Siri

Siri is a spin-out from the Stanford Research Institute's Artificial Intelligence Center and is an offshoot of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA)-funded CALO project.{{cite news |first=Biance |last=Bosker |title=SIRI RISING: The Inside Story Of Siri's Origins – And Why She Could Overshadow The iPhone |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/22/siri-do-engine-apple-iphone_n_2499165.html |newspaper=Huffington Post |date=January 24, 2013 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} SRI International used the NABC Framework to define the value proposition for Siri.{{cite web |first=Steve |last=Denning |title=How To Create An Innovative Culture: The Extraordinary Case Of SRI |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2015/11/30/how-to-create-an-innovative-culture-the-extraordinary-case-of-sri/?sh=22433bc66ad3 |website=Forbes |date=Nov 30, 2015 |access-date=Jan 29, 2022}} It was co-founded by Dag Kittlaus, Tom Gruber, and Adam Cheyer. Kittlaus named Siri after a co-worker in Norway; the name is a short form of the name Sigrid, from Old Norse Sigríðr, composed of the elements sigr "victory" and fríðr "beautiful".{{Cite web|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/2221246/steve-jobs-wasn-t-a-fan-of-the-siri-name.html|title=Steve Jobs wasn't a fan of the Siri name|last=Heisler|first=Yoni|date=2012-03-28|website=Network World|language=en|access-date=2019-10-05}}

Siri's speech recognition engine was provided by Nuance Communications, a speech technology company.{{cite web |first=Kevin |last=Bostic |title=Nuance confirms its voice technology is behind Apple's Siri |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/05/30/nuance-confirms-its-technology-is-behind-apples-siri |website=AppleInsider |date=May 30, 2013 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} Neither Apple nor Nuance acknowledged this for years,{{cite web |first=MG |last=Siegler |title=Siri, Do You Use Nuance Technology? Siri: I'm Sorry, I Can't Answer That. |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/05/apple-siri-nuance/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=October 5, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Roger |last=Kay |title=Behind Apple's Siri Lies Nuance's Speech Recognition |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerkay/2014/03/24/behind-apples-siri-lies-nuances-speech-recognition/ |website=Forbes |date=March 24, 2014 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} until Nuance CEO Paul Ricci confirmed it at a 2013 technology conference. The speech recognition system uses sophisticated machine learning techniques, including convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory.{{cite magazine |last=Levy |first=Steven |date=August 24, 2016 |title=The iBrain Is Here—and It's Already Inside Your Phone |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/08/an-exclusive-look-at-how-ai-and-machine-learning-work-at-apple/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623205924/https://www.wired.com/2016/08/an-exclusive-look-at-how-ai-and-machine-learning-work-at-apple/ |url-status=live |archive-date=June 23, 2017 |access-date=23 Jun 2017 |magazine=Wired}}

The initial Siri prototype was implemented using the Active platform, a joint project between the Artificial Intelligence Center of SRI International and the Vrai Group at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. The Active platform was the focus of a Ph.D. thesis led by Didier Guzzoni, who joined Siri as its chief scientist.{{Cite thesis |url=https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/114758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604060137/https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/114758 |title=Active: a unified platform for building intelligent applications |last=Guzzoni |first=Didier |date=2008 |publisher=Lausanne, EPFL |doi=10.5075/epfl-thesis-3990 |access-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-date=June 4, 2018 |url-status=live}}

Siri was acquired by Apple Inc. in April 2010 under the direction of Steve Jobs.{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2011/10/06/steve-jobs-leaves-a-legacy-in-a-i-with-siri/|title=Steve Jobs Leaves A Legacy In A.I. With Siri|last=Olson|first=Parmy|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-10-05}} Apple's first notion of a digital personal assistant appeared in a 1987 concept video, Knowledge Navigator.{{cite web |first=Kelly |last=Hodgkins |title=Apple's Knowledge Navigator, Siri and the iPhone 4S |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/05/apples-knowledge-navigator-siri-and-the-iphone-4s/ |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL |date=October 5, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Adam |last=Rosen |title=Apple Knowledge Navigator Video from 1987 Predicts Siri, iPad and More |url=http://www.cultofmac.com/120716/apple-knowledge-navigator-video-from-1987-predicts-siri-ipad-and-more/ |website=Cult of Mac |date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

{{Main|Apple Intelligence}}Siri has been updated with enhanced capabilities made possible by Apple Intelligence. In macOS Sequoia, iOS 18, and iPadOS 18, Siri features an updated user interface, improved natural language processing, and the option to interact via text by double tapping the home bar without enabling the feature in the Accessibility menu on iOS and iPadOS. According to Apple: it adds the ability for Siri to use the context of device activities to make conversations more natural; Siri can give users device support and will have larger app support via the Siri App Intents API; Siri will be able to deliver intelligence that's tailored to the user and their on-device information using personal context. For example, a user can say, "When is Mom's flight landing?" and Siri will find the flight details and try to cross-reference them with real-time flight tracking to give an arrival time.{{Cite web |title=Introducing Apple Intelligence for iPhone, iPad, and Mac |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/06/introducing-apple-intelligence-for-iphone-ipad-and-mac/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=Apple Newsroom |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Apple Intelligence Preview |url=https://www.apple.com/apple-intelligence/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=Apple |language=en-US}} For more day to day interactions with Apple devices, Siri will now summarize messages (on more apps than just Messages, such as Discord and Slack). According to users{{Who|date=May 2025}}, this feature can be helpful but can also be inappropriate in certain situations.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

