Barisan Nasional
{{Short description|Political party coalition in Malaysia}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Barisan Nasional
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| lang1 = English
| name_lang1 = National Front
| name_lang4 =
| logo = File:Barisan Nasional logo.png
| logo_size = x150px
| logo_upright =
| logo_alt =
| caption =
| colorcode = {{party color|Barisan Nasional}}
| abbreviation = BN
| leader =
| president =
| chairman = Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
| secretary =
| general_secretary =
| first_secretary =
| secretary_general = Zambry Abdul Kadir
| presidium =
| governing_body =
| standing_committee =
| spokesperson =
| leader1_title = Deputy Chairman
| leader1_name = Mohamad Hasan
| leader2_title = Vice Chairman
| leader2_name = {{ubl|Wee Ka Siong|Vigneswaran Sanasee|Arthur Joseph Kurup}}
| leader3_title = Advisor
| leader3_name = Najib Razak
| leader4_title = Treasurer-General
| leader4_name = Johari Abdul Ghani
| leader5_title =
| leader5_name =
| founder = Abdul Razak Hussein
| founded = {{start date|df=yes|1974|6|1}}{{Cite book|author1=Joseph Liow|author2=Michael Leifer|title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G5KLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA102|date=20 November 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-62233-8|pages=102–}}
| registered =
| legalised = 1 June 1974
| dissolved =
| merger =
| split =
| predecessor = Alliance
| merged =
| successor = Gabungan Parti Sarawak
{{small|(in Sarawak)}} {{small|(2018)}}
| headquarters = Aras 8, Menara Dato’ Onn, Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur
| newspaper =
| think_tank =
| student_wing = Barisan Nasional Student Movement
| youth_wing = Barisan Nasional Youth Movement
| womens_wing = Barisan Nasional Women Movement
| wing1_title =
| wing1 =
| wing2_title =
| wing2 =
| wing3_title =
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| membership_year =
| membership =
| ideology = {{ubl|Majority:|Conservatism (Malaysian)|Social conservatismTimothy J. Lomperis, September 1996, 'From People's War to People's Rule: Insurgency, Intervention, and the Lessons of Vietnam', page 212, {{ISBN|0807822736}}|National conservatism|Economic liberalism}}{{list collapsed|title=Factions:|Ketuanan Melayu{{Cite web|url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tak/47/1/47_KJ00005849019/_pdf|title=The Politics of National Identity in West Malaysia: Continued Mutation or Critical Transition? [The Politics of Ambiguity]|author=Helen Ting|work=Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University|publisher=J-Stage|volume=47|page=3/21 [33] and 5/21 [35]|format=PDF|quote=UMNO came into being in 1946 under the impetus of the Anti-Malayan Union Movement based on this ideological understanding of ketuanan Melayu. Its founding president, Dato’ Onn Jaafar, once said that the UMNO movement did not adhere to any ideology other than Melayuisme, defined by scholar Ariffin Omar as “the belief that the interests of the bangsa Melayu must be upheld over all else”. Malay political dominance is a fundamental reality of Malaysian politics, notwithstanding the fact that the governing coalition since independence, the Alliance [subsequently expanded to form the Barisan Nasional or literally, the “National Front”], is multiethnic in its composition.}}{{Cite book|author1=Jinna Tay|author2=Graeme Turner|title=Television Histories in Asia: Issues and Contexts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IxU-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA127|date=24 July 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-00807-9|pages=127–}}
Malaysian Chinese interests
Malaysian Indian interests
Dravidian movement}}
| position = Centre-right to right-wing
| religion =
| national = Perikatan Nasional {{small|(2020–2022)}}{{refn|From March 2020 to July 2021 as a junior partner in a coalition government, senior partner from August 2021 to October 2022|group=nb}}
National Unity Government {{small|(since 2022)}}
| regional = Gabungan Rakyat Sabah {{small|(2020–2023)}}
Gabungan Parti Sarawak {{small|(since 2020)}}
| continental =
| international =
| affiliation1_title =
| affiliation1 =
| affiliation2_title =
| affiliation2 =
| colours = {{ubl|{{Color box|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}|border=darkgray}} Royal blue|{{Color box|white|border=darkgray}} Sky white}}
| slogan = {{lang|ms|Rakyat Didahulukan}}
{{small|(People's First, Nation First)}}
{{lang|ms|Hidup Rakyat}}
{{small|(Long Live the People!)}}
{{lang|ms|Bersama Barisan Nasional}}
{{small|(With the National Front)}}
{{lang|ms|Hidup Negaraku}}
{{small|(Long Live the Nation!)}}
{{lang|ms|Kestabilan dan Kemakmuran}}
{{small|(Stability and Prosperity)}}
| anthem = Barisan Nasional{{Cite web|url=https://umno-online.my/lagu/|title=Lagu UMNO Rasmi - UMNO Online|date=30 May 2018|website=umno-online.my}}146px
| blank1_title =
| blank1 =
| blank2_title =
| blank2 =
| blank3_title =
| blank3 =
| blank4_title =
| blank4 =
| seats1_title = Dewan Negara
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|13|70|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
| seats2_title = Dewan Rakyat
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|30|222|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
| seats3_title = State Legislative Assemblies
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|122|611|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
| seats4_title = Chief minister of states
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|4|13|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
| symbol = 150px
| flag =
| flag_title =
| flag_alt =
| website = {{URL|https://www.barisannasional.org.my}}
| state =
| country = Malaysia
| country_dab1 =
| parties_dab1 =
| elections_dab1 =
| footnotes =
}}
{{Politics of Malaysia}}
Barisan Nasional (BN; {{Langx|en|National Front}}) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1974 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party. It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in the Dewan Rakyat after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 82 seats and Perikatan Nasional (PN) with 74 seats.
The coalition consists of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), and United Sabah People's Party (PBRS).
The Barisan Nasional coalition employs the same inter-communal governing model of its predecessor the Alliance Party but on a wider scale, with up to 14 communal political parties involved in the coalition at one point. It dominated Malaysian politics for over thirty years after it was founded. Taken together with its predecessor Alliance, it had a combined period of rule of almost 61 years from 1957 to 2018, and was considered the longest ruling coalition party in the democratic world.{{Cite news|url=http://torontosun.com/2013/05/05/malaysians-vote-to-decide-fate-of-worlds-longest-ruling-coalition/wcm/9c127fc7-37e8-45d5-8269-232bd2c59639|title=Malaysians vote to decide fate of world's longest-ruling coalition|author1=Anuradha Raghu|author2=Niluksi Koswanage|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=5 May 2013|access-date=5 May 2013}}
Since 2008, the coalition has faced stronger challenges from opposition parties, notably the Pakatan Rakyat and later the Pakatan Harapan (PH) alliances. The Barisan Nasional coalition lost its hold of the parliament to PH for the first time in Malaysian history after the 2018 general election and became the opposition coalition. The Sabah and Sarawak BN component parties left the coalition and formed their own coalitions in 2018 and 2022. In the aftermath of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis, Barisan Nasional returned to power under a Perikatan Nasional-led government. However, it suffered its worst result in the 2022 election, falling to third behind Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional, but it stayed in government by supporting Pakatan Harapan.
History
= Formation =
Barisan Nasional is the direct successor to the three-party Alliance coalition formed by United Malays National Organisation, Malaysian Chinese Association, and Malaysian Indian Congress. It was founded in the aftermath of the 1969 general election and the 13 May riots. The Alliance Party lost ground in the 1969 election to the opposition parties, in particular the two newly formed parties, Democratic Action Party and Gerakan, as well as Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. Although the Alliance won a majority of seats, it gained less than half the popular vote, and the resulting tension between different communities led to the May 13 riots and the declaration of a state of emergency.{{Cite book|author=Keat Gin Ooi|title=Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA139|year=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-770-2|pages=139–}} After the Malaysian Parliament reconvened in 1971, negotiations to form a new alliance began with parties such as Gerakan and People's Progressive Party, both of which joined the Alliance in 1972, quickly followed by Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) in 1973.
The Barisan Nasional, which included regional parties from Sabah and Sarawak (Sabah Alliance Party, Sarawak United Peoples' Party, Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu), was formally registered in June 1974 as a coalition of nine parties.{{Cite book|author=Cheah Boon Kheng|title=Malaysia: The Making of a Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Owo39zRMQbwC&pg=PA147|year=2002|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=978-981-230-175-8|pages=147–}} It contested the 1974 general election as a grand coalition under the leadership of the prime minister Tun Abdul Razak, which it won with considerable success.{{Cite book|author=Dr Nam-Kook Kim|title=Multicultural Challenges and Redefining Identity in East Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Fe8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA219|date=28 February 2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4724-0233-2|pages=219–}}
= 1977–2007 =
{{Expand section|date=August 2020|small=no}}
In 1977, PAS was expelled from Barisan Nasional following a revolt by PAS within the Kelantan state legislature against the chief minister appointed by the federal government. Barisan Nasional nevertheless won the 1978 general election convincingly, and it continued to dominate Malaysian politics in the 1980s and 1990s despite some losses in state elections, such as the loss of Kelantan to PAS, and Sabah to United Sabah Party which later joined Barisan Nasional.
By 2003, Barisan Nasional had grown to a coalition formed of more than a dozen communal parties. It performed particularly well in the 2004 general election, winning 198 out of 219 seats.
Although Barisan Nasional never achieved more than 67% of the popular vote in elections from 1974 to 2008, it maintained the consecutive two-thirds majority of seats in this period in the Dewan Rakyat until the 2008 election, benefitting from Malaysia's first-past-the-post voting system.{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303544604576431443001815406|title=Running Scared in Malaysia|author=John R. Malott|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=8 July 2011|access-date=8 July 2011}} {{subscription required}}
= 2008–2018 =
In the 2008 general election, Barisan Nasional lost more than one-third of the parliamentary seats to Pakatan Rakyat, a loose alliance of opposition parties. This marked Barisan's first failure to secure a two-thirds supermajority in Parliament since 1969. Five state governments, namely Selangor, Kelantan, Penang, Perak and Kedah fell to Pakatan Rakyat. Perak however was later returned via a court ruling following a constitutional crisis. Since 2008, the coalition has seen its non-Malay component parties greatly diminished in the peninsula.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-election/malaysia-coalition-extends-rule-despite-worst-electoral-showing-idUSBRE9430B720130505|title=Malaysia coalition extends rule despite worst electoral showing|author1=Stuart Grudgings|author2=Al-Zaquan Amer Hamzah|author3=Niluksi Koswanage|author4=Raju Gopalakrishnan|work=Reuters|date=5 May 2013|access-date=6 May 2013}}
The losses continued in the 2013 general election, and it recorded its worst election result at the time. BN regained Kedah but lost several more seats in Parliament along with the popular vote to Pakatan. Despite winning only 47% of the popular vote, it managed to gain 60% of the 222 parliamentary seats, thereby retaining control of the parliament.{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21577390-after-tainted-election-victory-najib-razak-needs-show-his-reformist-mettle-dangerous|title=A dangerous result|newspaper=The Economist|date=11 May 2013|access-date=11 May 2013}} The 1MDB scandal, which erupted in 2015, further damaged BN's reputation.
During the 2018 general election, Barisan Nasional lost control of the parliament to Pakatan Harapan, winning a total of only 79 parliamentary seats. The crushing defeat ended their 61-year rule of the country, taken together with its predecessor (Alliance), and this paved the way for the first change of government in Malaysian history. The coalition won only 34% of the popular vote amid vote split of Islamic Party. In addition to their failure in regaining the Penang, Selangor and Kelantan state governments, six state governments, namely Johor, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Kedah and Sabah fell to Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN (Sabah). The Terengganu state government also fell but to the Gagasan Sejahtera. Barisan Nasional was only in power in three states; namely Perlis, Pahang and Sarawak.
Many of BN's component parties left the coalition following its humiliating defeat at the 2018 general election, reducing its number to 4 compared to 13 before the election.{{Cite web|url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/09/30/pbrs-will-remain-with-bn-for-now-says-kurup|title=PBRS will remain with BN for now, says Kurup|agency=Free Malaysia Today|date=September 30, 2018}} These parties either aligned themselves with the new Pakatan Harapan federal government, formed a new state-based pact or remained independent. They include three Sabah-based parties (UPKO, PBS and LDP),{{Cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/05/368460/warisan-now-has-35-seats-enough-form-state-government-shafie-nsttv|title=Warisan now has 35 seats, enough to form state government: Shafie [NSTTV]|author1=Avila Geraldine|author2=Norasikin Daineh|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=11 May 2018|access-date=12 May 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/politik/2018/05/424813/pbs-keluar-bn-bentuk-gabungan-bersatu|title=PBS keluar BN, bentuk Gabungan Bersatu|language=ms|publisher=Berita Harian|date=12 May 2018|access-date=12 May 2018}} four Sarawak-based parties (PBB, SUPP, PRS and PDP, which formed a new state-based pact GPS),{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/12/sarawak-bn-parties-pull-out-of-coalition/|title=Sarawak BN parties pull out of coalition to form independent state-based pact|author1=Sharon Ling|author2=Geryl Ogilvy|work=The Star|date=12 June 2018|access-date=12 June 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/sarawak-parties-leave-barisan-nasional-end-of-coalition-10430826|title=Commentary: Free from the shackles of a fallen coalition, does Sarawak parties leaving spell the end of the Barisan Nasional?|author=Lee Poh Onn|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|date=15 June 2018|access-date=15 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612100628/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/sarawak-parties-leave-barisan-nasional-end-of-coalition-10430826|url-status=dead}} {{Proper name|myPPP}} (under Kayveas faction){{Cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/05/371060/myppp-leaves-bn-immediate-effect|title=MyPPP leaves BN with immediate effect|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=19 May 2018|access-date=19 May 2018}} and Gerakan.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/06/383177/gerakan-leaves-barisan-nasional|title=Gerakan leaves Barisan Nasional|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=23 June 2018|access-date=23 June 2018}} {{Proper name|myPPP}} experienced a leadership dispute, with Maglin announcing that the party remained within the coalition and Kayveas announcing that the party had left the coalition, resulting in the dissolution of the party on 14 January 2019.
