Anyang

{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2022}}

File:HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg Houmuwu ding bronze artifact unearthed at Anyang.]]

Xiaonanhai, on the far western edge of the city, was home to prehistoric cavemen during the Stone Age. Over 7,000 artifacts (including stone tools and animal bone fossils) have been unearthed here, representing what has been dubbed the Xiaonanhai culture.{{Cite web |title=国家地理 |url=https://www.cctv.com/geography/mfms/20011112/26.html |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=www.cctv.com}}{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

Around 2000 BC, the legendary sage-kings Zhuanxu and Emperor Ku are said to have established their capitals in the area around modern Anyang from where they ruled their kingdoms. Today their mausoleums are situated in Sanyang village south of Neihuang County.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

At the beginning of the 14th century BC, King Pangeng of the Shang dynasty established his capital {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} north of the modern city on the banks of the Huan River.{{Cite web |title=Anyang: China's Ancient City of Kings |url=https://asia.si.edu/whats-on/exhibitions/anyang-chinas-ancient-city-of-kings/ |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=National Museum of Asian Art |language=en-US}} The city, known as Yin, was the first stable capital in Chinese history and from that point on the dynasty that founded it would also become known as the Yin dynasty.{{Cite web |last=刘珊 |title="中国新地标"走进殷墟 看中华文明从历史中演化创造、于传承中生生不息 |url=https://news.cctv.com/2024/09/19/ARTI9QIkdHhEqwGxgyD2Qogv240919.shtml |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=news.cctv.com}}

The capital served 12 kings in 8 generations including Wu Ding, under whom the dynasty reached the zenith of its power, until it was wiped out along with the dynasty that was founded by King Wu of the Zhou in 1046 BC.

Anyang was made the county seat of Anyang County {{circa}} 607 CE and it has held that position ever since.{{cite book|last=Xiong |first=Victor Cunrui |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UD8Nvn7Ca18C |title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval China |series=Historical Dictionaries of Ancient Civilizations and Historical Eras, No. 19 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |date=2009 |isbn=9780810860537 }}{{rp|46}}

Anyang's Tangyin County{{Cite web |title="安阳：中国古代王城"展在美国华盛顿举行-新华网 |url=http://www.news.cn/culture/20240313/bf0dc498cceb4a95a29b754eacf1873f/c.html?page=1 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=www.news.cn}} was the ancient seat of Yue Village, the birthplace of the famous Song dynasty general, Yue Fei. This was also the historic home of Zhou Tong, Yue's military arts tutor (though fictional sources place him in Shaanxi).

File:PRC-1949-Pingyuan-map.png (1949–52) of which Anyang was a part]]

The town was known as Zhangde ({{lang|zh|彰德}}) until 1912, when it was given its present name of Anyang,{{Cite web |title=Anyang Information, Anyang Overview, Anyang Guide, China Guide. |url=https://www.visitourchina.com/anyang/intro.html |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=www.visitourchina.com}} following the establishment of the Republic of China.

In August 1949, Anyang prefecture was detached from Henan and{{spaced ndash}}along with Puyang and Xinxiang{{spaced ndash}}consigned to the short lived experimental province of Pingyuan by the ruling Communist government. All three were eventually returned to Henan's territory in November 1953, with the dissolution of Pingyuan.

{{expand section|date=May 2013}}

Anyang spans a total area of {{convert|7355|km2}}. The city's elevation is generally higher in the west, with the foothills of the Taihang Mountains running through the area, and lower in the east, which comprises part of the North China Plain.{{Cite web |date=2021-12-13 |title= |script-title=zh:安阳概貌 |trans-title=Anyang overview |url=https://www.anyang.gov.cn/2020/06-22/1962270.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125175849/https://www.anyang.gov.cn/2020/06-22/1962270.html |archive-date=2022-11-25 |access-date=2022-11-25 |publisher=Anyang Municipal People's Government |language=zh}}

