language models: Opus, Sonnet, and Haiku.{{Cite web |last=Nuñez |first=Michael |date=2024-03-04 |title=Anthropic unveils Claude 3, surpassing GPT-4 and Gemini Ultra in benchmark tests |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/anthropic-unveils-claude-3-claims-new-standard-for-intelligence/ |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Venture Beat}}{{cite web |title=Introducing the next generation of Claude |url=https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-3-family |access-date=4 March 2024}} The Opus model is the largest. According to Anthropic, it outperformed OpenAI's GPT-4 and GPT-3.5, and Google's Gemini Ultra, in benchmark tests at the time. Sonnet and Haiku are Anthropic's medium- and small-sized models, respectively. All three models can accept image input. Amazon has added Claude 3 to its cloud AI service Bedrock.{{cite news |last=Franzen | first= Carl |date=March 4, 2024 |title=Amazon adds Claude 3, which beats GPT-4, to Bedrock |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/amazon-adds-claude-3-beats-gpt-4-to-bedrock/ |work=Venture Beat}}

In May 2024, Anthropic announced the Claude Team plan, its first enterprise offering for Claude, and Claude iOS app.{{Cite news |last=Field |first=Hayden |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Amazon-backed Anthropic launches iPhone app and business tier to compete with OpenAI's ChatGPT |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/01/anthropic-iphone-ai-app-business-plan-to-compete-with-openai-announced.html |access-date=May 3, 2024 |work=CNBC}}

In June 2024, Anthropic released Claude 3.5 Sonnet, which demonstrated significantly improved performance on benchmarks compared to the larger Claude 3 Opus, notably in areas such as coding, multistep workflows, chart interpretation, and text extraction from images. Released alongside 3.5 Sonnet was the new Artifacts capability in which Claude was able to create code in a dedicated window in the interface and preview select code in real time such as websites or SVGs.{{Cite web |last=Pierce |first=David |date=2024-06-20 |title=Anthropic has a fast new AI model — and a clever new way to interact with chatbots |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/6/20/24181961/anthropic-claude-35-sonnet-model-ai-launch |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=The Verge |language=en}}

In October 2024, Anthropic released an improved version of Claude 3.5, along with a beta feature called "Computer use", which enables Claude to take screenshots, click, and type text.{{Cite web |last=Nuñez |first=Michael |date=2024-10-22 |title=Anthropic's new AI can use computers like a human, redefining automation for enterprises |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/anthropic-new-ai-can-use-computers-like-a-human-redefining-automation-for-enterprises/ |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US}}

In November 2024, Palantir announced a partnership with Anthropic and Amazon Web Services to provide U.S. intelligence and defense agencies access to Claude 3 and 3.5. According to Palantir, this was the first time that Claude would be used in "classified environments".{{Cite web |title=Palantir IR |url=https://investors.palantir.com/news-details/2024/Anthropic-and-Palantir-Partner-to-Bring-Claude-AI-Models-to-AWS-for-U.S.-Government-Intelligence-and-Defense-Operations/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=investors.palantir.com |language=en-US}}

In December 2024, Claude 3.5 Haiku was made available to all users on web and mobile platforms.{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2024-12-12 |title=Anthropic's 3.5 Haiku model comes to Claude users |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/12/12/anthropics-3-5-haiku-model-comes-to-claude-users/ |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}

In February 2025, Claude 3.7 Sonnet was introduced to all paid users. It is a "hybrid reasoning" model (one that responds directly to simple queries, while taking more time for complex problems).{{Cite web |last=Rooney |first=Kate |date=2025-02-24 |title=Anthropic says it's released its 'most intelligent' AI model yet as competition ramps up |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/02/24/anthropic-say-claude-sonnet-3point7-is-its-most-intelligent-ai-model-yet.html |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=CNBC |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Heath |first=Alex |date=2025-02-24 |title=Anthropic’s new ‘hybrid reasoning’ AI model is its smartest yet |url=https://www.theverge.com/news/618440/anthropic-claude-3-7-sonnet-ai-model-hybrid-reasoning |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}