Among the remaining four component parties in Barisan National, UMNO's parliamentary seats have reduced from 54 to 38 since 16 members of parliament left the party,{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/24/bagan-serai-mp-quits-umno/|title=Bagan Serai MP quits Umno, pledges support for Pakatan Harapan|author=Ivan Loh|work=The Star|date=24 June 2018|access-date=24 June 2018}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/06/27/bukit-gantang-mp-quits-umno/|title=Bukit Gantang MP quits Umno|work=Free Malaysia Today|date=27 June 2018|access-date=27 June 2018|archive-date=1 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101112204/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/06/27/bukit-gantang-mp-quits-umno/|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/07/01/former-puteri-umno-chief-quits-party/|title=Former Puteri Umno chief quits party, upset with results of polls|work=The Star|date=1 July 2018|access-date=2 July 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/19/mustapa-quits-umno-after-40-years/|title=Mustapa quits Umno after 40 years - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=19 September 2018 |access-date=2018-09-19}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/19/anifah-i-quit-umno-in-the-interest-of-sabah-rights/|title=Anifah: I quit Umno in the interest of Sabah rights - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=19 September 2018 |access-date=2018-09-19}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/11/labuan-mp-quits-umno-to-join-warisan/|title=Labuan MP quits Umno to join Warisan - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=11 October 2018 |access-date=2018-10-11}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/12/sabah-umno-exodus-begins-with-nine-of-10-assemblymen-leaving-party/|title=Sabah Umno exodus sees nine of 10 Aduns, five of six MPs leave - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|last1=Vanar|first1=Muguntan|last2=Lee|first2=Stephanie|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=2018-12-14|last3=Joibi|first3=Natasha|date=12 December 2018 }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/14/six-umno-mps-leave-the-party/|title=Six Umno MPs leave the party - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=14 December 2018 |access-date=2018-12-14}} while MCA's parliamentary seat maintains one. MIC's parliamentary seats have reduced from two to one after the Election Court nullified the results of the election for the Cameron Highlands federal constituency due to bribery,{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/30/court-nullifies-bns-ge14-victory-for-cameron-highlands-seat/|title=Court nullifies BN's GE14 victory for Cameron Highlands seat (Updated) - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|last=Hamdan|first=Nurbaiti|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=30 November 2018 |access-date=2018-12-14}} but BN regained its seat from a direct member under the 2019 by-election.{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/local/bn-retains-cameron-highlands-parliamentary-seat-AN438741|title=BN retains Cameron Highlands parliamentary seat|website=www.thesundaily.my|language=en|access-date=2019-01-27}}
As a result of these developments, BN's parliamentary seats have reduced to 41, compared with 79 seats that BN won in the general election.
MCA and MIC made a statement in March 2019 that they want to "move on" and find a new alliance following disputes with the secretary-general, Nazri Abdul Aziz. Mohamad Hasan, the acting BN chairman, chaired a Supreme Council meeting in which all parties showed no consensus on dissolving the coalition.
= 2019–present =
In January 2019, all Sabah UMNO branches including Sabah BN branches were dissolved and officially closed, leaving only one BN branch open. This brings the total BN seats in Sabah to only 2 seats.
Since 2019, Barisan Nasional recovered some ground and won a number of by-elections, such as the 2019 Cameron Highlands by-election,{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2019 |title=PRK Cameron Highlands: Ramli cipta sejarah |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/politik/2019/01/524419/prk-cameron-highlands-ramli-cipta-sejarah |website=bharian.com}} 2019 Semenyih by-election,{{Cite web |title=BN tawan semula DUN Semenyih |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/politik/2019/03/536745/bn-tawan-semula-dun-semenyih |website=bharian.com|date=2 March 2019 }} 2019 Rantau by-election,{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2019 |title=BN kekal kuasai DUN Rantau |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/politik/2019/04/552669/bn-kekal-kuasai-dun-rantau |website=bharian.com}} and 2019 Tanjung Piai by-election,{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2019 |title=BN tawan semula Tanjung Piai |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2019/11/629147/bn-tawan-semula-tanjung-piai |website=bharian.com}} defeating Pakatan Harapan.
In September 2019, UMNO decided to form a pact with the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) called Muafakat Nasional. Its main purpose is to unite the Malay Muslim communities for electoral purposes.{{Cite web |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/09/18/whats-next-for-piagam-muafakat-nasional/ |title= What's next for Piagam Muafakat Nasional? |date=18 September 2019 |work=The Malaysian Reserve }} There was however no formal agreement with the other parties of Barisan Nasional, although there were calls for Barisan Nasional to migrate to Muafakat Nasional.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2019/11/543468/mcas-future-muafakat-nasional-remains-unclear |title=MCA's future in Muafakat Nasional remains unclear |date=30 November 2019|work=New Straits Times}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/calls-in-umno-for-barisan-nasional-to-migrate-to-muafakat-nasional |title=Calls in Umno for Barisan Nasional to 'migrate' to Muafakat Nasional |date=5 December 2019 |work=The Straits Times |author=Reme Ahmad}} Barisan Nasional continued to function as a coalition of four parties comprising UMNO, MCA, MIC and PBRS but aligned themselves with Perikatan Nasional to form a new government in March 2020 after the collapse of the Pakatan Harapan government.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2020/03/571665/perikatan-nasional-coalition-set-joint-secretariat |title=Perikatan Nasional coalition to set up joint secretariat |work=New Straits Times |author=Adib Povera|date=4 March 202 }} Barisan Nasional form a new government on 15 August 2021 with Perikatan Nasional after the collapse of the Perikatan Nasional government.
Barisan Nasional also recovered control of the Johor,{{Cite news |url=http://www.astroawani.com/berita-politik/hasni-mohammad-angkat-sumpah-mb-johor-232053?amp |title=Hasni Mohammad angkat sumpah MB Johor |language=ms |trans-title=Hasni Mohammad take the oath as Johor's MB |work=Astro Awani |date=28 February 2020 |access-date=28 February 2020}} Malacca{{Cite news |url=http://www.astroawani.com/berita-politik/sulaiman-md-ali-angkat-sumpah-ketua-menteri-melaka-ke-12-232991 |title=Sulaiman Md Ali angkat sumpah Ketua Menteri Melaka ke-12 |language=ms |trans-title=Sulaiman Md Ali take the oath as the 12th Chief Minister of Malacca |work=Astro Awani |date=9 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020}} and Perak{{Cite web| url = https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/educationist-menteri-besar-272468| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210121213056/https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/educationist-menteri-besar-272468| archive-date = 2021-01-21| title = From an educationist, to a Menteri Besar {{!}} Astro Awani}} state governments.
On 20 November 2021, Barisan Nasional won a two-thirds majority of 21 out of 28 seats in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly.{{Cite web| url = https://www.astroawani.com/berita-politik/rasmi-sah-bn-tawan-semula-melaka-331991| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211120152942/https://www.astroawani.com/berita-politik/rasmi-sah-bn-tawan-semula-melaka-331991| archive-date = 2021-11-20| title = RASMI: Sah! BN tawan semula Melaka {{!}} Astro Awani}}
On 12 March 2022, Barisan gained a landslide victory in the 2022 Johor state election, allowing it to form the much more stable Johor state government with a two-thirds majority in the Johor State Legislative Assembly, which is 40 out of 56 seats while defeating Pakatan Harapan with 12 seats, Perikatan Nasional with 3 seats and Malaysian United Democratic Alliance with 1 seat.
== 2022 election ==
In the 2022 election, BN faced the worst result in its history, winning 30 out of 222 seats, compared to 82 and 74 seats for Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional respectively.{{Cite news |date= 20 November 2022|title= 'End of an era' for Malaysia's Barisan Nasional, after corruption issues hurt candidates at GE15: Analysts|url= https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-ge15-end-era-barisan-nasional-3087531|access-date= 21 November 2022}} Several key figures including Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, Mahdzir Khalid, Azeez Rahim, Tengku Zafrul Aziz, and Khairy Jamaluddin, lost to either PN or PH candidates in their own constituencies.{{Cite news |date= 20 November 2022|title= PRU15: Nama besar antara yang tewas|url= https://mediavariasi.com/2022/11/pru15-nama-besar-antara-yang-tewas/|access-date= 21 November 2022}}{{Cite news |date= 20 November 2022|title= PRU15: BN kecundang di Tanjong Karang|url= https://www.astroawani.com/berita-politik/pru15-bn-kecundang-di-tanjong-karang-392569|access-date= 21 November 2022}}{{Cite news |date= 20 November 2022|title= [Rasmi] Azeez Rahim kalah kepada calon PN di Baling|url= https://www.utusan.com.my/nasional/2022/11/rasmi-azeez-rahim-kalah-kepada-calon-pn-di-baling/|access-date= 21 November 2022}} BN also lost several state elections held in Pahang and Perak and won no seats in Perlis.{{Cite news |date= 20 November 2022|title= PN brings BN to its knees in Perlis|url= https://harakahdaily.net/index.php/2022/11/20/pn-brings-bn-to-its-knees-in-perlis/|access-date= 21 November 2022}} Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, the party president, was re-elected with a slim majority of 348, high decrease from 2018 Malaysian general election which he won with majority of 5073 votes.{{Cite news |date= 20 November 2022|title= GE15: Zahid retains Bagan Datuk with slim majority|url= https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2022/11/852833/ge15-zahid-retains-bagan-datuk-slim-majority|access-date= 21 November 2022}} The election produced a hung parliament, but BN decided to support the biggest coalition Pakatan Harapan and was rewarded with cabinet posts in the government.{{Cite news |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/barisan-nasional-umno-ahmad-zahid-anwar-3103801 |title=Barisan Nasional to support the Dec 19 vote of confidence for Malaysia PM Anwar |date=27 November 2022 |work=Channel News Asia }}{{Cite news |url= https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/cabinet-posts-for-barisan-nasional-a-trust-not-the-spoils-of-war-says-malaysian-dpm-zahid |title=Cabinet posts for Barisan Nasional a trust, not the spoils of war, says Malaysian DPM Zahid |date=3 December 2022 |work=The Straits Times }}
Organisation
File:BN MANIFESTO (8630470271).jpg
In 2013, the vast majority of Barisan Nasional's seats were held by its two largest Bumiputera-based political parties—the United Malays National Organisation, and Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu. For most of its history, both the Malaysian Chinese Association and Malaysian Indian Congress have played major roles in Barisan Nasional, but their representation in Parliament and state legislatures has become much more diminished. Nevertheless, each component party purports to represent – and limit membership – to a certain race: UMNO for the Malays, MCA for the Chinese and so on. In the view of some scholars:
{{Blockquote|Since its inception the Alliance remained a coalition of communal parties. Each of the component parties operated to all intents and purposes, save that of elections, as a separate party. Their membership was communal, except perhaps Gerakan, and their success was measured in terms of their ability to achieve the essentially parochial demands of their constituents.Rachagan, S. Sothi (1993). Law and the Electoral Process in Malaysia, p. 12. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press. {{ISBN|967-9940-45-4}}.}}
Although both the Alliance and BN registered themselves as political parties, membership is mostly indirect through one of the constituent parties while direct membership is allowed.{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/11/21/barisan-amends-constitution-to-allow-direct-membership/|title=Barisan amends constitution to allow direct membership - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|last=Ahmad|first=Zuhrin Azam|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=21 November 2010 |access-date=2019-05-04}} The BN defines itself as a "confederation of political parties which subscribe to the objects of the Barisan Nasional". Although in elections, all candidates stand under the BN symbol, and there is a BN manifesto, each individual constituent party also issues its own manifesto, and there is intra-coalition competition for seats prior to nomination day.Rachagan, p. 21.
Member parties and allied parties
| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
! rowspan="2"| Logo ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | Name ! rowspan="2"| Ideology ! rowspan="2" |Position ! rowspan="2"| Leader(s) ! rowspan="2"| Seats ! colspan="2"| 2022 result ! Current ! rowspan="2" |State Legislature Seats |
| Votes (%)
! Seats ! Composition |
|---|
| colspan="12" align="center" style="background:lightgrey;" |Member parties |
| File:UMNO (Malaysia).svg
| style="background:{{party color|United Malays National Organisation}};"| | style="text-align:center;" | UMNO | United Malays National Organisation | style="text-align:center;"| 119 | style="text-align:center;"| 16.43% | {{Composition bar|26|222|{{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}}} | {{Composition bar|26|30|{{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}}} | {{Composition bar|107|611|{{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}}} |
| File:Flag of the Malaysian Chinese Association.svg
| style="background:{{party color|Malaysian Chinese Association}};"| | style="text-align:center;" | MCA | Malaysian Chinese Association | rowspan="2" | Centre-right | style="text-align:center;"| 44 | style="text-align:center;"| 4.29% | {{Composition bar|2|222|{{party color|Malaysian Chinese Association}}}} | {{Composition bar|2|30|{{party color|Malaysian Chinese Association}}}} | {{Composition bar|8|611|{{party color|Malaysian Chinese Association}}}} |
| File:Malaysian Indian Congress Flag.svg
| style="background:{{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}};"| | style="text-align:center;" | MIC | Malaysian Indian Congress | style="text-align:center;"| 10 | style="text-align:center;"| 1.11% | {{Composition bar|1|222|{{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}} | {{Composition bar|1|30|{{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}} | {{Composition bar|5|611|{{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}} |
| File:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (Logo).jpg
| style="background:{{party color|Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah}};"| | style="text-align:center;"| PBRS | United Sabah People's Party | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 0.15% | {{Composition bar|1|222|{{party color|Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah}}}} | {{Composition bar|1|30|{{party color|Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah}}}} | {{Composition bar|0|611|{{party color|Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah}}}} |
| colspan="12" align="center" style="background:lightgrey;" |Allied Parties of BN |
| | style="background:{{party color|Love Malaysia Party}};"|
| style="text-align:center;"| PCM | Love Malaysia Party | Huan Cheng Guan | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 0.03% | {{Composition bar|0|222|{{party color|Love Malaysia Party}}}} | {{Composition bar|0|30|{{party color|Love Malaysia Party}}}} | {{Composition bar|0|611|{{party color|Love Malaysia Party}}}} |
| | style="background:#D7242A;"|
| style="text-align:center;"| AMIPF | All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front | Loganathan Thoraisamy | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 0.05% | {{Composition bar|0|222 |
| {{Composition bar|0|30|}}
| {{Composition bar|0|611|}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress}};"|
| style="text-align:center;"| KIMMA
| Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress
{{small|Kongres India Muslim Malaysia}}
| Islamism
Indo-Malaysian Muslim interests
| rowspan="5" | Right-wing
| Syed Ibrahim Kader
| style="text-align:center;"| 1
| style="text-align:center;"| 0.14%
