Arini (tribe)
{{Short description|Clade of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Arini
| image = Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg
| image_caption = Blue-and-yellow macaw
| taxon = Arini
| authority = G. R. Gray, 1840
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = Cyanoliseus
}}
The Arini tribe of the neotropical parrots is a monophyletic clade of macaws and parakeets (commonly called conures in aviculture) characterized by colorful plumage and long, tapering tails. They occur throughout Mexico, Central America, and South America, the Caribbean and the southern United States. One genus and several species are extinct; another genus is extinct in the wild. Two species are known only through subfossil remains. About a dozen hypothetical extinct species (see Extinct Caribbean macaws) have been described, native to the Caribbean area.{{cite web|title=Mystery Macaws of the West Indies|url=http://karlshuker.blogspot.com/2011/03/mystery-macaws-of-west-indies.html}}{{Cite journal | last1 = Turvey | first1 = S. T. | title = A new historical record of macaws on Jamaica | doi = 10.3366/anh.2010.0016 | journal = Archives of Natural History | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 348–351 | year = 2010 }}
Among the Arini are some of the rarest birds in the world, such as Spix's macaw, which is extinct in the wild – fewer than 100 specimens survive in captivity. It also contains the largest flighted parrot in the world, the hyacinth macaw. Some species, such as the blue-and-yellow macaw and sun conure are popular pet parrots.
Molecular studies have dated the divergence of the Arini tribe from the ancestral neotropical parrots to late in the Paleogene period about 30–35 million years ago.
Taxonomy
The Arini are one of three recognized clades in subfamily Arinae of neotropical parrots in the family Psittacidae of Afrotropical and neotropical parrots, one of three families of true parrots.
| class="wikitable" | ||
| Image | Genus | Living Species |
|---|---|---|
| 175px | Anodorhynchus {{small|Spix, 1824}} | * Hyacinth macaw, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus
|
| 175px | Cyanopsitta {{small|Bonaparte, 1854}} | * Spix's macaw, Cyanopsitta spixii (extinct in the wild) |
| 175px | Ara {{small|Lacépède, 1799}} | * Blue-and-yellow macaw, Ara ararauna
|
| 175px | Orthopsittaca {{small|Ridgway, 1912}} | * Red-bellied macaw, Orthopsittaca manilatus |
| 175px | Primolius {{small|Bonaparte, 1857}} | * Blue-headed macaw, Primolius couloni
|
| 175px | Diopsittaca {{small|Ridgway, 1912}} | * Red-shouldered macaw, Diopsittaca nobilis |
| 175px | Rhynchopsitta {{small|Bonaparte, 1854}} | * Thick-billed parrot, Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha
|
| 175px | Ognorhynchus {{small|Bonaparte, 1857}} | * Yellow-eared parrot, Ognorhynchus icterotis |
| 175px | Guaruba {{small|Lesson, 1830}} | * Golden parakeet, Guaruba guarouba |
| 175px | Leptosittaca {{small|Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894}} | * Golden-plumed parakeet, Leptosittaca branickii |
| 175px | Conuropsis† {{small|Salvadori, 1891}} | * Carolina parakeet, Conuropsis carolinensis (extinct)
|
| 175px | Psittacara {{small|Vigors, 1825}} | * Green parakeet, Psittacara holochlorus
|
| 175px | Aratinga {{small|Spix, 1824}} | * Sun parakeet, Aratinga solstitialis
|
| 175px | Eupsittula {{small|Bonaparte, 1853}} | * Brown-throated parakeet, Eupsittula pertinax
|
| 175px | Thectocercus {{small|Vieillot, 1818}} | * Blue-crowned parakeet, Thectocercus acuticaudatus |
| 175px | Cyanoliseus {{small|Bonaparte, 1854}} | * Burrowing parakeet, Cyanoliseus patagonus |
| 175px | Pyrrhura {{small|Bonaparte, 1856}} | * Ochre-marked parakeet, Pyrrhura cruentata
|
| 175px | Enicognathus {{small|G.R. Gray, 1840}} | * Austral parakeet, Enicognathus ferrugineus
|
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Macaws}}
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