{{main|Constitutional AI}}

According to Anthropic, Constitutional AI (CAI) is a framework developed to align AI systems with human values and ensure that they are helpful, harmless, and honest.{{Cite magazine |last1=Henshall |first1=Will |last2=Perrigo |first2=Billy |date=2023-09-07 |title=TIME100 AI 2023: Dario and Daniela Amodei |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-ai/6309047/daniela-and-dario-amodei/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |magazine=Time |language=en}} Within this framework, humans provide a set of rules describing the desired behavior of the AI system, known as the "constitution". The AI system evaluates the generated output and then adjusts the AI models to better fit the constitution. The self-reinforcing process aims to avoid harm, respect preferences, and provide true information.{{cite arXiv|last1=Bai |first1=Yuntao |title=Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback |date=2022-12-15 |eprint=2212.08073 |last2=Kadavath |first2=Saurav |last3=Kundu |first3=Sandipan |last4=Askell |first4=Amanda |last5=Kernion |first5=Jackson |last6=Jones |first6=Andy |last7=Chen |first7=Anna |last8=Goldie |first8=Anna |last9=Mirhoseini |first9=Azalia|class=cs.CL }}

Some of the principles of Claude 2's constitution are derived from documents such as the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Apple's terms of service. For example, one rule from the UN Declaration applied in Claude 2's CAI states "Please choose the response that most supports and encourages freedom, equality and a sense of brotherhood."

Anthropic also publishes research on the interpretability of machine learning systems, focusing on the transformer architecture.{{Cite web |title=Transformer Circuits Thread |url=https://transformer-circuits.pub/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=transformer-circuits.pub |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204224450/https://www.transformer-circuits.pub/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Towards Monosemanticity: Decomposing Language Models With Dictionary Learning |url=https://transformer-circuits.pub/2023/monosemantic-features/index.html |access-date=10 October 2023 |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009064431/https://transformer-circuits.pub/2023/monosemantic-features/index.html |url-status=live }}

Part of Anthropic's research aims to be able to automatically identify "features" in generative pretrained transformers like Claude. In a neural network, a feature is a pattern of neural activations that corresponds to a concept. In 2024, using a compute-intensive technique called "dictionary learning", Anthropic was able to identify millions of features in Claude, including for example one associated with the Golden Gate Bridge. Enhancing the ability to identify and edit features is expected to have significant safety implications.{{Cite web |last=Ropek |first=Lucas |date=2024-05-21 |title=New Anthropic Research Sheds Light on AI's 'Black Box' |url=https://gizmodo.com/new-anthropic-research-sheds-light-on-ais-black-box-1851491333 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=Gizmodo |language=en}}{{Cite magazine |last=Perrigo |first=Billy |date=2024-05-21 |title=Artificial Intelligence Is a 'Black Box.' Maybe Not For Long |url=https://time.com/6980210/anthropic-interpretability-ai-safety-research/ |access-date=2024-05-24 |magazine=Time |language=en}}Adly Templeton*, Tom Conerly*, Jonathan Marcus, Jack Lindsey, Trenton Bricken, Brian Chen, Adam Pearce, Craig Citro, Emmanuel Ameisen, Andy Jones, Hoagy Cunningham, Nicholas L Turner, Callum McDougall, Monte MacDiarmid, Alex Tamkin, Esin Durmus, Tristan Hume, Francesco Mosconi, C. Daniel Freeman, Theodore R. Sumers, Edward Rees, Joshua Batson, Adam Jermyn, Shan Carter, Chris Olah, Tom Henighan {{citation|url=https://transformer-circuits.pub/2024/scaling-monosemanticity/index.html |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=Anthropic |title=Scaling Monosemanticity: Extracting Interpretable Features from Claude 3 Sonnet}}

In March 2025, research by Anthropic suggested that multilingual LLMs partially process information in a conceptual space before converting it to the appropriate language. It also found evidence that LLMs can sometimes plan ahead. For example, when writing poetry, Claude identifies potential rhyming words before generating a line that ends with one of these words.{{Cite web |last=Kahn |first=Jeremy |title=Anthropic researchers make progress unpacking AI's 'black box' |url=https://fortune.com/2025/03/27/anthropic-ai-breakthrough-claude-llm-black-box/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Fortune |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Nuñez |first=Michael |date=2025-03-27 |title=Anthropic scientists expose how AI actually ‘thinks’ — and discover it secretly plans ahead and sometimes lies |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/anthropic-scientists-expose-how-ai-actually-thinks-and-discover-it-secretly-plans-ahead-and-sometimes-lies/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US}}

