Armillaria limonea
{{Short description|Species of fungus}}
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| image = Armillaria limonea.jpg
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| taxon = Armillaria limonea
| authority = (G.Stev.) Boesew. (2001)
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Armillaria limonea is a species of mushroom in the family Physalacriaceae. This plant pathogen species is one of four Armillaria species that have been identified in Aotearoa New Zealand the others are A. novae-zelandiae, A. hinnulea, A. aotearoa).{{Cite journal |last1=Hood |first1=I. A. |last2=Ramsfield |first2=T. D. |date=2016 |title=Armillaria aotearoa species nova |journal=New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science |language=en |volume=46 |issue=1 |page=2 |doi=10.1186/s40490-016-0058-y |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016NZJFS..46....2H |issn=1179-5395}}
In Aotearoa New Zealand the Te Reo name is harore, the English vernacular name is lemon honeycap, and the diseases caused by Armillaria species are called root rot.Buchanan, P.; Stewart, G.; Jacob, H (2017). Ngā Hekaheka o Aotearoa. Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Research. pp. 24–27. {{ISBN|978-1-77550-336-1}}.Ridley, G.S. "A System for the Development of English Language Names for Agarics and Boletes in New Zealand (and Australia?)" (PDF). Australasian Mycologist. 23 (1): 27–30.Hood, I.A. (1989). "Armillaria root disease in New Zealand Forests" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science. 19 (2/3): 180–197.
Description
It was originally described as Armillariella limonea by Greta Stevenson: "Pileus 8-13 cm diam., lemon yellow, sprinkled thickly at centre and more sparsely towards the margin with dark brown, tufted scales, dry, convex at first with strongly down-rolled margin, becoming almost plane with a waved edge; flesh firm, white. Gills sinuately decurrent, moderately crowded, creamy white becoming stained pinkish fawn. Stipe 10-15 x 1-1.5 cm, light brown above substantial floccose ring, shading to brown or olive green below, velutinate, sometimes with a few tufted scales, solid, tough, slightly bulbous at base. Spores 7-8 x 5-6.5 μm, non-amyloid, moderately thick-walled; print white".{{Cite journal |last=Stevenson |first=Greta |date=1964 |title=The Agaricales of New Zealand: V |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4108283 |journal=Kew Bulletin |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=1–59 |doi=10.2307/4108283|jstor=4108283 }}
The pileus of A. limonea can sometimes be bioluminescent.Buchanan, P.; Stewart, G.; Jacob, H (2017). Ngā Hekaheka o Aotearoa. Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Research. pp. 24–27. {{ISBN|978-1-77550-336-1}}
Distribution
Endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand and found in the North Island and northern South Island.{{Cite book |last1=Ridley |first1=G. |title=A Photographic Guide to Mushrooms and Other Fungi of New Zealand |last2=Horne |first2=D. |year=2006 |publisher=Upstart Press |isbn=9781990003769}}
[[Mātauranga Māori|Matauranga]]
It is reported that Armillaria limonea has been eaten without adverse reaction although others say that it is bitter and not edible.Hall, Ian R.; New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, eds. (1998). Edible and poisonous mushrooms: an introduction. Christchurch, N.Z: Crop & Food Research. {{ISBN|978-0-478-10806-4}}.
Hosts and disease symptoms
The Biota of New Zealand database provides an updated lists the of native and introduced plants associated with or host to A. limonea.{{Cite web |title="Biota of New Zealand. Names and Classification of Bacteria, Fungi, Land Invertebrates and Plants. Armillaria limonea (G. Stev.) Boesew. 1977". |url=https://biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz/scientific-names/1cb17e00-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c#section-associations}} Most records of root rot disease attributed to Armillaria species (recognised by the presence of rhizomorphs and fan-like mycelial sheets under bark) do not differentiate between A. limonea and A. novae-zealandiae.{{Cite book |last=Gadgil |first=Peter D. |title=Fungi on trees and shrubs in New Zealand |date=2005 |publisher=Fungal Diversity Press |isbn=978-962-86765-9-0 |series=Fungal diversity research series |location=Hong Kong}}
See also
References
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Category:Fungi described in 2001