The original American voice of Siri was recorded in July 2005 by Susan Bennett, who was unaware it would eventually be used for the voice assistant.{{cite book |last=McKee |first=Heidi |title=Professional Communication and Network Interaction: A Rhetorical and Ethical Approach |series=Routledge Studies in Rhetoric and Communication |publisher=Taylor and Francis |publication-place=London |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-351-77077-4 |oclc=990411615 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wv8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |access-date=1 December 2018 |page=167 |quote=Siri's voices were recorded in 2005 by a company who then licensed the voices to Apple for use in Siri. The three main voices of Siri at original launch were Karen Jacobson (in Australia), Susan Bennett (in the United States), and Jon Briggs ...}}{{cite web |first=Jessica |last=Ravitz |title='I'm the original voice of Siri' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/04/tech/mobile/bennett-siri-iphone-voice |website=CNN |date=October 15, 2013 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} A report from The Verge in September 2013 about voice actors, their work, and machine learning developments, hinted that Allison Dufty was the voice behind Siri,{{cite web |first=Lessley |last=Anderson |title=Machine language: how Siri found its voice |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/17/4596374/machine-language-how-siri-found-its-voice |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=September 17, 2013 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Angela |last=Tafoya |title=Siri, Unveiled! Meet The REAL Woman Behind The Voice |url=http://www.refinery29.com/2013/09/54029/iphone-siri-voice-alison-dufty |website=Refinery29 |date=September 23, 2013 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} but this was disproven when Dufty wrote on her website that she was "absolutely, positively not the voice of Siri." Citing growing pressure, Bennett revealed her role as Siri in October, and her claim was confirmed by Ed Primeau, an American audio forensics expert. Apple has never acknowledged it.

The original British male voice was provided by Jon Briggs, a former technology journalist and for 12 years narrated for the hit BBC quiz show The Weakest Link. After discovering he was Siri's voice by watching television, he first spoke about the role in November 2011. He acknowledged that the voice work was done "five or six years ago", and that he didn't know how the recordings would be used.{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Warman |title=The voice behind Siri breaks his silence |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/8879705/The-voice-behind-Siri-breaks-his-silence.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/8879705/The-voice-behind-Siri-breaks-his-silence.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=The Daily Telegraph |date=November 10, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cbignore}}{{cite web |first=Vlad |last=Savov |title=British voice of Siri only found out about it when he heard himself on TV |url=https://www.theverge.com/2011/11/10/2551519/british-voice-of-siri-only-found-out-about-it-when-he-heard-himself |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=November 10, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

The original Australian voice was provided by Karen Jacobsen, a voice-over artist known in Australia as the GPS girl.{{cite news |first=Hannah Jane |last=Parkinson |title=Hey, Siri! Meet the real people behind Apple's voice-activated assistant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/12/siri-real-voices-apple-ios-assistant-jon-briggs-susan-bennett-karen-jacobsen |newspaper=The Guardian |date=August 12, 2015 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

In an interview between all three voice actors and The Guardian, Briggs said that "the original system was recorded for a US company called Scansoft, who were then bought by Nuance. Apple simply licensed it."

For iOS 11, Apple auditioned hundreds of candidates to find new female voices, then recorded several hours of speech, including different personalities and expressions, to build a new text-to-speech voice based on deep learning technology.{{cite web |first=Jordan |last=Kahn |title=Apple engineers share behind-the-scenes evolution of Siri & more on Apple Machine Learning Journal |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/08/23/evolution-siri-machine-learning-journal/ |website=9to5Mac |date=August 23, 2017 |access-date=December 5, 2017}} In February 2022, Apple added Quinn, its first gender-neutral voice as a fifth user option, to the iOS 15.4 developer release.{{Cite web |last=Fried |first=Ina |date=2022-02-23 |title=Apple gives Siri a less gendered voice |url=https://www.axios.com/apple-gives-siri-less-gendered-voice-d4b2ab56-67c9-4728-b195-8bc14d163672.html |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Axios |language=en}}

