Anwar Shaul
{{Short description|Iraqi-Israeli journalist and author (1904–1984)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anwar Shaul
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|he|{{Script/Hebrew|אנואר שאול}}|rtl=yes}}
{{lang|ar|{{Script/Arabic|أنور شاؤول}}|rtl=yes}}}}
| native_name_lang = he
| image = Anwar_Shaul.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1904
| birth_place = Hillah, Ottoman Empire (now Iraq)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1984|1904}}
| death_place = Israel
| nationality = Israeli
| other_names =
| occupation = {{hlist|Journalist|author|poet}}
| employer =
| years_active = 1924–1984
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| alma_mater =
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=January 2024}}
Anwar Shaul ({{Langx|he|אנואר שאול}}; {{Langx|ar|أنور شاؤول}}; 1904–1984) was an Iraqi-Israeli journalist, publisher, author, translator, and poet.
Early life and education
Shaul was born in Hillah to a family of Iraqi Jews. He was of Mizrahi descent on his father's side (Iraqi-Jewish) and of second-generation Ashkenazi descent on his mother's side (Austrian-Jewish).{{Cite book|title=A bibliography of Australasian Judaica 1788-2008|last=Liberman|first=Serge|date=2011|publisher=Hybrid Publishers|isbn=9781921665172|oclc=668398875}}{{Cite journal|last=Snir|first=Reuven|date=2010-10-01|title=Shā'ūl, Anwar|url=http://staging.referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world/shaul-anwar-COM_0020040|journal=Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World|language=en}} He originally trained as a lawyer at the Baghdad Law College, graduating in 1931.{{Cite book|url=http://www.imarawatijara.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Whos-Who-Iraq-Directory-1936.pdf|title=The Who's Who of Iraq|last=|first=|publisher=|year=1936|isbn=|location=|pages=}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.net/home/Getpage/787157c4-0c60-402b-b997-1784ea612f0c/24cf1f3b-aa27-4ba4-bcf7-2f4ce62c33d7|title=أنور شاؤول|website=www.aljazeera.net|language=ar|access-date=2019-01-16}}
Career
Shaul served as editor of the Iraqi Zionist journal {{Transliteration|ar|Al-Miṣbāḥ}} ({{Lang|he|אל-מצבאח|rtl=yes}}; {{Lang|ar|المصباح|rtl=yes}}) from 1924 to 1925.{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shaul-shaool-anwar|title=Shaul (Shaool), Anwar {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2019-01-16}} In his contributions to the publication, he wrote under the pseudonym "Ibn al-Samaw'al" in an allusion to the 6th-century Arabian-Jewish poet Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya.{{Cite web|url=http://lecturers.haifa.ac.il/en/hcc/rsnir/Documents/JAOS.Religion%20is%20for%20God.pdf|title="Religion is for God, the Fatherland is for Everyone": Arab-Jewish Writers in Modern Iraq and the Clash of Narratives after Their Immigration to Israel|last=Snir|first=Reuven|website=Haifa University}}
From 1929 to 1938, Shaul founded and worked as an editor for {{Transliteration|ar|Al-Hassid}} ({{Lang|ar|الحاصد}} {{Literal translation|The Reaper}}), a weekly literary magazine. It featured significant political commentary; mixing harsh criticism of European fascism and advocacy for both Iraqi nationalism and complete political independence from the British Empire.{{Cite journal|title=Censorship and the Jews of Baghdad: Reading between the lines in the case of E. Levy|journal = The Journal of the Middle East and Africa|volume = 7|issue = 3|pages = 283–300|last=Goldstein-Sabbah|first=Sasha|date=November 2016|doi=10.1080/21520844.2016.1227927|doi-access=free|hdl=1887/73973|hdl-access=free}}{{Cite book|title=In Ishmael's house: a history of Jews in Muslim lands|last=Gilbert|first=Martin|date=2011|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=9780300177985|location=|pages=154|oclc=805947788}}{{Cite book|title=The Jewish Journal of Sociology|last=Ginsberg|first=Morris|publisher=World Jewish Congress|year=1959|isbn=|volume=1|issue=2|location=|pages=}} Under his editorial leadership, {{Transliteration|ar|Al-Hassid}} became the foremost weekly magazine in Baghdad.{{Cite web|url=https://www.sephardichorizons.org/Volume1/Issue4/arabic.html|title=Sephardic Horizons|website=www.sephardichorizons.org|access-date=2019-01-16}}
In addition to his publication of periodicals, Shaul published a number of longer works, including memoirs, translations of Western literature into Arabic, as well as anthologies of short stories and Arabic poetry.{{Cite web|url=http://www.dangoor.com/issue76/articles/76060.htm|title=Prominent Iraqi Jews of recent times|last=Basri|first=Meer|website=www.dangoor.com|access-date=2019-01-16}}
= Immigration to Israel =
In 1971, Shaul, who had long been resistant to emigrating despite intensive state-sponsored antisemitism in Iraq, reluctantly made aliyah. He continued to live in Israel until his death in 1984.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxB-BgAAQBAJ&dq=anwar+shaul+death&pg=PA83|title=Multiculturalism in Israel: Literary Perspectives|last=Mendelson Maoz|first=Adia|date=2014|publisher=Purdue University Press|isbn=9781557536808|language=en}}
References
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Category:Translators to Arabic
Category:Hebrew-language writers
Category:20th-century Iraqi writers
Category:20th-century translators
Category:Israeli people of Austrian-Jewish descent
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