Argopecten irradians

At the northern extreme of its range in Massachusetts, germ and gonial cells complete and begin development in winter and early spring.{{cite book | last1=Shumway | first1=Sandra E. | last2=Parsons | first2=G. Jay | title=Scallops : Biology, Ecology, and Aquaculture | publisher=Elsevier | publication-place=Amsterdam | date=2006 | isbn=978-0-444-50482-1 | oclc=162130332 | pages=xxxix+1460}}{{rp|page=376}} At the southern extreme the timeline is very different, with cytoplasmic growth stages found to occur in July in Tarpon Springs, Florida, when the water approaches its highest temperatures of the year.{{rp|page=376}}

{{visible anchor|AiPGRP}} is a peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP).{{cite book | editor-last=Söderhäll | editor-first=Kenneth | title=Invertebrate Immunity | publisher=Landes | publication-place=New York, N.Y., Austin, Tex, USA | year=2010 | isbn=978-1-4419-8059-5 | oclc=745001969 | language=en | pages=xxiv+316}}{{rp|page=47}} Its cDNA was cloned by Ni et al. 2007 and is the first bivalve PGRP to be cloned.{{rp|page=47}} {{visible anchor|AiGal1}} is a galectin discovered by Song et al. 2010,{{rp|page=49}} {{visible anchor|CfToll-1}} is a toll-like receptor (TLR) shared with other bivalves.{{rp|page=50}} It was first found in this scallop by Song et al. 2006.{{rp|page=50}} Song 2006 also found an inhibitor of κB (IκB).{{rp|page=51}} {{visible anchor|AiBD}} is the first big defensin cloned from this scallop.{{rp|page=54–55}} The gene is 531 nucleotides and the polypeptide product is 122 amino acids.{{rp|page=54–55}} Recombinant AiBD is an antimicrobial for Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi.{{rp|page=54–55}} Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA expression increases in the gill and mantle in response to Vibrio anguillarum.{{rp|page=57}}

This species of scallop used to support a large wild fishery on the East Coast of the United States, but since the 1950s it has decreased greatly. This is apparently the result of several negative influences, one of which is a reduction in sea grasses (to which bay scallop spat attach) due to increased coastal development and concomitant nutrient runoff.

By contrast, the Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) is at historically high levels of abundance because the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006 put a limit on catch numbers and led to a recovery from overfishing.

Scallop farming is a million-dollar industry in Canada,{{cite web|url=https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/stats/aqua/aqua23-eng.html|title=Aquaculture production quantities and value, 2023}} with British Columbia producing 85% of the country's farmed scallops.{{cite web|url=https://aquaculture.ca/canadian-farmed-scallops|title=Canadian Farmed Scallops}} Scallop aquaculture is currently being practiced in Florida.{{cite web|url=http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Argopecten_irradians_concentricus.htm|title=Argopecten irradians concentricus|work=si.edu}} They were introduced into China in the 1980s and are the basis of a vibrant aquaculture industry in that country.{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/ab729e/AB729E01.htm|title=TRAINING MANUAL ON BREEDING AND CULTURE OF SCALLOP AND SEA CUCUMBER IN CHINA|work=fao.org}}

This species has five different subspecies:{{cite web | url=http://www.malacolog.org/search.php?mode=findsnail&genus=Argopecten&associatedname=&author=&year=&yearend=&Search=Search | title=Malacolog 4.1.1: Western Atlantic Mollusk Species Database at the Academy of Natural Sciences }}

• A. i. amplicostatus (Dall, 1898) {{cite web | url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/scallop/ | title=Federal and State Listed Plants of Texas }}
• A. i. concentricus (Say, 1822) {{cite web | url=http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Argopecten_irradians_concentricus.htm | title=Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory Home }}
• A. i. irradians (Lamarck, 1819) {{cite web | url=http://www.jaxshells.org/argopect.htm | title=Argopecten irridians irridians - Bay Scallop }}
• A. i. sablensis (Clarke, 1965) - a fossil subspecies
• A. i. taylorae Petuch, 1987 - the southern bay scallop {{cite web | url=http://www.jaxshells.org/stapr.htm | title=Argopecten irradians taylorae Petuch, 1987 - Southern Bay Scallop }}

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• https://www.mindat.org/taxon-2285856.html

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irradians

Category:Bivalves described in 1819

Category:Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Category:Molluscs of the Atlantic Ocean