Anyang has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate/semi-arid climate (Köppen Dwa/BSk).[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png Updated Asian Map of the Köppen climate classification system.] Winters are cold and very dry, with a January 24-hour average of {{convert|−0.8|°C|1}}. Summers are hot and humid, with July averaging {{convert|27.2|°C|1}}. A majority of the annual precipitation of {{convert|552|mm|in|abbr=on}} falls in July and August alone, and the annual mean temperature is {{convert|14.28|°C|1}}. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 43% in July to 58% in May, the city receives 2,225 hours of bright sunshine annually, with April to June the sunniest period. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|−21.7|°C|0}} to {{convert|43.2|°C|0}}.{{cite web |url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do |language=zh-cn |script-title=zh:中国气象科学数据共享服务网 |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |access-date=February 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302053152/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do |archive-date=March 2, 2015 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.dahe.cn/xwzx/csxw/ay/t20090626_1589231.htm |language=zh-cn |script-title=zh:安阳高烧43.2°C 市民无处话清凉 |website=dahe.cn |access-date=2014-02-25 |archive-date=2017-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627130814/http://www.dahe.cn/xwzx/csxw/ay/t20090626_1589231.htm |url-status=dead }} There are more northerly winds in winter, while southerly winds dominate in summer.{{Cite web |title=安阳 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 |url=https://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101180201.shtml |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=www.weather.com.cn}}

{{Weather box

|location = Anyang, elevation {{convert|63|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2010)

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|Jan high C = 4.2

|Feb high C = 8.8

|Mar high C = 14.4

|Apr high C = 21.4

|May high C = 26.9

|Jun high C = 32.3

|Jul high C = 32.0

|Aug high C = 30.4

|Sep high C = 26.9

|Oct high C = 21.5

|Nov high C = 12.9

|Dec high C = 6.0

|Jan mean C = -1.2

|Feb mean C = 3.0

|Mar mean C = 8.5

|Apr mean C = 15.4

|May mean C = 21.1

|Jun mean C = 26.2

|Jul mean C = 27.3

|Aug mean C = 25.7

|Sep mean C = 21.2

|Oct mean C = 15.2

|Nov mean C = 7.0

|Dec mean C = 0.7

|Jan low C = -5.3

|Feb low C = -1.7

|Mar low C = 3.3

|Apr low C = 9.7

|May low C = 15.4

|Jun low C = 20.4

|Jul low C = 23.1

|Aug low C = 21.9

|Sep low C = 16.6

|Oct low C = 10.2

|Nov low C = 2.4

|Dec low C = -3.3

|Jan record high C= 20.7

|Feb record high C= 27.2

|Mar record high C= 31.3

|Apr record high C= 37.0

|May record high C= 39.5

|Jun record high C= 43.2

|Jul record high C= 41.8

|Aug record high C= 39.5

|Sep record high C= 39.3

|Oct record high C= 34.6

|Nov record high C= 27.7

|Dec record high C= 26.3

|Jan record low C = −21.7

|Feb record low C = −16.7

|Mar record low C = −10.1

|Apr record low C = −2.7

|May record low C = 5.5

|Jun record low C = 10.2

|Jul record low C = 15.8

|Aug record low C = 11.6

|Sep record low C = 5.5

|Oct record low C = −1.4

|Nov record low C = −11.4

|Dec record low C = −18.1

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 5.2

|Feb precipitation mm = 8.8

|Mar precipitation mm = 15.4

|Apr precipitation mm = 26.0

|May precipitation mm = 40.2

|Jun precipitation mm = 59.9

|Jul precipitation mm = 162.2

|Aug precipitation mm = 118.5

|Sep precipitation mm = 59.9

|Oct precipitation mm = 27.2

|Nov precipitation mm = 18.9

|Dec precipitation mm = 5.6

|Jan humidity = 61

|Feb humidity = 58

|Mar humidity = 57

|Apr humidity = 60

|May humidity = 64

|Jun humidity = 61

|Jul humidity = 77

|Aug humidity = 80

|Sep humidity = 74

|Oct humidity = 67

|Nov humidity = 67

|Dec humidity = 65

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 3.0

|Feb precipitation days = 3.3

|Mar precipitation days = 3.7

|Apr precipitation days = 4.9

|May precipitation days = 6.7

|Jun precipitation days = 7.7

|Jul precipitation days = 11.2

|Aug precipitation days = 8.9

|Sep precipitation days = 7.6

|Oct precipitation days = 5.3

|Nov precipitation days = 4.1

|Dec precipitation days = 2.7

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 111.0

|Feb sun = 130.4

|Mar sun = 174.9

|Apr sun = 207.7

|May sun = 227.8

|Jun sun = 204.7

|Jul sun = 168.9

|Aug sun = 174.8

|Sep sun = 157.8

|Oct sun = 156.0

|Nov sun = 133.9

|Dec sun = 113.1

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 36

| Feb percentsun = 42

| Mar percentsun = 47

| Apr percentsun = 53

| May percentsun = 52

| Jun percentsun = 47

| Jul percentsun = 38

| Aug percentsun = 42

| Sep percentsun = 43

| Oct percentsun = 45

| Nov percentsun = 44

| Dec percentsun = 38

| year percentsun =

|Jan snow days = 3.4

|Feb snow days = 3.2

|Mar snow days = 1.5

|Apr snow days = 0.3

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0

|Nov snow days = 1.5

|Dec snow days = 2.9

|year snow days =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=12 August 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =12 August 2023 |title=Experience Template }}