Siri released as a stand-alone application for the iOS operating system in February 2010, and at the time, the developers were also intending to release Siri for Android and BlackBerry devices.{{cite web |first=Erick |last=Schonfeld |title=Siri's IPhone App Puts A Personal Assistant in Your Pocket |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/02/04/siri-iphone-personal-assistant/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=February 4, 2010 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} Two months later, Apple acquired Siri.{{cite news |first=Jenna |last=Wortham |title=Apple Buys a Start-Up for Its Voice Technology |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/technology/29apple.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 29, 2010 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Katie |last=Marsal |title=Apple acquires Siri, developer of personal assistant app for iPhone |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/10/04/28/apple_acquires_siri_developer_of_personal_assistant_app_for_iphone |website=AppleInsider |date=April 28, 2010 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Leena |last=Rao |title=Confirmed: Apple Buys Virtual Personal Assistant Startup Siri |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/04/28/apple-buys-virtual-personal-assistant-startup-siri/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=April 28, 2010 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} On October 4, 2011, Apple introduced the iPhone 4S with a beta version of Siri.{{cite web |first=Jordan |last=Golson |title=Siri Voice Recognition Arrives On the iPhone 4S |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2011/10/04/siri-voice-recognition-arrives-on-the-iphone-4s/ |website=MacRumors |date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Velazco |title=Apple Reveals Siri Voice Interface: The "Intelligent Assistant" Only For iPhone 4S |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/04/apple-reveals-siri-voice-interface-the-intelligent-assistant/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} After the announcement, Apple removed the existing standalone Siri app from App Store. TechCrunch wrote that, though the Siri app supports iPhone 4, its removal from App Store might also have had a financial aspect for the company, in providing an incentive for customers to upgrade devices.{{cite web |first=Greg |last=Kumparak |title=The Original Siri App Gets Pulled From The App Store, Servers To Be Killed |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/04/the-original-siri-app-gets-pulled-from-the-app-store-servers-killed/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} Third-party developer Steven Troughton-Smith, however, managed to port Siri to iPhone 4, though without being able to communicate with Apple's servers.{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Gurman |title=Siri voice command system ported from iPhone 4S to iPhone 4 (video) |url=https://9to5mac.com/2011/10/14/siri-voice-command-system-ported-from-iphone-4s-to-iphone-4-video/ |website=9to5Mac |date=October 14, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} A few days later, Troughton-Smith, working with an anonymous person nicknamed "Chpwn", managed to fully hack Siri, enabling its full functionalities on iPhone 4 and iPod Touch devices.{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Gurman |title=Siri hacked to fully run on the iPhone 4 and iPod touch, iPhone 4S vs iPhone 4 Siri showdown video (interview) |url=https://9to5mac.com/2011/10/29/siri-hacked-to-fully-run-on-the-iphone-4-and-ipod-touch-iphone-4s-vs-iphone-4-siri-showdown-video-interview/ |website=9to5Mac |date=October 29, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} Additionally, developers were also able to successfully create and distribute legal ports of Siri to any device capable of running iOS 5, though a proxy server was required for Apple server interaction.{{cite web |first=Sarah |last=Perez |title=Spire: A New Legal Siri Port For Any iOS 5 Device |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/12/27/spire-a-new-legal-siri-port-for-any-ios-5-device/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=December 27, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

File:Apple tv gen 4 remote.jpeg for the Apple TV]]

Over the years, Apple has expanded the line of officially supported products, including newer iPhone models,{{cite web |first=Rene |last=Ritchie |title=How to set up 'Hey Siri' on iPhone or iPad |url=https://www.imore.com/how-to-set-up-hey-siri-iphone-ipad |website=iMore |date=March 30, 2016 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} as well as iPad support in June 2012,{{cite web |first=Vlad |last=Savov |title=Siri in iOS 6: iPad support, app launcher, new languages, Eyes Free, Rotten Tomatoes, sports scores, and more |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/6/11/3077642/siri-update-ios-6 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=June 11, 2012 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} iPod Touch support in September 2012,{{cite web |first=Lance |last=Whitney |title=The new iPod Touch: A 4-inch screen, and Siri too |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/the-new-ipod-touch-a-4-inch-screen-and-siri-too/ |website=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=September 12, 2012 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} Apple TV support, and the stand-alone Siri Remote, in September 2015,{{cite web |first=Husain |last=Sumra |title=Apple Announces New Apple TV With Siri, App Store, New User Interface and Remote |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2015/09/09/apple-announces-fourth-gen-apple-tv/ |website=MacRumors |date=September 9, 2015 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} Mac and AirPods support in September 2016,{{cite web |first=Nick |last=Statt |title=Apple to release macOS Sierra on September 20th |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/7/12758218/apple-mac-os-sierra-update-release-date-announced |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=September 7, 2016 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Mitchel |last=Broussard |title=Apple Debuts Wireless 'AirPods' With 5 Hours of Music Playback |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2016/09/07/apple-wireless-airpods/ |website=MacRumors |date=September 7, 2016 |access-date=December 5, 2017}} and HomePod support in February 2018.{{cite web |first=Chaim |last=Gartenberg |title=Apple announces HomePod speaker to take on Sonos |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732144/apple-homepod-speaker-announced-siri-price-release-date-wwdc-2017 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/23/16922682/apple-homepod-release-date-announced-preorders |title=Apple will release its $349 HomePod speaker on February 9th |work=The Verge |access-date=2018-01-23}}

At the 2021 Worldwide Developers Conference, Apple announced that it would make Siri voice integration available in third party devices. Devices must be on the same wireless network as a HomePod or HomePod Mini to route requests.{{Cite web |last=Chin |first=Monica |date=2021-06-07 |title=Apple introduces Siri for third-party devices |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/7/22523045/apple-wwdc-siri-third-party-devices-ecobee-watch-tvos-tv |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}} In October 2021, the Ecobee SmartThermostat with Voice Control became the first third-party device with built-in Siri control.{{Cite web |last=Tuohy |first=Jennifer Pattison |date=2021-10-12 |title=“Hey Siri, where’s Alexa?” |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/12/22720890/siri-voice-control-ecobee-smart-thermostats |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}} In 2024, Denon added Siri control to select soundbars and smart speakers.{{Cite web |last=Tuohy |first=Jennifer Pattison |date=2024-05-13 |title=Denon adds Siri to its smart speakers |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/5/13/24155420/denon-apple-siri-voice-control-smart-speakers |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}

Apple offers a wide range of voice commands to interact with Siri, including, but not limited to:{{cite web |first1=Sarah Jacobsson |last1=Purewal |first2=Jason |last2=Cipriani |title=The complete list of Siri commands |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/the-complete-list-of-siri-commands/ |website=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=February 16, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

