Aromobatidae

{{Short description|Family of amphibians}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Allobates femoralis.jpg

| image_caption = Allobates femoralis

| display_parents = 2

| taxon = Aromobatidae

| authority = {{interlanguage link multi|Taran Grant|fr|Taran Grant|es|lt=Grant}}, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, {{interlanguage link multi|Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad|fr|lt=Haddad}}, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and {{Interlanguage link multi|Ward C. Wheeler|fr|lt=Wheeler}}, 2006

| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies and genera

| subdivision = *Anomaloglossinae Grant et al., 2006

}}

The Aromobatidae are a family of frogs native to Central and South America. They are sometimes referred to as cryptic forest frogs or cryptic poison frogs. They are the sister taxon of the Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs, but are not as toxic as most dendrobatids are.

Taxonomy

The Aromobatidae were separated from the Dendrobatidae only in 2006, and some sources continue to treat these frogs as part of the Dendrobatidae. However, their position as the sister taxa is well supported, and the question is primarily about whether they should be ranked as a family or a subfamily.

The validity of subfamilies within the Aromobatidae is also unsettled. Some evidence points to paraphyly of at least the subfamily Anomaloglossinae, and genus Allobates, largely because of the uncertain placement of Allobates olfersioides.

Some species are reported to have a skunk like odor. This strong odor is secreted through the skin but theses frogs are not toxic. This strong odor is used as a defense mechanism against predators.

Reproduction

Many aromobatids deposit small clutches of eggs in terrestrial nests. After hatching, one of the parents transports the tadpoles to a small water body, where they complete their development to metamorphosis.

Anomaloglossus stepheni, Anomaloglossus degranvillei, Allobates chalcopis, and Allobates nidicola are four aromobatid species that have non-feeding tadpoles.

Subfamilies and species

By late 2019, 126 species in three subfamilies and five genera had been described:

  • Allobatinae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006 (55 spp.)
  • Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (55 spp.)
  • Anomaloglossinae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006 (32 spp.)
  • Anomaloglossus Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006 (30 spp.)
  • Rheobates Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006 (two spp.)
  • Aromobatinae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006 (38 spp.)
  • Aromobates Myers, Paolillo-O., and Daly, 1991 (18 spp.)
  • Mannophryne La Marca, 1992 (20 spp.)

In addition, "Prostherapis" dunni Rivero, 1961 is placed in this family, but its more precise placement is unknown; it might be an Aromobates.{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Dendrobatoidea/Aromobatidae/Prostherapis-dunni |title="Prostherapis" dunni Rivero, 1961 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2019 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=19 December 2019}}

{{Gallery

|title=Selected Aromobatidae species

|width=180 | height=160

|align=center

|File:Allobates talamancae.jpg |Allobates talamancae

|File:Anomaloglossus stepheni.jpg |Anomaloglossus stepheni

|File:Rheobates palmatus02.jpg |Rheobates palmatus

|File:Mannophryne trinitatis.jpg |Mannophryne trinitatis

}}

References

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite web |url=http://www.amphibiaweb.org/lists/Dendrobatidae.shtml|title=Dendrobatidae |year=2019 |work=AmphibiaWeb |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |access-date=19 December 2019}}

{{cite journal | author1=Blackburn, D.C. |author2=Wake, D.B. |name-list-style=amp | title=Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa | volume=3148 | year=2011 | pages=39–55 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8 | url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p055.pdf}}

{{cite journal |last1=Grant|first1=Taran|last2=Frost|first2=Darrel R.|last3=Caldwell|first3=Janalee P.|last4=Gagliardo|first4=Ron|last5=Haddad|first5=Célio F.B.|last6=Kok|first6=Philippe J.R.|last7=Means|first7=D. Bruce|last8=Noonan|first8=Brice P.|last9=Schargel|first9=Walter E.|last10=Wheeler|first10=Ward C. |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |title=Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae) |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=299 |pages=1–262 |doi=10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299[1:PSODFA]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=82263880 |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5803/1/B299.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221131810/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5803/1/B299.pdf |archive-date=2007-02-21 }}

{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Dendrobatoidea/Aromobatidae |title=Aromobatidae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2019 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=19 December 2019}}

{{cite book|title=Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles |edition=4th |first1=Laurie J. |last1=Vitt |first2=Janalee P. |last2=Caldwell |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Academic Press |year=2014 |pages=486–488}}

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q55310}}

{{Anura}}

Category:Dendrobatoidea

Category:Amphibian families

Category:Taxa named by Janalee P. Caldwell

Category:Taxa named by Darrel Frost

Category:Taxa named by Taran Grant

Category:Taxa named by Philippe J.R. Kok

Category:Taxa named by D. Bruce Means

Category:Taxa named by Walter E. Schargel