{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21

}}

}}

The prefecture-level city of Anyang administers 10 county-level administrative divisions, including 4 districts, 1 county-level city, and 4 counties. These, in turn, administer 46 subdistricts, 66 towns, and 23 townships, which then administer 302 residential communities and 2,979 administrative villages.

• Beiguan District
• Wenfeng District
• Yindu District
• Long'an District
• Linzhou City
• Anyang County
• Tangyin County
• Hua County
• Neihuang County

Per the 2020 Chinese Census, Anyang has a population of 5.48 million people. The overwhelming majority of the city's population is ethnically Han Chinese, with ethnic minorities constituting a population of around 10,000 people. 43 different ethnic minorities live in the city, with prominent ethnic minority communities including the Hui, Mongols, Manchus, Zhuang, Miao, Tibetans, and the Yi.

Anyang is a largely industrial city, with major industries including the production of metals such as iron and steel, coal coking, and clothing production.{{Cite web |date=2021-06-11 |title= |script-title=zh:经济转型发展 |trans-title=Economic transformation and development |url=https://www.anyang.gov.cn/2021/06-11/2158627.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125173921/https://www.anyang.gov.cn/2021/06-11/2158627.html |archive-date=2022-11-25 |access-date=2022-11-25 |publisher=Anyang Municipal People's Government |language=zh}} Major Chinese steel producer Shagang Group has operations in Anyang. Major mineral reserves in Anyang include dolomite, potassium-bearing shale, nepheline syenite, quartzite, limestone, and clay.

The city's total gross domestic product (GDP) totaled 243.55 billion renminbi (RMB) as of 2021, a 5% increase from the prior year.{{Cite web |date=2022-07-27 |title= |script-title=zh:经济实力 |trans-title=Economic strength |url=https://www.anyang.gov.cn/2022/07-27/2353665.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125173942/https://www.anyang.gov.cn/2022/07-27/2353665.html |archive-date=2022-11-25 |access-date=2022-11-25 |publisher=Anyang Municipal People's Government |language=zh}} Anyang's primary sector comprised 9.7% of the city's GDP, the secondary sector comprised 43.7%, and the tertiary sector comprised 46.6%.

The per capita disposable income in Anyang totaled 27,365 RMB as of 2021, an increase of 7.2% from 2020. The per capita disposable income of Anyang's urban residents was 37,464 RMB, a 6% annual increase, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 18,424 RMB, an 8.4% annual increase.

Sixteen foreign-funded enterprises (joint ventures, cooperative enterprises, and wholly foreign-owned enterprises) have been established in Anyang.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}} Recently, Anyang has established an economic and technological development zone covering a total area of {{convert|22.8|km2|abbr=on}}, and issued a series of preferential policies to attract many domestic Chinese and foreign businesses.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}}

The Anyang Hongqiqu Airport opened on November 29, 2023.{{cite web | url=https://hn.cri.cn/20231130/a099d5c3-fc07-2c36-a7d8-b1caa1ef75f9.html | title="飞翔之城"插上腾飞之翼 安阳红旗渠机场正式通航-国际在线 }} Anyang Hongqiqu Airport is located in the junction area of Anyang, Puyang and Hebi cities, covering an area of approximately 2,339 acres. The total project investment is 1.366 billion yuan. It is positioned as a domestic civil regional airport with a flight area level of 4C.{{Cite web |title=官宣！以安阳红旗渠机场（汤阴）通航为新起点：扩展航线！优化服务！提升体验！ |url=http://www.tangyin.gov.cn/sitesources/tyweb/page_pc/zwgk/zwdt/tzgg/articlea217bc39f85d4d198f7dac9be296815d.html |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=www.tangyin.gov.cn}} The opening of the airport will directly serve the air travel of 11.6 million people in the three cities in northern Henan, and radiate about 60 million people within 150 kilometers of eastern Shanxi, southern Hebei and southwestern Shandong.

