Asri Muda

{{Infobox officeholder

| honorific-prefix = Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri Dato' Sri Paduka Raja

| name = Mohd Asri Muda

| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=MYS|size=100%|PMN|SPMK (Kelantan)|SPDK|PMK}}

| native_name = {{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|محمد عصري مودا}}}}

| image = Asrihajimuda.jpg

| office = 3rd Leader of the Opposition

| monarch = Abdul Halim

| primeminister = Abdul Razak Hussein

| term_start = 1971

| term_end = 1973

| predecessor = Tan Chee Khoon (Position vacant during parliament suspension 1969-1971)

| successor = Lim Kit Siang

| office2 = 4th President of the Malaysian Islamic Party

| term_start2 = 1969

| term_end2 = 1982

| predecessor2 = Burhanuddin al-Helmy

| successor2 = Yusof Rawa

| office3 = Menteri Besar of Kelantan

| monarch3 =

| primeminister3 =

| term_start3 = 1964

| term_end3 = 1973

| predecessor3 = Ishak Lotfi Omar

| successor3 = Mohamed Nasir

| birth_name = Mohd Asri bin Muda

| birth_date = {{birth date|1923|10|10|df=y}}

| birth_place = Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Unfederated Malay States, British Malaya (now Malaysia)

| death_date = {{death date and age|1992|8|28|1923|10|10|df=y}}

| death_place = Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

| resting_place = Bukit Kiara Muslim Cemetery, Kuala Lumpur

| citizenship = Malaysian

| profession =

| party = PAS (until 1983)
HAMIM (1983–1988)
UMNO (1989–1992)

| spouse = Sakinah Junid

| children = 9

| alma_mater =

}}

Mohd Asri bin Muda (Jawi: {{lang|ms|محمد عصري بن مودا}}; 10 October 1923 – 28 August 1992) was a Malaysian politician who served as the President of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) from 1969 to 1982,{{cite journal|last=Ibrahim Abu Bakar|year=2009|title=PAS and Its Islamist Fundamentalism in Malaysia Ibrahim Abu Bakar|journal=Journal of Human Sciences|volume=7|issue=43|url=http://www.ulum.nl/Pas%20Islamist%20fundamentalism.pdf}} and as the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Kelantan from 1964 to 1973.{{cite book|last=Husin Ali|title=The Malays, their problems and future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AWymtVCZucgC&q=%22asri+muda%22&pg=PA49|year=2008|publisher=The Other Press|isbn=978-983-9541-62-5|page=49}}

Early and personal life

Asri was born on 10 October 1923 in Kota Bharu, the capital of Kelantan. He was a school teacher and journalist before entering politics. He was elected to the Kelantan State Assembly and the federal House of Representatives in the 1959 election. He married Sakinah Junid on 15 August 1948 and has 9 children, 2 males and 7 females, namely Noordianauli Asri, Husni Zaim, Ratna Inzah, Mutia Sabihah, Naliyah, Khalidah, Nasibah, Najah and Mohd Taqiuddin.

Menteri Besar of Kelantan

Asri became the Menteri Besar of Kelantan in 1964, replacing Ishak Lotfi Omar.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pbgTAAAAIBAJ&pg=4388,1009001&dq=asri-muda+kelantan+1964&hl=en|title=Former Kelantan MB Ishak dies|date=13 May 1992|work=New Straits Times|accessdate=20 June 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} He served as Menteri Besar until 1974, when he resigned to become a Minister in the federal government.{{cite book|last=Leifer|first=Michael|title=Dictionary of the modern politics of South-East Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeNmkSi54DQC&q=asri-muda+kelantan+1974&pg=PA63|year=2001|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=0-415-23875-7|page=63}}

PAS Presidency

Under Asri's leadership, PAS became a member of the governing Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition for the first and only time, from 1973 to 1978. Asri became the Minister for Land and Rural Development in the BN government. Asri's leadership was also notable for the shifting of PAS's outlook towards Malay nationalism. Both joining the BN coalition and moving away from religious-based policy platforms caused the party to lose support.{{cite book|last1=Matheson Hooker|first1=Virginia|last2=Norani Othman|title=Malaysia: Islam, society and politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0W5t5lxigh8C&q=asri+muda+1978|year=2003|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=981-230-161-5|page=204}} In 1982, Asri was ousted as PAS leader by the religious ulama faction of the party, to be replaced by Yusof Rawa.{{cite book|last1=Matheson Hooker|first1=Virginia|last2=Norani Othman|title=Malaysia: Islam, society and politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0W5t5lxigh8C&q=asri+muda+1978|year=2003|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=981-230-161-5|page=222}} After Asri's tenure, PAS shifted to a more radical religious platform.

After PAS

Following his loss of the PAS presidency, Asri refrained from joining the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) or Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA),{{cite web|url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/NA/Newspaper/0005/TheStar[11Feb1983[NoPlansByAsriToJoinUMNOOrBerjasa.pdf |title=No Plans By Asri To Join UMNO Or Berjasa|work=The Star|date=11 February 1983|via=Perdana Leadership Foundation Library|accessdate=18 April 2010}} decided to form his own Muslim People's Party of Malaysia or Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia (HAMIM) in 1983 but failed to achieve any electoral success. He resigned from HAMIM together with other party representatives on 17 November 1988 after his attempt to dissolve HAMIM in an Extraordinary Muktamar failed.{{Cite news|url=http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/utama/nasib-parti-parti-serpihan-1.107845|title=Nasib Parti-parti Serpihan|author=Samsul Adabi Mamat|date=28 Jun 2015|language=Malay|work=Utusan Malaysia|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510142604/http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/utama/nasib-parti-parti-serpihan-1.107845|archive-date=10 May 2019|url-status=dead}} In 1988, he finally joined PAS's rivals UMNO, claiming that PAS had "deviated" and had been "infiltrated by extremist foreign elements".{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RLsTAAAAIBAJ&pg=7186,1651745&dq=asri-muda&hl=en|title=Asri: I'm no opportunist|last=Maria Samad|date=7 December 1988|work=New Straits Times|accessdate=21 June 2010}}{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ibYTAAAAIBAJ&pg=6876,3153458&dq=pas+umno+rival&hl=en|title=Dissidents and Umno Baru can't discount Pas factor|date=28 September 1988|work=New Straits Times|accessdate=21 June 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}

Honours

=Honours of Malaysia=

{{Flag|Malaysia}} :
50px Recipient of the Malaysian Commemorative Medal (Gold) (PPM) (1965){{cite web|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|title=SEMAKAN PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT|publisher=Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)|access-date=7 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929181530/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|archive-date=29 September 2018|url-status=dead}}
50px Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (PMN) – Tan Sri (1992){{cite web|title=Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1992.|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/1992.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808174539/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/1992.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2016|access-date=7 August 2021|publisher=Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)}}
{{Flag|Kelantan}} :
50px Commander of the Order of the Crown of Kelantan (PMK) (1963){{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitsbudget19630717-1.2.89|title=SINGAPORE BANKER AMONG 100 HONOURED|work=Straits Budget|date=17 July 1963|pages=14}}
50px Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Kelantan (SPMK) – Dato' (1965){{Cite news|date=18 July 1965|title=Anugerah hari keputeraan Sultan|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19650718-1.2.26|access-date=1 February 2021|work=Berita Harian}}
Dato' Sri Paduka Raja (1969){{Cite news|title=Sultan Kedah antara 162 yang terima pingat kehormatan|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19690711-1.2.46|work=Berita Harian|date=11 July 1969|pages=5}}
{{flag|Sabah|1963}} :
50px Grand Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (SPDK) – Datuk Seri Panglima (1974)