Ardud
{{redirect|Erdőd|the Croatian village|Erdut}}
{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
|type = town
|county = Satu Mare
|image_flag =
|image_shield = ROU SM Ardud CoA.png
|image_skyline = Az erdődi vár.jpg
|image_caption = Ardud fortress
|image_location =
|image_map = Ardud jud Satu Mare.png
|map_caption = Location in Satu Mare County
|leader_name = Ovidiu-Marius Duma{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=8 June 2021 |df=dmy-all}}
|leader_party = PNL
|term = 2020–2024
|coordinates = {{coord|47|38|N|22|53|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
|elevation = 148
|elevation_min =
|elevation_max =
|area_total = 142.63
|area_footnotes =
|population_as_of =
|population_total = auto
|population_footnotes =
|postal_code = 447020
|area_code = (+40) 02 61
|website = {{URL|https://orasardud.ro/}}
|}}
Ardud ({{langx|hu|Erdőd}}, Hungarian pronunciation: {{convertIPA-hu|’|e|r|d|ő|d}}; {{langx|de|Erdeed}}) is a town situated in Satu Mare County, Transylvania, Romania. It administers five villages: Ardud-Vii ({{lang|hu|Erdődhegy}}), Baba Novac ({{lang|hu|Lajosmajor}}), Gerăușa ({{lang|hu|Oláhgyűrűs}}), Mădăras ({{lang|hu|Nagymadarász}}), and Sărătura ({{lang|hu|Sóspuszta}}).
History
The town has a complex history, having in different periods been part the Kingdom of Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Habsburg monarchy, and the Kingdom of Romania.
After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, and the declaration of the Union of Transylvania with Romania, the Romanian Army took control of Ardud in April 1919, during the Hungarian–Romanian War. The city officially became part of the territory ceded to the Kingdom of Romania in June 1920 under the terms of the Treaty of Trianon. In August 1940, under the auspices of Nazi Germany, which imposed the Second Vienna Award, Hungary retook the territory of Northern Transylvania (which included Ardud) from Romania. Towards the end of World War II, however, the city was taken back from Hungarian and German troops by Romanian and Soviet forces in October 1944.
Demographics
{{Historical populations
|source = Census data[http://nepszamlalas.adatbank.transindex.ro/?pg=felekezeti&id=2160 Census Database]
|1869 | 4357
|1880 | 4071
|1890 | 4926
|1900 | 5742
|1910 | 6302
|1920 | 6472
|1930 | 7313
|1941 | 8047
|1956 | 8331
|1966 | 8301
|1977 | 8393
|1992 | 6572
|2002 | 6486
|2011 | 5889
|2021 | 6124
}}
The 2011 census recorded a total population of 5,889; of these, 59.2% were Romanians, 18.6% Hungarians, 16.1% Roma, and 4.8% Germans.[http://www.satumare.insse.ro/phpfiles/rezultateprovizorii.pdf 2011 Romanian census data] In 2002, 41.7% were Romanian Orthodox, 32.7% Roman Catholic, 13.9% Greek-Catholic, 5.1% Pentecostal, 4.2% Reformed and 2.3% Baptist.[http://www.dri.gov.ro/cd-2006/documente/satu_mare/ardud_maghiara.htm Romanian Government Department of Interethnic Relations {{in lang|ro}}] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717111235/http://www.dri.gov.ro/cd-2006/documente/satu_mare/ardud_maghiara.htm |date=July 17, 2011 }} At the 2021 census, Ardud had a population of 6,124; of those, 61.17% were Romanians, 14.12% Hungarians, 8.23% Roma, and 2.38% Germans.{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls|title=Populația rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021|publisher=INSSE|language=ro|date=31 May 2023}}
Notable residents
- Sándor Petőfi married Júlia Szendrey in Ardud.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}{{Clarify|date=August 2011}}
- Ardud is the hometown of Hungarian archbishop, cardinal and statesman Tamás Bakócz.
In popular culture
The 2022 drama film Sparta was filmed in Germany, Austria, and Romania. Filming in Romania took place in the winter of 2018–2019 and the summer of 2019, the primary location being the village of Baba Novac in Ardud.{{cite news|last1=Beier|first1=Lars-Olav|last2=von Laffert|first2=Bartholomäus|last3=Müller|first3=Pascale|last4=Marinescu|first4=Delia|date=2 September 2022|url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/accusations-of-child-exploitation-haunt-austrian-filmmaker-ulrich-seidl-a-348eb7ed-096c-4da8-ab09-c3343cce773b|title=Accusations of Child Exploitation Haunt Austrian Filmmaker Ulrich Seidl|work=Spiegel International|access-date=19 October 2023}}
International relations
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania}}
Ardud is twinned with:
- {{Flag icon|France}} Trevoux (1990)
- {{Flag icon|France}} La Martyre (1992)
- {{Flag icon|Hungary}} Szakoly (2004)
- {{Flag icon|Hungary}} Napkor (2005)
- {{Flag icon|Ukraine}} Velyki Berehy (2005)
References
{{Commons category|Ardud}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Gallery
|File:View of Ardud from the Ardud Fortress 2012.JPG|View of Ardud from the fortress (2012)
|File:Church in Ardud, Romania.jpg|Church in Ardud
|File:Sărătura, Ardud, Satu Mare, România - NOV2022.jpg|Aerial view of Sărătura village
}}
{{LocalitiesSatuMare}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Populated places in Satu Mare County
{{SatuMare-geo-stub}}