• Phone and text actions, such as "Call Sarah", "Read my new messages", "Set the timer for 10 minutes", and "Send email to mom"
• Check basic information, including "What's the weather like today?" and "How many dollars are in a euro?"
• Find basic facts, including "How many people live in France?" and "How tall is Mount Everest?". Siri usually uses Wikipedia to answer.{{cite web |title=Voice Assistants Alexa, Bixby, Google Assistant and Siri Rely on Wikipedia and Yelp to Answer Many Common Questions about Brands |date=July 11, 2019 |url=https://voicebot.ai/2019/07/11/voice-assistants-alexa-bixby-google-assistant-and-siri-rely-on-wikipedia-and-yelp-to-answer-many-common-questions-about-brands/ | access-date=October 22, 2021}}
• Schedule events and reminders, including "Schedule a meeting" and "Remind me to{{Nbsp|1}}..."
• Handle device settings, such as "Take a picture", "Turn off Wi-Fi", and "Increase the brightness"
• Search the Internet, including "Define{{nbsp}}...", "Find pictures of{{nbsp}}...", and "Search Twitter for{{nbsp}}..."
• Navigation, including "Take me home", "What's the traffic like on the way home?", and "Find driving directions to{{nbsp}}..."
• Translate words and phrases from English to a few languages, such as "How do I say where is the nearest hotel in French?"
• Entertainment, such as "What basketball games are on today?", "What are some movies playing near me?", and "What's the synopsis of{{nbsp}}...?"
• Engage with iOS-integrated apps, including "Pause Apple Music" and "Like this song"
• Handle payments through Apple Pay, such as "Apple Pay 25 dollars to Mike for concert tickets" or "Send 41 dollars to Ivana."
• Share ETA with others.{{Cite web |date=2021-02-22 |title=How to share your driving ETA on iPhone |url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/21/01/21/how-to-share-your-driving-eta-on-iphone |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=AppleInsider |language=en}}
• Jokes, "Hey Siri, knock knock."{{Cite web |last=Stables |first=James |date=2018-05-14 |title=99 funny things to ask Siri: All the best jokes, pop culture questions and Easter eggs |url=https://www.the-ambient.com/explainers/best-siri-easter-eggs-596/ |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=The Ambient |language=en-GB}}

Siri also offers numerous pre-programmed responses to amusing questions. Such questions include "What is the meaning of life?" to which Siri may reply "All evidence to date suggests it's chocolate"; "Why am I here?", to which it may reply "I don't know. Frankly, I've wondered that myself"; and "Will you marry me?", to which it may respond with "My End User Licensing Agreement does not cover marriage. My apologies."{{cite web |title=What's the Meaning of Life? Ask the iPhone 4S |url=https://www.foxnews.com/tech/whats-the-meaning-of-life-ask-the-iphone-4s/ |website=Fox News |publisher=Fox Entertainment Group |date=October 17, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Karen |last=Haslam |title=Funny things to ask Siri |url=http://www.macworld.co.uk/feature/iphone/funny-things-ask-siri-3656639/ |website=Macworld |publisher=International Data Group |date=May 22, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

Initially limited to female voices for most countries where Siri was supported, Apple announced in June 2013 that Siri would feature a gender option, adding a male voice counterpart. Notable exceptions are the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands; those countries were first limited to male voices, then would later get female voice counterparts. {{cite web |first=Samantha |last=Murphy |title=Siri Gets a Male Voice |url=http://mashable.com/2013/06/10/siri-gets-male-voice/ |website=Mashable |date=June 10, 2013 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

In September 2014, Apple added the ability for users to speak "Hey Siri" to summon the assistant without needing to hold the device.{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Cipriani |title=What you need to know about 'Hey, Siri' in iOS 8 |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/what-you-need-to-know-about-hey-siri-in-ios-8/ |website=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=September 18, 2014 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

In September 2015, the "Hey Siri" feature was updated to include individualized voice recognition, a presumed effort to prevent non-owner activation.{{cite web |first=Mitchel |last=Broussard |title=Apple's 'Hey Siri' Feature in iOS 9 Uses Individualized Voice Recognition |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2015/09/11/apples-hey-siri-feature-voice/ |website=MacRumors |date=September 11, 2015 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Kevin |last=Tofel |title=Apple adds individual voice recognition to "Hey Siri" in iOS 9 |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-adds-individual-voice-recognition-to-hey-siri-in-ios-9/ |website=ZDNet |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=September 11, 2015 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

With the announcement of iOS 10 in June 2016, Apple opened up limited third-party developer access to Siri through a dedicated application programming interface (API). The API restricts the usage of Siri to engaging with third-party messaging apps, payment apps, ride-sharing apps, and Internet calling apps.{{cite web |first=Husain |last=Sumra |title=Apple Opens Siri to Third-Party Developers With iOS 10 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2016/06/13/apple-siri-api-third-party-developers/ |website=MacRumors |date=June 13, 2016 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Nathan |last=Olivarez-Giles |title=Apple iOS 10 Opens Up Siri and Messages, Updates Music, Photos and More |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-ios-10-opens-up-siri-and-messages-updates-music-photos-and-more-1465851484 |website=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=Dow Jones & Company |date=June 13, 2016 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} {{subscription required}}

In iOS 11, Siri is able to handle follow-up questions, supports language translation, and opens up to more third-party actions, including task management.{{cite web |first=Lucas |last=Matney |title=Siri gets language translation and a more human voice |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/siri-gets-voice-translation-and-a-more-human-voice/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Chaim |last=Gartenberg |title=Siri on iOS 11 gets improved speech and can suggest actions based on how you use it |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732136/apple-siri-update-announced-new-features-wwdc-2017 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} Additionally, users are able to type to Siri,{{cite web |first=Sean |last=O'Kane |title=The 9 best iOS 11 features Apple didn't talk about onstage |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15742046/apple-ios-11-features-updates-siri-wwdc-2017 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} and a new, privacy-minded "on-device learning" technique improves Siri's suggestions by privately analyzing personal usage of different iOS applications.{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Welch |title=Apple announces iOS 11 with new features and better iPad productivity |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732070/apple-ios-11-announced-iphone-update-new-features-wwdc-2017 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

iOS 17 and iPadOS 17 allows users to simply say "Siri" to initiate Siri, and the virtual assistant now supports back to back requests, allowing users to issue multiple requests and conversations without reactivating it.{{cite web |title=iOS 17 Preview |url=https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-17-preview/ |website=Apple |date=June 5, 2023 |access-date=June 8, 2023}} In the public beta versions of iOS 17, iPadOS 17, and macOS Sonoma, Apple added support for bilingual queries to Siri.{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Ivan |date=2023-07-13 |title=Apple introduces bilingual Siri and a full page screenshot feature with iOS 17 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/07/12/apple-introduces-bilingual-siri-and-a-full-page-screenshot-feature-with-ios-17/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}

iOS 18, iPadOS 18 and MacOS 15 Sequoia brought artificial intelligence, integrated with ChatGPT, to Siri.{{Cite web |title=Apple Intelligence Preview |url=https://www.apple.com/apple-intelligence/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=Apple |language=en-US}} Apple calls this "Apple Intelligence".{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2024-06-10 |title=Apple is giving Siri an AI upgrade in iOS 18 |url=https://www.apple.com/apple-intelligence/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=The Verge |language=en}}

Siri received mixed reviews during its beta release as an integrated part of the iPhone 4S in October 2011.

MG Siegler of TechCrunch wrote that Siri was "great," understood much more, but had “no API that any developer can use“.{{cite web |first=MG |last=Siegler |title=The iPhone 4S: Faster, More Capable, And You Can Talk To It |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/11/iphone-4s-review/ |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2011 |access-date=2017-06-10}} Writing for The New York Times, David Pogue also praised Siri's ability to understand context{{cite news |first=David |last=Pogue |author-link=David Pogue |title=New iPhone Conceals Sheer Magic |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/12/technology/personaltech/iphone-4s-conceals-sheer-magic-pogue.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 11, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} Jacqui Cheng of Ars Technica wrote that Apple's claims of what Siri could do were bold, and the early demos "even bolder", this was still in beta.

While praising its ability to "decipher our casual language" and deliver "very specific and accurate result," sometimes even providing additional information, Cheng noted and criticized its restrictions, particularly when the language moved away from "stiffer commands" into more human interactions. One example included the phrase "Send a text to Jason, Clint, Sam, and Lee saying we're having dinner at Silver Cloud," which Siri interpreted as sending a message to Jason only, containing the text "Clint Sam and Lee saying we're having dinner at Silver Cloud." She also noted a lack of proper editability. {{cite web |first=Jacqui |last=Cheng |title=iPhone 4S: A Siri-ously slick, speedy smartphone |url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2011/10/iphone-4s-a-siri-ously-slick-speedy-smartphone/ |website=Ars Technica |publisher=Condé Nast |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=2017-06-10}}

Google's executive chairman and former chief, Eric Schmidt, conceded that Siri could pose a competitive threat to the company's core search business.{{cite news |first=Emma |last=Barnett |title=Google's Eric Schmidt: Apple's Siri could pose 'threat' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/eric-schmidt/8873664/Googles-Eric-Schmidt-Apples-Siri-could-pose-threat.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/eric-schmidt/8873664/Googles-Eric-Schmidt-Apples-Siri-could-pose-threat.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=The Daily Telegraph |date=November 7, 2011 |access-date=2017-06-10}}{{cbignore}}

Siri was criticized by pro-abortion rights organizations, including the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and NARAL Pro-Choice America, after users found that Siri could not provide information about the location of birth control or abortion providers nearby, sometimes directing users to crisis pregnancy centers instead.{{cite news |first=Dominic |last=Rushe |title=Siri's abortion bias embarrasses Apple as it rues 'unintentional omissions' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/dec/01/siri-abortion-apple-unintenional-omissions |newspaper=The Guardian |date=December 1, 2011 |access-date=2017-06-10}}{{cite magazine |first=Jared |last=Newman |title=Siri Is Pro-Life, Apple Blames a Glitch |url=https://techland.time.com/2011/12/01/siri-is-pro-life-apple-blames-a-glitch/ |magazine=Time |date=December 1, 2011 |access-date=2017-06-10}}{{cite web |first=John D. |last=Sutter |title=Siri can't direct you to an abortion clinic |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2011/12/01/tech/mobile/abortion-clinic-siri-iphone/ |website=CNN |date=December 1, 2011 |access-date=2017-06-10}}

