Ashide
{{short description|Turkic royal clan}}
Ashide ({{zh|c=阿史德}}; Middle Chinese: *ʔɑ-ʃɨXtək̚; Old Tibetan: A sha sde’) was one of the dominant clans of Turkic Khaganate. This clan was also the conjugal clan of the Göktürk khagans' Ashina clan.
Origin
According to Zheng Qiao's 1161 Comprehensive Records (vol. 29), Ashide descended from an ancient Shǐshàn kèhán 始善可汗 (lit. "First Good Khagan"), whose identity remains unknown.Pulleyblank E. A Sogdian Colony in Inner Mongolia. — T'oung Pao Second Series, Vol. 41, Livr. 4/5 (1952), Р.332.
Yury Zuev reconstructed Old Turkic *Ashtak, further from Middle Persian Azdahāg, from Avestan: Aži Dahāka "Serpent, Dragon", related to Azhdaha.Zuev, Yu. (2004) "Seyanto Khaganate and Kimeks: Turkic ethnogeography of the Central Asia in the middle of 7th century". Shygys, 2. Oriental Studies Institute, Almaty. p. 10. (in Russian) Earlier, H. W. Bailey noticed similarity with Iranian *xšaita ‘ruler’, cf. Sogd. xšēδ, axšēδ ‘ruler’.Golden, Peter B. (August 2018). "The Ethnogonic Tales of the Türks". The Medieval History Journal, 21(2). 21 (2). p. 311
The Ashide's status as the Ashina's conjugal clanZuev, Yu. A. Early Turks: Sketches of history and ideology p. 33 is documented in the Youyang Zazu, which contains a myth that Ashina's ancestor Shemo fell in love with the sea-goddess west of the Ashide cave.Youyang Zazu, vol. 1
Notable members
[[Tamga]]
Ashide and Ashina
Historian S. G. Klyashtorny said that originally Ashina and Ashide together were part of a dual system, well known among the Turkic and Mongolic peoples.Абрамзон С.М. Формы родоплеменной организации у кочевников Средней Азии. — ТИЭ. Н. сер. Т. 14. М., 1951. ↑ Жданко Т.А. Очерки исторической этнографии каракалпаков. М.-Л., 1950 (ТИЭ, н. сер., т. 9).Жданко Т.А. Очерки исторической этнографии каракалпаков. М.-Л., 1950 (ТИЭ, н. сер., т. 9).
Ashide chiefs bore the title Irkin (Hanzi: 俟斤; Pinyin: Sijin) common to tribal leaders in the Turkic Khaganate. However, their particular position is determined by kinship with the dynasty; it was no coincidence that one of Irkin Ashide tegin held the title 'the prince of the royal family'. The Ashide clan did not have a single source. The Tang Shu mentioned Da Ashide and Bayan Ashide; their tamgas differ from tamgas of Ashide.Liu Mau-tsai. Die chinesischen Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Ost-Türken. 1-2. Weisbaden, 1958. (101/102)
To the end of the 7th-8th centuries, it was probably more correct to speak about Ashide as one of the tribes of the khaganate, which together with Ashina was the main military and political support of the Turkic dynasty. Ashide leaders initiated the liberation revolt of the Turkuts (679-682) against the Tang dynasty.Кляшторный.Г. Древнетюркская надпись на каменном изваянии из Чойрэна//СНВ. Вып. XXII. М.: 1980. С. 90-102
Genetics
In 2015-2016, a Fudan University (Shanghai) study headed by ethnogenomist Wen Shao-Qing (文少卿) in China, ran tests to determine the Y-DNA haplogroup representatives from the aristocratic Turkic Ashide clan.
They found a subclade of the Ashide clan had the haplogroup Q1a-L53.[https://www.academia.edu/23316012/Wen_S.-Q._Muratov_B.A._Suyunov_R.R._The_haplogroups_of_the_representatives_from_ancient_Turkic_clans_-_Ashina_and_Ashide_BEHPS_ISSN_2410-1788_Volume_3_2_1_2_March_2016_P.154-157 Wen S.-Q., Muratov B.A., Suyunov R.R. The haplogroups of the representatives from ancient Turkic clans] - Ashina and Ashide//BEHPS, {{ISSN|2410-1788}}, Volume 3, No. 2[1,2], March 2016, P.154-157.
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- Азат Абдысадыр уулу: Первые из тюрков. Тюркютские роды "Ашина" и "Ашидэ"
- Кляшторный.Г. Древнетюркская надпись на каменном изваянии из Чойрэна//СНВ. Вып. XXII. М.: 1980. С. 90-102.
{{Göktürks}}