| {{Composition bar|0|222|{{party color|Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|30|{{party color|Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|611|{{party color|Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress}}}}
|-
|
| style="background:{{party color|Malaysian Indian United Party}};"|
| style="text-align:center;"| MIUP
| Malaysian Indian United Party
{{small|Parti Bersatu India Malaysia}}
| rowspan="3" | Dravidian movement
| Nallakaruppan Solaimalai
| style="text-align:center;"| N/A
| style="text-align:center;"| N/A
| {{Composition bar|0|222|orange}}
| {{Composition bar|0|30|orange}}
| {{Composition bar|0|611|orange}}
|-
|
| style="background:#EF8611;"|
| style="text-align:center;"| MMSP
| Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party
{{small|Parti Makkal Sakti Malaysia}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 1
| style="text-align:center;"| 0.07%
| {{Composition bar|0|222|orange}}
| {{Composition bar|0|30|orange}}
| {{Composition bar|0|611|orange}}
|-
| File:Malaysian Advancement Party.png
| style="background:#FFFB03;"|
| style="text-align:center;"| MAP
| Malaysian Advancement Party
{{small|Parti Kemajuan Malaysia}}
| style="text-align:center;"| N/A
| style="text-align:center;"| N/A
| {{Composition bar|0|222|orange}}
| {{Composition bar|0|30|orange}}
| {{Composition bar|0|611|orange}}
|-
|
| style="background:#0000FF;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | PPM
| Punjabi Party of Malaysia
{{small|Parti Punjabi Malaysia}}
| Sikhism
| Gurjeet Singh Rhande
| style="text-align:center;" | N/A
| style="text-align:center;" | N/A
| {{Composition bar|0|222|orange}}
| {{Composition bar|0|30|orange}}
| {{Composition bar|0|611|orange}}
|-
|
| style="background:{{party color|Malaysia National Alliance Party}};"|
| style="text-align:center;"| IKATAN
| Malaysia National Alliance Party
{{small|Parti Ikatan Bangsa Malaysia}}
| style="text-align:center;"| N/A
| style="text-align:center;"| N/A
| {{Composition bar|0|222|{{party color|Malaysia National Alliance Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|30|{{party color|Malaysia National Alliance Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|611|{{party color|Malaysia National Alliance Party}}}}
|-
| colspan="12" align="center" style="background:lightgrey;" |Other allied parties
|-
|
| style="background:#FF0000;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|MIRA
| Minority Rights Action Party
{{small|Parti Tindakan Hak Minoriti}}
| N/A
| S. Gobi Krishnan
| style="text-align:center;"| N/A
| style="text-align:center;"| N/A
| {{Composition bar|0|222|orange}}
| {{Composition bar|0|30|orange}}
| {{Composition bar|0|611|orange}}
|}
= Former member parties =
- Malaysian People's Movement Party (GERAKAN) (1973–2018)
- Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) (1973–1978)
- People's Progressive Party (PPP or {{Proper name|myPPP}}) (1973–2018)*
- Sabah Alliance Party (ALLIANCE) (1973–1975)*
- United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) (1973–1975 under Sabah Alliance, 1976–1984, 1986–1993)*
- Sabah Chinese Association (SCA) (1973–1975 under Sabah Alliance)*
- United Bumiputera Heritage Party (PBB) (1973–2018)
- Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP) (1973–2018)
- Sarawak National Party (SNAP) (1976–2004)*
- Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA) (1976–1986)*
- Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA) (1978–1983)
- Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) (1983–1989)*
- Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS) (1983–2004)*
- United Sabah Party (PBS) (1986–1990, 2002–2018)
- Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) (1991–2018)
- People's Justice Front (AKAR) (1991–2001)*
- Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) (1994–2008)
- Sabah Democratic Party (PDS) (1995–1999)*
- United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) (1999–2018)
- Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP/PDP) (2002–2018)
- Sarawak Peoples' Party (PRS) (2004–2018)
List of party chairmen
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
| No.
! width=20%|Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2"|Term of office |
|---|
| style="background: {{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}; color: white"| 1
|Abdul Razak Hussein |1 January 1973 |14 January 1976 |
| style="background: {{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}; color: white"|2
|Hussein Onn |15 January 1976 |28 June 1981 |
| style="background: {{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}; color: white"|3
|Mahathir Mohamad |28 June 1981 |4 February 1988 |
| style="background: {{party color|Malaysian Chinese Association}}; color: white"| –
|Ling Liong Sik | |4 February 1988 |16 February 1988 |
| style="background: {{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}; color: white"|(3)
|Mahathir Mohamad |16 February 1988 |30 October 2003 |
| style="background: {{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}; color: white"|4
|Abdullah Ahmad Badawi |31 October 2003 |26 March 2009 |
| style="background: {{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}; color: white"|5
|Najib Razak |26 March 2009 |12 May 2018 |
| style="background: {{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}; color: white"|6
|Ahmad Zahid Hamidi |90px |30 June 2018 |18 December 2018 |
| style="background: {{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}; color: white"|–
|Mohamad Hasan | |18 December 2018 |30 June 2019 |
| style="background: {{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}; color: white"|(6)
|Ahmad Zahid Hamidi |90px |30 June 2019 |Incumbent |
Leadership structure
Barisan Nasional Supreme Council:{{Cite web |title=Organisasi – Barisan Nasional |url=https://www.barisannasional.org.my/organisasi/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=www.barisannasional.org.my}}
File:Deputy Prime Minister Hamidi - 2017 (36294565072) (cropped).jpg, the incumbent Chairman of Barisan Nasional.]]
{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}
- Advisor:
- Mohd Najib Abdul Razak (UMNO)
- Chairman:
- Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (UMNO)
- Deputy Chairman:
- Mohamad Hasan (UMNO)
- Vice-Chairman:
- Wee Ka Siong (MCA)
- Vigneswaran Sanasee (MIC)
- Arthur Joseph Kurup (PBRS)
- Secretary-General:
- Zambry Abdul Kadir (UMNO)
- Treasurer-General:
- Johari Abdul Ghani (UMNO)
- Women Leader:
- Noraini Ahmad (UMNO)
- Youth Leader:
- Muhamad Akmal Saleh (UMNO)
- Women Youth Leader:
- Nurul Amal Mohd Fauzi (UMNO)
- Executive Secretary:
- Ahmad Masrizal Muhammad (UMNO)
- Supreme Council Members:
- Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail (UMNO)
- Mohamed Khaled Nordin (UMNO)
- Mah Hang Soon (MCA)
- Ti Lian Ker (MCA)
- Lim Ban Hong (MCA)
- Yew Teong Look (MCA)
- Saravanan Murugan (MIC)
- Sivarraajh Chandran (MIC)
- Thinalan T. Rajagopalu (MIC)
- P. Kamalanathan (MIC)
- Richard Mosinal Kastum (PBRS)
- Zainon Hj. Kayum (PBRS)
- Edwin Laimin (PBRS)
- Freddy Sua (PBRS)
- State Chairman:
- Johor: Onn Hafiz Ghazi (UMNO)
- Kedah: Mahdzir Khalid (UMNO)
- Kelantan: Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub (UMNO)
- Malacca: Ab Rauf Yusoh (UMNO)
- Negeri Sembilan: Jalaluddin Alias (UMNO)
- Pahang: Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail (UMNO)
- Perak: Saarani Mohammad (UMNO)
- Penang: Musa Sheikh Fadzir (UMNO)
- Perlis: Rozabil Abdul Rahman (UMNO)
- Sabah: Bung Moktar Radin (UMNO)
- Selangor: Megat Zulkarnain Omardin (UMNO)
- Terengganu: Rozi Mamat (UMNO)
- Federal Territories: Johari Abdul Ghani (UMNO)
{{colend}}
Elected representatives
= Dewan Negara (Senate) =
== Senators ==
{{Main|Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament}}
{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
- His Majesty's appointee:
- Vell Paari Samy Vellu (MIC)
- Sivarraajh Chandran (MIC)
- Ros Suyati Alang (UMNO)
- Mohamed Haniffa Abdullah (MIC)
- Zambry Abdul Kadir (UMNO)
- Nur Jazlan Mohamed (UMNO)
- Rosni Sohar (UMNO)
- Malacca State Legislative Assembly:
- Koh Nai Kwong (MCA)
- Mustafa Musa (UMNO)
- Johor State Legislative Assembly:
- Abdul Halim Suleiman (UMNO)
- Perak State Legislative Assembly:
- Shamsuddin Abdul Ghafar (UMNO)
- Pahang State Legislative Assembly:
- Norhashimi Abdul Ghani (UMNO)
- Shahrol Wizan Sulong (UMNO)
{{colend}}
= Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) =
== Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament ==
{{Main|Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament|Barisan Nasional Backbenchers Club and Parliamentary Council}}
Barisan Nasional has 30 MPs in the House of Representatives, with 26 MPs (or 92.5%) of them from UMNO.