Natalie Kerris, a spokeswoman for Apple, told The New York Times that , “These are not intentional omissions…”.{{cite web |first=Jenna |last=Wortham |title=Apple Says Siri's Abortion Answers Are a Glitch |url=https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/30/apple-says-siris-abortion-answers-are-a-glitch/ |website=Bits |publisher=The New York Times |date=November 30, 2011 |access-date=2017-06-10}} In January 2016, Fast Company reported that, in then-recent months, Siri had begun to confuse the word "abortion" with "adoption", citing "health experts" who stated that the situation had "gotten worse." However, at the time of Fast Company{{'}}s report, the situation had changed slightly, with Siri offering "a more comprehensive list of Planned Parenthood facilities", although "Adoption clinics continue to pop up, but near the bottom of the list."{{cite web |first=Christina |last=Farr |title=Apple Maps Stops Sending People Searching For "Abortion" To Adoption Centers |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3055887/apple-maps-stops-sending-people-searching-for-abortion-to-adoption-centers |website=Fast Company |publisher=Mansueto Ventures |date=January 28, 2016 |access-date=2017-06-10}}{{cite web |first=Mikey |last=Campbell |title=Apple correcting Siri "abortion" search issue uncovered in 2011 |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/16/01/29/apple-correcting-siri-abortion-search-issue-uncovered-in-2011 |website=AppleInsider |date=January 29, 2016 |access-date=2017-06-10}}

Siri has also not been well received by some English speakers with distinctive accents, including Scottish{{cite web |first=Henry |last=Chu |title=Scottish burr beyond Siri's recognition |url=http://www.theage.com.au/technology/technology-news/scottish-burr-beyond-siris-recognition-20120203-1qwuy.html |website=The Age |publisher=Fairfax Media |date=February 4, 2012 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} and Americans from Boston or the South.{{cite web |first=Lauren |last=Effron |title=iPhone 4S's Siri Is Lost in Translation With Heavy Accents |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/siri-lost-translation-heavy-accents/story?id=14834111 |website=ABC News |publisher=ABC |date=October 28, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}

In March 2012, Frank M. Fazio filed a class action lawsuit against Apple on behalf of the people who bought the iPhone 4S and felt misled about the capabilities of Siri, alleging its failure to function as depicted in Apple's Siri commercials. Fazio filed the lawsuit in California and claimed that the iPhone 4S was merely a "more expensive iPhone 4" if Siri fails to function as advertised.{{cite web |first=Meghan |last=Kelly |title=Siri ads "false and misleading," according to class action lawsuit |url=https://venturebeat.com/2012/03/13/siri-apple-law-suit/ |website=VentureBeat |date=March 13, 2012 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}{{cite web |first=Joe |last=Palazzolo |title=So Sirious: iPhone User Sues Apple over Voice-Activated Assistant |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2012/03/12/so-sirious-iphone-user-sues-apple-over-voice-activated-assistant/ |website=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=Dow Jones & Company |date=March 12, 2012 |access-date=June 10, 2017}} {{subscription required}} On July 22, 2013, U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken in San Francisco dismissed the suit but said the plaintiffs could amend at a later time. The reason given for dismissal was that plaintiffs did not sufficiently document enough misrepresentations by Apple for the trial to proceed.{{cite web |first=Rebekah |last=Kearn |title=Disgruntled iPhone 4S Buyers Told to Try Again |url=http://archive.courthousenews.com/cnsnews/Story/Index/59738 |website=Courthouse News Service |date=July 26, 2013 |access-date=June 10, 2017 |archive-date=June 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616100229/http://archive.courthousenews.com/cnsnews/Story/Index/59738 |url-status=dead }}

In June 2016, The Verge{{'}}s Sean O'Kane wrote about the then-upcoming major iOS 10 updates, with a headline stating "Siri's big upgrades won't matter if it can't understand its users":

What Apple didn't talk about was solving Siri's biggest, most basic flaws: it's still not very good at voice recognition, and when it gets it right, the results are often clunky. And these problems look even worse when you consider that Apple now has full-fledged competitors in this space: Amazon's Alexa, Microsoft's Cortana, and Google's Assistant.{{cite web |first=Sean |last=O'Kane |title=Siri's big upgrades won't matter if it can't understand its users |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/6/14/11925076/siri-apple-wwdc-ios-updates-voice-recognition |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=June 14, 2016 |access-date=2017-06-10}}

...{{nbsp}}perhaps the biggest disappointment among Apple's cloud-based services is the one it needs most today, right now: Siri. Before Apple bought it, Siri was on the road to being a robust digital assistant that could do many things, and integrate with many services—even though it was being built by a startup with limited funds and people. After Apple bought Siri, the giant company seemed to treat it as a backwater, restricting it to doing only a few, slowly increasing number of tasks, like telling you the weather, sports scores, movie and restaurant listings, and controlling the device's functions. Its unhappy founders have left Apple to build a new AI service called Viv. And, on too many occasions, Siri either gets things wrong, doesn't know the answer, or can't verbalize it. Instead, it shows you a web search result, even when you're not in a position to read it.

In October 2016, Bloomberg reported that Apple had plans to unify the teams behind its various cloud-based services, including a single campus and reorganized cloud computing resources aimed at improving the processing of Siri's queries,{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Gurman |title=Apple Said to Plan Improved Cloud Services by Unifying Teams |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-06/apple-is-said-to-plan-improved-cloud-services-by-unifying-teams |website=Bloomberg Technology |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=October 6, 2016 |access-date=2017-06-10}} although another report from The Verge, in June 2017, once again called Siri's voice recognition "bad."{{cite web |first=Sean |last=O'Kane |title=Apple still hasn't fixed Siri's biggest problem |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/7/15742936/apple-siri-problems-voice-recognition-wwdc-2017 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=2017-06-10}}