Anthropic partnered with Palantir and Amazon Web Services in November 2024 to provide the Claude model to U.S. intelligence and defense agencies.{{Cite web |last=Zeff |first=Maxwell |date=2025-01-19 |title=The Pentagon says AI is speeding up its 'kill chain' |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/01/19/the-pentagon-says-ai-is-speeding-up-its-kill-chain/ |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}} Anthropic's CEO Dario Amodei said about working with the U.S. military:

The position that we should never use AI in defense and intelligence settings doesn’t make sense to me. The position that we should go gangbusters and use it to make anything we want — up to and including doomsday weapons — that’s obviously just as crazy. We’re trying to seek the middle ground, to do things responsibly.{{Cite news |last=Murgia |first=Madhumita |date=2024-12-05 |title=Anthropic’s Dario Amodei: Democracies must maintain the lead in AI |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e75e3388-4700-413d-ab67-778410c2d977 |access-date=2025-02-10 |work=Financial Times}}

On October 18, 2023, Anthropic was sued by Concord, Universal, ABKCO, and other music publishers for, per the complaint, "systematic and widespread infringement of their copyrighted song lyrics."{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Financial |date=2023-10-19 |title=Universal Music sues AI start-up Anthropic for scraping song lyrics |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/10/universal-music-sues-ai-start-up-anthropic-for-scraping-song-lyrics/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}{{Cite web |last=David |first=Emilia |date=2023-10-19 |title=Universal Music sues AI company Anthropic for distributing song lyrics |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/10/19/23924100/universal-music-sue-anthropic-lyrics-copyright-katy-perry |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=The Verge |language=en}}[https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/67894459/1/concord-music-group-inc-v-anthropic-pbc Court Docket for Concord Music Group v Anthropic], per CourtListener. They alleged that the company used copyrighted material without permission in the form of song lyrics.{{Cite web |last=Masse |first=Bryson |date=2023-10-19 |title=Major music publishers sue Anthropic for copyright infringement over song lyrics |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/major-music-publishers-sue-anthropic-for-copyright-infringement-over-song-lyrics/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=VentureBeat}} The plaintiffs asked for up to $150,000 for each work infringed upon by Anthropic, citing infringement of copyright laws. In the lawsuit, the plaintiffs support their allegations of copyright violations by citing several examples of Anthropic's Claude model outputting copied lyrics from songs such as Katy Perry's "Roar" and Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive". Additionally, the plaintiffs alleged that even given some prompts that did not directly state a song name, the model responded with modified lyrics based on original work.

On January 16, 2024, Anthropic claimed that the music publishers were not unreasonably harmed and that the examples noted by plaintiffs were merely bugs.{{Cite web |last=Brittain |first=Blake |date=2024-01-17 |title=Anthropic fires back at music publishers' AI copyright lawsuit |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/anthropic-fires-back-music-publishers-ai-copyright-lawsuit-2024-01-17/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=Reuters}}

In August 2024, a class-action lawsuit was filed against Anthropic in California for alleged copyright infringement. The suit claims Anthropic fed its LLMs with pirated copies of the authors' work, including from participants Kirk Wallace Johnson, Andrea Bartz and Charles Graeber.{{Cite web |last=Field |first=Hayden |date=2024-08-20 |title=Amazon-backed Anthropic hit with class-action lawsuit over copyright infringement |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/08/20/amazon-backed-anthropic-hit-with-class-action-lawsuit-over-copyright-infringement.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=CNBC |language=en}}

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{{Cite news |last=Lin |first=Belle |title=Google and Anthropic Are Selling Generative AI to Businesses, Even as They Address Its Shortcomings |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-and-anthropic-are-selling-generative-ai-to-businesses-even-as-they-address-its-shortcomings-ff90d83d |access-date=2024-04-11 |work=WSJ |language=en-US}}

{{cite web |last1=Matthews |first1=Dylan |date=17 July 2023 |title=The $1 billion gamble to ensure AI doesn't destroy humanity |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23794855/anthropic-ai-openai-claude-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003205441/https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23794855/anthropic-ai-openai-claude-2 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=Vox |language=en}}

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