| class ="wikitable sortable" | |||||
| style="width:100px;"| State
! style="width:30px;"| No. ! style="width:150px;"|Parliament Constituency ! style="width:240px;"|Member ! style="width:80px;" colspan=2|Party | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rowspan=3| {{Flag|Perak}} | P055 | Lenggong | Shamsul Anuar Nasarah | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| P072 | Tapah | Saravanan Murugan | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| | MIC | |
| P075 | Bagan Datuk | Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan=5| {{Flag|Pahang}} | P078 | Cameron Highlands | Ramli Mohd Nor | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| P079 | Lipis | Abdul Rahman Mohamad | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P084 | Paya Besar | Mohd. Shahar Abdullah | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P085 | Pekan | Sh Mohmed Puzi Sh Ali | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P090 | Bera | Ismail Sabri Yaakob | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| {{Flag|Kuala Lumpur}} | P119 | Titiwangsa | Johari Abdul Ghani | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| rowspan=5| {{Flag|Negeri Sembilan}} | P126 | Jelebu | Jalaluddin Alias | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| P127 | Jempol | Shamshulkahar Mohd. Deli | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P129 | Kuala Pilah | Adnan Abu Hassan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P131 | Rembau | Mohamad Hasan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P133 | Tampin | Mohd Isam Mohd Isa | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="9" | {{Flag|Johor}} | P147 | Parit Sulong | Noraini Ahmad | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| P148 | Ayer Hitam | Wee Ka Siong | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}"| | MCA | |
| P151 | Simpang Renggam | Hasni Mohammad | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P153 | Sembrong | Hishammuddin Hussein | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P155 | Tenggara | Manndzri Nasib | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P156 | Kota Tinggi | Mohamed Khaled Nordin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P157 | Pengerang | Azalina Othman Said | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P164 | Pontian | Ahmad Maslan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P165 | Tanjung Piai | Wee Jeck Seng | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}"| | MCA | |
| rowspan=7| {{Flag|Sabah}} | P173 | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | ||
| P176 | Kimanis | Mohamad Alamin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P177 | Beaufort | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | ||
| P182 | Pensiangan | Arthur Joseph Kurup | bgcolor="{{Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah/meta/shading}}"| | PBRS | |
| P184 | Libaran | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | ||
| P187 | Kinabatangan | Bung Moktar Radin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P191 | Kalabakan | Andi Muhammad Suryady Bandy | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| Total | style="width:30px;" colspan=6| {{small|Perak (3), Pahang (5), Kuala Lumpur (1), Negeri Sembilan (5), Johor (9), Sabah (7)}} |
= Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly) =
== Malaysian State Assembly Representatives ==
{{Main|List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2023–present)}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}
Johor State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|40|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
Malacca State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|20|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
Pahang State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|19|47|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|14|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
{{col-4}}
Sabah State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|12|79|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
Perak State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|9|59|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
Kelantan State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|2|45|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
Penang State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|2|40|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
Selangor State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|2|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
{{col-4}}
Kedah State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|0|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
Perlis State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|0|15|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
Sarawak State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|0|82|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
Terengganu State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|0|33|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}}
{{col-end}}
| class ="wikitable sortable" | |||||
| style="width:100px;"| State
!No. !Parliamentary Constituency ! style="width:30px;"| No. ! style="width:150px;"|State Assembly Constituency ! style="width:240px;"|Member ! style="width:80px;" colspan=2|Party | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rowspan=2| {{Flag|Kelantan}}
| rowspan=2|P032 | rowspan=2|Gua Musang | N43 | Nenggiri | Mohd Azmawi Fikri Abdul Ghani | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N45 | Galas | Mohd Syahbuddin Hashim | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan=2| {{Flag|Penang}}
| P041 | N02 | Bertam | Reezal Merican Naina Merican | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P047
| N21 | Sungai Acheh | Rashidi Zinol | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan=9| {{Flag|Perak}}
| P054 | Gerik | N02 | Temenggor | Salbiah Mohamed | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| P055
| Lenggong | N04 | Kota Tampan | Saarani Mohammad | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P062
| N21 | Lintang | Mohd Zolkafly Harun | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P068
| Beruas | N36 | Pengkalan Baharu | Azman Noh | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P069
| Parit | N39 | Belanja | Khairudin Abu Hanipah | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P072
| rowspan="2" |Tapah | N47 | Chenderiang | Choong Shin Heng | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}" | | MCA | |
| N48 | Ayer Kuning | Mohamad Yusri Bakir | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | | UMNO | |
| P075
| N53 | Rungkup | Shahrul Zaman Yahya | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P077
| N59 | Behrang | Salina Samsudin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | | UMNO | |
| rowspan=19| {{Flag|Pahang}}
|P078 | N02 | Jelai | Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| rowspan="2" |P079
| rowspan="2" |Lipis | N03 | Padang Tengku | Mustapa Long | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N05 | Benta | Mohd. Soffi Abd. Razak | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P80
| rowspan="2" |Raub | N06 | Batu Talam | Abd. Aziz Mat Kiram | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N08 | Dong | Fazdzli Kamal | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P83
| N16 | Inderapura | Shafik Fauzan Sharif | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="3" |P85
| rowspan="3" |Pekan | N21 | Peramu Jaya | Nizar Najib | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N22 | Bebar | Mohd. Fakhruddin Mohd. Ariff | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N23 | Chini | Mohd Sharim Md Zain | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P87
| rowspan="2" |Kuala Krau | N27 | Jenderak | Rodzuan Zaaba | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N28 | Kerdau | Syed Ibrahim Syed Ahmad | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P89
| rowspan="2" |Bentong | N35 | Sabai | Arumugam Verappa Pillai | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| | MIC | |
| N36 | Pelangai | Amizar Abu Adam | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P90
| rowspan="2" |Bera | N37 | Guai | Sabariah Sadan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N39 | Kemayan | Khairulnizam Mohamad Zuldin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P091
| rowspan="2" |Rompin | N41 | Muadzam Shah | Razali Kassim | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N42 | Tioman | Mohd Johari Hussain | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| |
| — | Nominated member | Haris Salleh Hamzah | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| |
| — | Nominated member | Wong Tat Chee | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}"| | MCA | |
| rowspan=2| {{Flag|Selangor}}
|P092 | N01 | Sungai Air Tawar | Rizam Ismail | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| P101
| N23 | Dusun Tua | Johan Abd Aziz | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan=14| {{Flag|Negeri Sembilan}}
| rowspan="2" |P126 | rowspan="2" |Jelebu | N02 | Pertang | Jalaluddin Alias | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| N03 | Sungai Lui | Mohd Razi Mohd Ali | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P127
| rowspan="2" |Jempol | N06 | Palong | Mustapha Nagoor | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N07 | Jeram Padang | Mohd Zaidy Abdul Kadir | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P128
| N09 | Lenggeng | Mohd Asna Amin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="4" |P129
| rowspan="4" |Kuala Pilah | N15 | Juasseh | Bibi Sharliza Mohd Khalid | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N16 | Seri Menanti | Abdul Samad Ibrahim | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N17 | Senaling | Ismail Lasim | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N19 | Johol | Saiful Yazan Sulaiman | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="3" |P131