In June 2017, The Wall Street Journal published an extensive report on the lack of innovation with Siri following competitors' advancement in the field of voice assistants. Noting that Apple workers' anxiety levels "went up a notch" on the announcement of Amazon's Alexa, the Journal wrote: "Today, Apple is playing catch-up in a product category it invented, increasing worries about whether the technology giant has lost some of its innovation edge." The report gave the primary causes being Apple's prioritization of user privacy, including randomly-tagged six-month Siri searches, whereas Google and Amazon keep data until actively discarded by the user,{{clarify|date=December 2022}} and executive power struggles within Apple. Apple did not comment on the report, while Eddy Cue said: "Apple often uses generic data rather than user data to train its systems and has the ability to improve Siri's performance for individual users with information kept on their iPhones."{{cite web |first=Tripp |last=Mickle |title='I'm Not Sure I Understand'—How Apple's Siri Lost Her Mojo |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/apples-siri-once-an-original-now-struggles-to-be-heard-above-the-crowd-1496849095 |website=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=Dow Jones & Company |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=2017-06-10}} {{subscription required}}{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Hardwick |title=Apple's Concern With User Privacy Reportedly Stifling Siri Development |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/08/apple-struggling-to-develop-siri-privacy/ |website=MacRumors |date=June 8, 2017 |access-date=2017-06-10}}

In July 2019, a then-anonymous whistleblower and former Apple contractor Thomas le Bonniec said that Siri regularly records some of its users' conversations even when it was not activated. The recordings are sent to Apple contractors grading Siri's responses on a variety of factors. Among other things, the contractors regularly hear private conversations between doctors and patients, business and drug deals, and couples having sex. Apple did not disclose this in its privacy documentation and did not provide a way for its users to opt-in or out.{{Cite news|title=Apple contractors 'regularly hear confidential details' on Siri recordings|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jul/26/apple-contractors-regularly-hear-confidential-details-on-siri-recordings|date=July 26, 2019|last=Hern|first=Alex|work=The Guardian|access-date=May 12, 2021}}

File:How legendary is siri?.png

In August 2019, Apple apologized, halted the Siri grading program, and said that it plans to resume "later this fall when software updates are released to [its] users".{{Cite news|title=Apple apologises for allowing workers to listen to Siri recordings|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/aug/29/apple-apologises-listen-siri-recordings|date=August 29, 2019|last=Hern|first=Alex|work=The Guardian|access-date=May 12, 2021}} The company also announced "it would no longer listen to Siri recordings without your permission".{{Cite web |title=Smart Home Privacy Guide: Keep Amazon, Google and Apple From Listening In |url=https://www.cnet.com/home/smart-home/smart-home-privacy-guide-keep-amazon-google-and-apple-from-listening-in/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=CNET |language=en}} iOS 13.2, released in October 2019, introduced the ability to opt out of the grading program and to delete all the voice recordings that Apple has stored on its servers.{{Cite news|title=Apple lets users delete Siri recordings in new iPhone update after apologizing for handling of user data|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/28/ios-13point2-has-new-siri-privacy-settings-including-deletion-and-opt-out.html|date=October 28, 2019|last=Leswing|first=Kif|work=CNBC|access-date=May 12, 2021}} Users were given the choice of whether their audio data was received by Apple or not, with the ability to change their decision as often as they like. It was then made an opt-in program.

In May 2020, Thomas le Bonniec revealed himself as the whistleblower and sent a letter to European data protection regulators, calling on them to investigate Apple's "past and present" use of Siri recordings. He argued that, even though Apple has apologized, it has never faced the consequences for its years-long grading program.{{Cite news|title=Apple whistleblower goes public over 'lack of action'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/may/20/apple-whistleblower-goes-public-over-lack-of-action|date=May 20, 2020|last=Hern|first=Alex|work=The Guardian|access-date=May 12, 2021}}{{Cite news|title=Apple whistleblower calls for European privacy probes into Big Tech voice assistants|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/20/apple-whistleblower-europe-big-tech-272771|date=May 20, 2020|last=Kayali|first=Laura|work=Politico|access-date=May 12, 2021}}

In December 2024, Apple agreed to a $95 million class-action settlement, compensating users of Siri-enabled from the past ten years. Additionally, Apple must confirm the deletion of Siri recordings before 2019 (when the feature became opt-in) and issue new guidance on how data is collected and how users can participate in efforts to improve Siri.{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Chris |date=2025-01-03 |title=Users in uproar over spying as Apple buries 'unintended Siri activation' claims with $95M settlement |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/apple-unintended-siri-activation-claims-95m-settlement/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=Android Police |language=en}}

Apple has introduced various accessibility features aimed at making its devices more inclusive for individuals with disabilities. The company provides users the opportunity to share feedback on accessibility features through email.{{Cite web |date=2024-02-06 |title=How I influenced Apple's Siri updates and what other accessibility features I'm hoping for in 2024 |url=https://www.aestumanda.com/technology/2024/02/how-i-influenced-apples-siri-updates-and-what-other-accessibility-features-im-hoping-for-in-2024/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Aestumanda |language=en-GB}} Some of the new functionalities include live speech, personal voice, Siri's atypical speech pattern recognition, and much more.{{Cite web |title=Get started with accessibility features on iPhone |url=https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/get-started-with-accessibility-features-iph3e2e4367/ios |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}

Accessibility features:

• VoiceOver: This feature provides visual feedback for Siri responses, allowing users to engage with Siri through both visual and auditory channels.{{Cite web |last=Associates |first=Specialty Physician |date=2024-02-05 |title=Best Ways to Use Siri if You Have Hearing Loss |url=https://specialtyphysicianassociates.com/news/best-ways-to-use-siri-if-you-have-hearing-loss/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Specialty Physician Associates |language=en-US}}
• Voice-to-text and text-to-voice: Siri can transcribe spoken words into and text as well as read text typed by the user out loud.{{Cite web |last=audseo |date=2024-06-06 |title=Hearing Loss and the Use of Siri |url=https://toumahearing.com/hearing-loss-and-using-siri/#:~:text=There%20are%20several%20ways%20in%20which%20Siri,to%20follow%20conversations%20or%20understand%20phone%20calls. |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Touma Hearing Centers |language=en-US}}
• Text commands: Users can type what they want Siri to do.{{Cite web |title=Change Siri accessibility settings on iPhone |url=https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/change-siri-accessibility-settings-iphaff1d606/ios#:~:text=Type%20instead%20of%20speak%20to,this%20option%20isn't%20shown. |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}
• Personal voice: This allows users to create a synthesized voice that sounds like them.{{Cite web |title=Create a Personal Voice on your iPhone, iPad, or Mac |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/104993 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}

Siri, like many AI systems, can perpetuate gender and racial biases through its design and functionality. According to an article from The Conversation, Siri "reinforces the role of women as secondary and submissive to men" due to the fact that the default is a soft, female voice.{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Rachel |date=2019-09-22 |title=Artificial Intelligence has a gender bias problem – just ask Siri |url=https://theconversation.com/artificial-intelligence-has-a-gender-bias-problem-just-ask-siri-123937 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}} Although Apple now offers a larger variety of voices with different accents and languages, this original narrative perpetuates the idea of women servicing men. Not only this but the article also explains how different settings of Siri's voice result in different responses, specifically the female voice being programmed with more flirtatious statements than the male voice. Additionally, Siri may misinterpret certain accents or dialects, particularly those spoken by people from marginalized racial or ethnic backgrounds, making it less accessible to these groups. According to an article from The Scientific American, Claudia Lloreda explains that non-native English speakers have to "adapt our way of speaking to interact with speech-recognition technologies."{{Cite web |last=Stephanides |first=Kathy |date=December 1, 2023 |title=My Siri-ous Relationship: a Blind Woman's Connection to her Virtual Assistant |url=https://medium.com/illumination/my-relationship-with-siri-as-a-blind-woman-614d6489eeb4 |website=Medium}} Furthermore, due to repetitive "learnings" from a larger user base, Siri may unintentionally produce a Western perspective, limiting representation and furthering biases in everyday interactions. Despite these perpetuated issues, Siri does not provides several benefits as well, especially for those with disabilities that typically limit their abilities to use technology and access the internet.

The iOS version of Siri ships with a vulgar content filter; however, it is disabled by default and must be enabled by the user manually.{{cite news |url=http://osxdaily.com/2017/12/28/disable-explicit-language-siri-ios/ |title=How to Disable Bad Language in Siri on iPhone and iPad |date=2017-12-28 |work=OS X Daily |access-date=2018-05-05 |language=en-US}}

In 2018, Ars Technica reported a new glitch that could be exploited by a user requesting the definition of "mother" be read out loud. Siri would issue a response and ask the user if they would like to hear the next definition; when the user replies with "yes," Siri would mention "mother" as being short for "motherfucker."{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/04/iphones-weirdest-glitch-yet-ask-siri-to-define-mother-twice-learn-a-bad-word/ |title=iPhone's weirdest glitch yet: Ask Siri to define 'mother' twice, learn a bad word |work=Ars Technica |access-date=2018-04-29 |language=en-us}} This resulted in multiple YouTube videos featuring the responses and/or how to trigger them. Apple fixed the issue silently. The content is picked up from third-party sources such as the Oxford English Dictionary and not a supplied message from the corporation.{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/tech/apple-iphone-siri-mother-caught-cursing-on-an-fixes-the-bug-silently-1734967.html |title=Siri Caught Cursing on an iPhone; Apple Fixes the Bug Silently |publisher=News18 |access-date=2018-05-05}}

Siri provided the voice of 'Puter in The Lego Batman Movie.{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/comic-riffs/wp/2017/02/17/hello-siri-please-tell-us-about-your-feature-film-debut-in-lego-batman-movie/?noredirect=on|title=Hello, Siri. Please tell us about your feature-film debut in 'Lego Batman Movie' …|last=Cavna|first=Michael|newspaper=Washington Post|date=February 17, 2017|access-date=June 27, 2019}}

• List of speech recognition software
• Amazon Alexa

{{Reflist}}

• For a detailed article on the history of the organizations and technologies preceding the development of Siri, and their influence upon that application, see Bianca Bosker, 2013, "[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/22/siri-do-engine-apple-iphone_n_2499165.html Siri Rising: The Inside Story Of Siri's Origins (And Why She Could Overshadow The iPhone)]", in The Huffington Post (online), January 22, 2013 (updated January 24, 2013), accessed November 2, 2014.

• {{Official website}}
• [https://www.apple.com/ios/feature-availability/#siri Siri's supported languages]
• [https://developer.apple.com/sirikit/ SiriKit, Siri for developers]
• {{Cite web |url=https://wit.ai/blog/2014/12/18/adam-keynote |title=The Story of Siri, by its founder Adam Cheyer |publisher=wit.ai |access-date=2015-10-30 |date=2014-12-18}}

{{Apple Inc.}}

{{Intelligent personal assistant software}}

{{iOS}}

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