Image:Wzbwg3.png

Anyang city is an ancient city with a history of over 3,000 years and is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China, and also one of the best preserved. It is one of the key birthplaces of Chinese ancient culture. At the same time, it is a national historical and cultural city, the hometown of Oracle, the birthplace of the Book of Changes, the birthplace of the spirit of the Red Flag Canal, and the location of the world cultural heritage Yin Ruins, Cao Cao's Gaoling, and the Museum of Chinese Characters.{{Cite web |title=古都安阳正青春（焕新之旅） |url=http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2023-09/15/content_26017261.htm |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=paper.people.com.cn}} Here are the primitive caves of 25,000 years ago, the overlapping strata of the Yangshao Culture, Longshan Culture and Xiaotun Culture, the memorial mausoleums of ancient Emperor Zhuanxu and Emperor Ku over 4,000 years ago, the first library of inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, the Soul Spring Temple, known as the "First Ancient Buddhist Temple in Henan", and 10,000-Buddha Ravine, as well as unique Wenfeng Pagoda, Xiuding Temple Pagoda and Mingfu Temple Pagoda. The city has three large museums: the Anyang Museum, the National Museum of Chinese Writing, and the Yinxu Museum on the ruins and royal tombs of the Shang dynasty. Anyang also has beautiful natural scenery—the Taihang Linlu Hill Scenic Area on the 400-km Taihang Mountains and the grand 1,500-km Red Flag Canal.

Image:Tianning Temple.JPG

Changchun Temple, a Taoist shrine, was built on the hillside of the mountains surrounding it during the Tang dynasty. It was officially opened to the public on 1 May 2014, after a period of cautious restoration.

Tianning Si (Mansion Temple) was established during the Tang dynasty, and has recently been restored by the Protection and Research Institute of Ancient Architecture of Anyang City, and opened to the public. The main structures within the temple compound include: the gate house, the three-room (8.4 m x 14 m) Hall of the Heavenly King with hanging-eaves over the gables rebuilt in 2002,{{cite news | title = Hall of the Heavenly King | publisher = Tianning Temple | quote = The Hall, an architecture of hanging-eaves over the gables, has a space of 3 rooms with a length of 14m, a width of 8.4m and a height of 9.6m. It was designed and rebuilt on the site by the Protection and Research Institute of Ancient Architecture of Anyang City in 2002. }} the slightly larger Precious Hall of the Great Hero (17.8 m x 11.65 m) with single-eave gabled roof originally from the Qing dynasty and rebuilt in 2001,{{cite news | title = Precious Hall of the Great Hero | publisher = Tianning Temple | quote = The Precious Hall of the Great Hero, Tianning Temple, The Precious Hall of the Great Hero, as architecture of single-eave and gabled roof, is 11.65 m long and 17.8 m wide. Rebuilt in the 25th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, it was thoroughly restored by the Protection and Research Institute of Ancient Architecture of Anyang City in 2001. }} and the Wenfeng Pagoda.

Wenfeng Ta (Literature Peak Pagoda) on the grounds of the Tianning Temple is believed to have been constructed in 925 and is known, from inscriptions concerning the reconstruction of the temple, to have been in place by 952. The current pagoda was constructed during the Ming dynasty and received its current name during the Qing dynasty due to its proximity to the Confucian temple. The five-story dark red brick octagonal tower is 38.65m high and is, unusually, larger at the top than the bottom and is topped with a 10-metre Lamaist stupa-style dagoba steeple. The pagoda stands on a two-metre-high stone pedestal and is decorated with multi-eave pent roofs and carvings of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. The unique pagoda is the symbol of Anyang.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

{{Main|Yinxu}}

Image:Yinxu.jpg

Located about {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} northwest of Anyang are the ruins of the Shang dynasty capital known as Yin. This massive archaeological site was discovered in 1899, excavated in the decades that followed, and first opened to the public in the 1980s as the Garden Museum of Yinxu. The current Yinxu museum was opened on 16 March 2005, and includes the famous Tomb of Fu Hao.

The site was later designated a UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2006.

• List of twin towns and sister cities in China
• Historical capitals of China
• History of the political divisions of China

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Wikivoyage|Anyang}}

{{Commons category|Anyang, Henan|Anyang}}

• [http://www.anyang.gov.cn Government website of Anyang] (in Simplified Chinese)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20101109122944/http://wqb.anyang.cn/ Official website of Anyang Foreign and Overseas Affairs Office] (in Simplified Chinese)

{{Henan topics}}

{{Henan}}

{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Henan

Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Henan

Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City