| rowspan="3" |Rembau | N26 | Chembong | Zaifulbahri Idris | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N27 | Rantau | Mohamad Hasan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N28 | Kota | Suhaimi Aini | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P132
| N32 | Linggi | Abdul Rahman Mohd Redza | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P133
| Tampin | N35 | Gemencheh | Suhaimizan Bizar | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan=20| {{Flag|Malacca}}
| rowspan="5" |P134 | rowspan="5" |Masjid Tanah | N01 | Kuala Linggi | Rosli Abdullah | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| N02 | Tanjung Bidara | Ab Rauf Yusoh | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N03 | Ayer Limau | Hameed Mytheen Kunju Basheer | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N04 | Lendu | Sulaiman Md Ali | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N05 | Taboh Naning | Zulkiflee Mohd Zin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="4" |P135
| rowspan="4" |Alor Gajah | N07 | Gadek | Shanmugam Ptcyhay | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| | MIC | |
| N08 | Machap Jaya | Ngwe Hee Sem | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}"| | MCA | |
| N09 | Durian Tunggal | Zahari Abdul Kalil | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N10 | Asahan | Fairul Nizam Roslan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="3" |P136
| rowspan="3" |Tangga Batu | N12 | Pantai Kundor | Tuminah Kadi Mohd Hashim | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N13 | Paya Rumput | Rais Yasin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N14 | Kelebang | Lim Ban Hong | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}"| | MCA | |
| rowspan="2" |P137
| rowspan="2" |Hang Tuah Jaya | N15 | Pengkalan Batu | Kalsom Noordin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N18 | Ayer Molek | Rahmad Mariman | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P138
| rowspan="2" |Kota Melaka | N21 | Duyong | Mohd Noor Helmy Abu Halem | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N23 | Telok Mas | Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="4" |P139
| rowspan="4" |Jasin | N25 | Rim | Khaidhirah Abu Zahar | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N26 | Serkam | Zaidi Attan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N27 | Merlimau | Muhamad Akmal Saleh | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N28 | Sungai Rambai | Siti Faizah Abdul Azis | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan=40| {{Flag|Johor}}
|P140 | N1 | Buloh Kasap | Zahari Sarip | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| rowspan="2" |P141
| rowspan="2" |Sekijang | N03 | Pemanis | Anuar Abdul Manap | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N04 | Kemelah | Saraswathy Nallathanby | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| | MIC | |
| rowspan="2" |P142
| rowspan="2" |Labis | N05 | Tenang | Haslinda Salleh | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N06 | Bekok | Tan Chong | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}"| | MCA | |
| P143 | N8 | Bukit Pasir | Mohamad Fazli Mohamad Salleh | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| rowspan="2" |P144
| rowspan="2" |Ledang | N09 | Gambir | Sahrihan Jani | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N11 | Serom | Khairin Nisa Ismail | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P145
| N14 | Bukit Naning | Fuad Tukirin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P146
|Muar | N16 | Sungai Balang | Selamat Takim | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P147
| rowspan="2" |Parit Sulong | N17 | Semerah | Mohd Fared Mohd Khalid | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N18 | Sri Medan | Zulkurnain Kamisan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P148
| rowspan="2" |Ayer Hitam | N19 | Yong Peng | Ling Tian Soon | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}"| | MCA | |
| N20 | Semarang | Samsolbari Jamali | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P149
| rowspan="2" |Sri Gading | N21 | Parit Yaani | Mohd Najib Samuri | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N22 | Pasir Raja | Nor Rashidah Ramli | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P150
| rowspan="2" |Batu Pahat | N24 | Senggarang | Mohd Yusla Ismail | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N25 | Rengit | Mohd Puad Zarkashi | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P151
| rowspan="2" |Simpang Renggam | N26 | Machap | Onn Hafiz Ghazi | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N27 | Layang-Layang | Abd Mutalip Abd Rahim | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P152
| N29 | Mahkota | Syed Hussien Syed Abdullah | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P153
| rowspan="2" |Sembrong | N30 | Paloh | Lee Ting Han | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}"| | MCA | |
| N31 | Kahang | Vidyananthan Ramanadhan | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| | MIC | |
| P154
| N33 | Tenggaroh | Raven Kumar Krishnasamy | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| | MIC | |
| rowspan="2" |P155
| rowspan="2" |Tenggara | N34 | Panti | Hahasrin Hashim | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N35 | Pasir Raja | Rashidah Ismail | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P156
| rowspan="2" |Kota Tinggi | N36 | Sedili | Muszaidi Makmor | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N37 | Johor Lama | Norlizah Noh | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P157
| rowspan="2" |Pengerang | N38 | Penawar | Fauziah Misri | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N39 | Tanjung Surat | Aznan Tamin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P158
| N40 | Tiram | Azizul Bachok | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P159
| N43 | Permas | Baharudin Mohd Taib | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P160
| N44 | Larkin | Mohd Hairi Mad Shah | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P161
| N47 | Kempas | Ramlee Bohani | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P162
| N49 | Kota Iskandar | Pandak Ahmad | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P163
| N50 | Bukit Permai | Mohd Jafni Md Shukor | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P164
| rowspan="2" |Pontian | N53 | Benut | Hasni Mohammad | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N54 | Pulai Sebatang | Hasrunizah Hassan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P165
| rowspan="2" |Tanjung Piai | N55 | Pekan Nanas | Tan Eng Meng | bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}"| | MCA | |
| N56 | Kukup | Jefridin Atan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan=12| {{Flag|Sabah}}
|P167 | N2 | Bengkoka | Harun Durabi | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO |
| P169
| N10 | Usukan | Salleh Said Keruak | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P171
| N16 | Karambunai | Yakubah Khan | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P174
| N24 | Tanjung Keramat | Shahelmey Yahya | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P175
| N29 | Pantai Manis | Mohd Tamin @ Tamin Zainal | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P184
| N51 | Sungai Manila | Mokran Ingkat | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| rowspan="2" |P187
| rowspan="2" |Kinabatangan | N58 | Lamag | Bung Mokhtar Radin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| N59 | Sukau | Jafry Ariffin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P188
| N61 | Segama | Mohamaddin Ketapi | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| P191
| N71 | Tanjong Batu | Andi Muhammad Suryady Bandy | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| |
| — | Nominated member | Suhaimi Nasir | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| |
| — | Nominated member | Raime Unggi | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | |
| Total | colspan="7" style="width:30px;" | {{small| Kelantan (2), Penang (2), Perak (9), Pahang (19), Selangor (2), Negeri Sembilan (14), Malacca (20), Johor (40), Sabah (12)}} |
Barisan Nasional state governments
| class ="wikitable sortable" | |||||
| style="width:120px;"| State
! style="width:90px;"| Leader type ! style="width:180px;"|Member ! style="width:80px;" colspan=2|Party ! style="width:150px;"|State Constituency | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{Flag|Johor}} | Menteri Besar | Onn Hafiz Ghazi | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Machap |
| {{Flag|Malacca}} | Chief Minister | Ab Rauf Yusoh | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Tanjung Bidara |
| {{Flag|Pahang}} | Menteri Besar | Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Jelai |
| {{Flag|Perak}} | Menteri Besar | Saarani Mohammad | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Kota Tampan |
| class ="wikitable sortable" | |||||
| style="width:120px;"| State
! style="width:90px;"| Leader type ! style="width:180px;"|Member ! style="width:44px;" colspan=2|Party ! style="width:150px;"|State Constituency | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{Flag|Malacca}} | Senior EXCO | Rais Yasin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Paya Rumput |
| {{Flag|Negeri Sembilan}} | Senior EXCO | Jalaluddin Alias | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Pertang |
| {{Flag|Sabah}} | Deputy Chief Minister III | Shahelmey Yahya | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Tanjung Keramat |
Barisan Nasional also forms the state governments of Negeri Sembilan, Penang and Selangor in coalition with Pakatan Harapan, following the formation of the federal unity government (Kerajaan Perpaduan) in the aftermath of the 15th general election of November 2022.
