Arandic languages#Proto-language

• Upper Arrernte (or just Arrernte) dialect cluster, with five or six main dialects, with the most dominant being Central or Eastern Arrernte, which is spoken in and around Alice Springs (Mparntwe) itself.
• Lower Arrernte, also known as Alenjerrntarpe and Lower Southern Arrernte, was spoken by the people around the Finke River area, but it is now extinct. The last speaker was Brownie Doolan, from whom Gavan Breen managed to write up a dictionary of roughly 1000 words.{{sfn|Kearney|2007}} According to AIATSIS, this was a clearly distinct language.
• Pertame, also known as Southern Arrernte, is from the country south of Alice Springs, along the Finke River, north and north-west of the location of speakers of Lower Arrernte.{{sfn|Lower Arrernte}} With only 20 fluent speakers left by 2018,{{sfn|To save a dying language|2018}} the Pertame Project is seeking to retain and revive the language, headed by Pertame elder Christobel Swan.{{sfn|Pertame Project}} Renowned artist Erlikilyika (Jim Kite) was a Pertame speaker. Ethnologue classes Pertame as a variant name for Lower Southern, but other sources vary in their classifications and descriptions of this language.
• Kaytetye, spoken near Barrow Creek and Tennant Creek by the Kaytetye people,{{cite book|chapter=Chapter 4: The wonders of Arandic phonology|first=Gavan|last=Breen| date=2001|title=Forty years on: Ken Hale and Australian languages|editor1-last=Simpson|editor1-first=Jane|editor2-first=David|editor2-last=Nash|editor3-first=Mary|editor3-last=Laughren|editor4-first=Peter|editor4-last=Austin|editor5-first=Barry |editor5-last=Alpher|publisher=ANU. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. (Pacific Linguistics)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43456489|format=pdf|series=Pacific Linguistics 512|isbn=085883524X|pages=45–69}} had only 120 speakers in the 2016 census, and the number has been decreasing.{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/gbb|website=Ethnologue|title=Kaytetye|access-date=10 June 2019}}

There are differing opinions as to which are dialects and which separate languages, among linguists and among the Arrernte people themselves.

• Koch (2004) only distinguished two dialects, Upper Arrernte and Katetye.
• Glottolog defines the Arandic group as comprising five Aranda (also known as Arrernte)Note:"Aranda" is a simplified, Australian English approximation of the traditional pronunciation of the name of Arrernte {{IPA|aus|ˈarəɳ͡ɖa |}}.({{Cite web| title = Have you ever wondered why Arrernte is spelt the way it is? | last = Turpin | first = Myfany | publisher = Central Land Council | url = https://www.clc.org.au/index.php?/articles/info/have-you-ever-wondered-why-arrernte-is-spelt-the-way-it-is/

| date = August 2004|access-date=15 June 2019}}) dialects, plus two distinct languages, Kaytetye (Koch, 2006) and Lower Southern (or just Lower) Aranda, an extinct language.{{cite web|website=Glottolog|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/aran1267|title=Arandic|access-date=11 June 2019}}

• Ethnologue defines eight Arandic languages and classifies them slightly differently.{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/arandic|website=Ethnologue|title=Arandic|access-date=11 June 2019}}

==Proto-language==

{{Infobox proto-language

| name = Proto-Arandic

| familycolor = Australian

| ancestor = Proto-Pama–Nyungan

| target = Arandic languages

}}

Proto-Arandic and Pre-Arandic reconstructions from Koch (2004):Koch, Harold (2004). "The Arandic subgroup of Australian languages". In Claire Bowern & Harold Koch, eds., Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method. John Benjamins Publishing Company. {{doi|10.1075/cilt.249.10koc}}

:

:

:

:

{{reflist}}

• {{cite news |first=Simon |last=Kearney |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/another-language-faces-sunset-in-dead-centre/story-e6frg6po-1111114459448 |title=Another language faces sunset in dead centre |newspaper=The Australian |date=20 September 2007|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014052024/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/another-language-faces-sunset-in-dead-centre/story-e6frg6po-1111114459448 |archive-date=14 October 2011}}
• {{Cite web |title=Lower Arrernte |website=Mobile Language Team |url=http://www.mobilelanguageteam.com.au/languages/lower_arrernte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930012019/http://www.mobilelanguageteam.com.au/languages/lower_arrernte |archive-date=30 September 2018 |access-date=15 June 2019 |url-status=live |ref=CITEREFLower_Arrernte}}
• {{cite news |title=To save a dying language |publisher=Alice Springs News Online |date=23 May 2018 |url=http://www.alicespringsnews.com.au/2018/05/23/to-save-a-dying-language/ |accessdate=9 June 2019 |ref=CITEREFTo_save_a_dying_language2018}}
• {{cite web |title=Pertame Project |website=Call for Australian languages and linguistics |url=https://call.batchelor.edu.au/project/pertame-southern-arrernte/ |accessdate=9 June 2019 |ref=CITEREFPertame_Project |archive-date=1 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401080640/https://call.batchelor.edu.au/project/pertame-southern-arrernte/ |url-status=dead }}

{{sister project |project=wiktionary |text=Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Arandic reconstructions}}

• Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press.

{{Pama–Nyungan languages|Central}}

{{Australian Aboriginal languages}}

Category:Indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory