Arutela
{{Short description|Ancient Roman fort}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox castrum
| name = Arutela
| image = Castra Arutela 001.jpg
| caption =
| alt_names = Arutelia
| known_as = Castra of Căciulata, Castra of Bivolari
| built_during_reign_of = Hadrian{{harvnb|Vlădescu|1986|p=46}}
| abandoned = 3rd century AD
| attested_by = Tabula Peutingeriana
| previous_fortification =
| type =
| robust_struct_material = Stone
| robust_struct_built_during_reign_of =
| robust_struct_built =
| robust_struct_abandoned=
| robust_struct_dim1 =
| robust_struct_dim2 =
| robust_struct_area =
| robust_struct_shape =
| robust_struct_thickness=
| robust_struct_technique=
| robust_struct_towers =
| weak_struct_material =
| weak_struct_built_during_reign_of =
| weak_struct_built =
| weak_struct_abandoned =
| weak_struct_dim1 =
| weak_struct_dim2 =
| weak_struct_area =
| weak_struct_shape =
| weak_struct_towers =
| commanders =
| legions =
| cohorts =
| alae =
| numeri = Tyrorum sagittariorum
| events =
| province = Dacia Inferior
| admin_unit_1 =
| admin_unit_2 =
| limes = Alutanus
| nearby_water = Aluta
| links = Praetorium, (Titești), (Rădăcinești), Buridava
| altitude_m = 285
| map = Romania
| place_name = Poiana Bivolari
| location_town = Căciulata
| location_county =
| location_state =
| location_country = {{ROU}}
| ref:RO:SIRUTA =
| discovery_year = 1888
| condition = Partially reconstructed
| controlled_by =
| archaeologists = Pamfil Polonic, Dumitru Tudor{{cite book | title=Oltenia Romană | publisher=Editura R.S.R. | author=Tudor, Dumitru | year=1968 | location=București}}
| website =
| notes =
}}
Arutela was an ancient Roman fort in the Roman province of Dacia today near the town Călimănești. It lies on the left bank of the Olt River. It was part of the Roman frontier system of the Limes Alutanus.
{{stack|File:Transalutanus.png}}
History
It was constructed between 137 – 138 AD by Surri sagittari (Syrian archers) by the order of Titus Flavius Constans, imperial procurator of Dacia Inferior, according to inscriptions on the front of two of the castra's gates.
The last coins discovered and dated at Arutela were issued by Elagabalus between the years 220 – 223 AD.{{harvnb|Vlădescu|1986|p=59}}
Arutela also hosted a Dacian settlement, which enjoyed a prolonged existence under Roman rule.
Archaeology
The first excavations at "Poiana Bivolari" were made in 1888–1889 in order to capture sulfurous thermal water. The excavation uncovered metal objects and Roman coins of Hadrian, Septimius Severus, Iulia Doamna and Caracalla. Between 1890 and 1892, Grigore Tocilescu and Pamfil Polonic continued with partial excavations, completely uncovering Roman baths and partial ruins of the castra. These discoveries remain the only epigraphic materials found on the site. Between 1897 and 1902, the Arutela ruins were partially covered by the construction of a railroad between Râmnicu Vâlcea and Râul Vadului, while the baths disappeared completely.
In 1967, the National Military Museum reopened the research site until 1970, and opened it once more in 1978. The opening led to the complete exposure of the ruins which were not destroyed by the railroad construction.
The archaeological excavations uncovered weapons, coins, pots and inscriptions, on display today at the Bucharest National Military Museum. After the excavations finished, the Arutela castrum became a historical monument of the Vâlcea County Committee of Culture and the Museum of History in Râmnicu Vâlcea. In 1982–1983, the castrum was renewed in a project by the architect Aurel Teodorescu, following references prepared by Cristian Vlădescu, the coordinator of research previously performed by the Military Museum. The construction work was executed by C. Panco. The first "Praetorian gate" (porta praetoria) in Romania was reconstructed on the site.
Images
File:Castrul roman Arutela - vedere dinspre rau.jpg
File:Arutela, vede de ansamblu.JPG
File:Castru Roman Arutela 02.JPG
See also
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
= Ancient =
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book
|ref = {{sfnRef|Tabula Peutingeriana}}
|last = Anonymous
|title = Tabula Peutingeriana
|url = http://www.tabula-peutingeriana.de/tp/tpx.html
|language = la
}}
- {{cite book
|ref = {{sfnRef|Ptolemy|140 AD}}
|last = Ptolemy
|first = Claudius
|author-link = Ptolemy
|title = Geographia
|publisher = Sumptibus et typis Caroli Tauchnitii
|year = 1843
|trans-title=Geography
|url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4ksBAAAAMAAJ
|orig-year = c. 140 AD
|language = grc
}}
{{refend}}
= Modern =
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite web
|last=Olteanu
|first=Sorin
|title=Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms Section
|url=http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm
|language=ro, en
|work=Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum
|access-date=3 January 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103139/http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm
|archive-date=16 July 2011
|url-status=dead
}}
- {{cite book |last=Vlădescu |first=Cristian M. | title=Fortificațiile romane din Dacia Inferior | publisher=Ed. Scrisul Românesc | year=1986 | location=Craiova}}
{{refend}}
{{Dacian cities}}
{{Dacia topics}}
{{coord|45.276667|24.311944|display=title|type:landmark_region:RO-VL}}