| class ="wikitable sortable" | |||||
| style="width:120px;"| State
! style="width:90px;"| Leader type ! style="width:180px;"|Member ! style="width:80px;" colspan=2|Party ! style="width:150px;"|State Constituency | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{Flag|Johor}} | Speaker | Mohd Puad Zarkashi | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Rengit |
| {{Flag|Johor}} | Deputy Speaker | Samsolbari Jamali | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Semarang |
| {{Flag|Malacca}} | Speaker | Ibrahim Durum | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Non-MLA |
| {{Flag|Pahang}} | Speaker | Mohd Sharkar Shamsudin | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | | UMNO | Non-MLA |
| {{Flag|Perak}} | Speaker | Mohamad Zahir Abdul Khalid | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Non-MLA |
| {{Flag|Sabah}} | Speaker | Kadzim M Yahya | bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}"| | UMNO | Non-MLA |
Ministerial posts
| class="sortable wikitable" |
| Portfolio
! Office Bearer ! colspan="2" |Party ! Constituency |
|---|
| Deputy Prime Minister Minister of Rural and Regional Development Minister Responsible for National Disaster Management Agency |Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs
|Dato' Seri Utama Mohamad Hasan {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |
| Minister of Defence
|Dato' Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |
| Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Law and Institutional Reform) |Dato' Sri Azalina Othman Said {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |
| Minister of Higher Education
|Senator Dato' Seri Diraja Dr. Zambry Abdul Kadir | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |Senator |
| Minister of Plantation and Commodities
|Datuk Seri Haji Johari Abdul Ghani {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |
| class="sortable wikitable" |
| Portfolio
! Office Bearer ! colspan="2" |Party ! Constituency |
|---|
| Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Food Security
|Datuk Arthur Joseph Kurup {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah}}" | |PBRS |
| Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
|Datuk Mohamad Alamin {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |
| Deputy Minister of Works
|Datuk Seri Ahmad Maslan {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |
| Deputy Minister of Home Affairs
|Datuk Seri Dr. Shamsul Anuar Nasarah {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |
| Deputy Minister of Women, Family and Community Development
|Datuk Seri Dr. Noraini Ahmad {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |
| Deputy Minister of Human Resources
|Dato' Sri Abdul Rahman Mohamad {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Party color|United Malays National Organisation}}" | |UMNO |
Parliamentary general election results
| class="wikitable" |
| Election
! Total seats won ! Seats contested ! Share of seats ! Total votes ! Share of votes ! Outcome of election ! Election leader |
|---|
| 1974
| {{Composition bar|135|154|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 154 | 87.7% | 1,287,400 | 60.8% | {{increase}}135 seats; Governing coalition |
| 1978
| {{Composition bar|131|154|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 154 | 85.1% | 1,987,907 | 57.2% | {{decrease}}4 seats; Governing coalition |
| 1982
| {{Composition bar|132|154|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 154 | 85.7% | 2,522,079 | 60.5% | {{increase}}1 seats; Governing coalition |
| 1986
| {{Composition bar|148|177|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 177 | 83.6% | 2,649,263 | 57.3% | {{increase}}16 seats; Governing coalition |
| 1990
| {{Composition bar|127|180|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 180 | 70.6% | 2,985,392 | 53.4% | {{decrease}}21 seats; Governing coalition |
| 1995
| {{Composition bar|162|192|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 192 | 84.4% | 3,881,214 | 65.2% | {{increase}}35 seats; Governing coalition |
| 1999
| {{Composition bar|148|193|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 193 | 76.2% | 3,748,511 | 56.53% | {{decrease}}15 seats; Governing coalition |
| 2004
| {{Composition bar|198|219|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 219 | 90.4% | 4,420,452 | 63.9% | {{increase}}51 seats; Governing coalition |
| 2008
| {{Composition bar|140|222|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 222 | 63.1% | 4,082,411 | 50.27% | {{decrease}}58 seats; Governing coalition |
| 2013
| {{Composition bar|133|222|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 221 | 59.9% | 5,237,555 | 47.38% |
| 2018
| {{Composition bar|79|222|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | 222 | 35.59% | 3,794,827 | 33.96% | {{decrease}}54 seats; Opposition coalition (2018-2020) |
| 2022
|{{Composition bar|30|222|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} |178 |13.51% |3,462,231 |22.36% |{{decrease}}49 seats; Governing coalition with Pakatan Harapan, Gabungan Parti Sarawak, Gabungan Rakyat Sabah and Parti Warisan |
State legislative assembly general election results
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" | ||||||||||||||
| rowspan=2| State election | colspan=14|State Legislative Assembly | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perlis | Kedah | Kelantan | Terengganu | Penang | Perak | Pahang | Selangor | Negeri Sembilan | Malacca | Johor | Sabah | Sarawak | Total won / Total contested | |
| 2/3 majority | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | {{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}} | |
| 1974 | {{Composition bar|12|12|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|24|26|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|36|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|27|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|23|27|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|31|42|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|32|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|30|33|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|21|24|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|16|20|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|31|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|30|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||
| 1976 | ||||||||||||||
| 1978 | {{Composition bar|12|12|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|19|26|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|23|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|28|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|20|27|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|32|42|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|32|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|29|33|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|21|24|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|16|20|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|31|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|239|257|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||
| 1979 | ||||||||||||||
| 1981 | ||||||||||||||
| 1982 | {{Composition bar|11|12|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|24|26|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|26|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|23|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|25|27|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|38|42|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|31|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|31|33|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|22|24|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|18|20|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|32|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | |||
| 1983 | {{Composition bar|30|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|30|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 1985 | {{Composition bar|6|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|6|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 1986 | {{Composition bar|14|14|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|25|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|29|39|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|30|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|23|33|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|33|46|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|32|33|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|37|42|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|24|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|17|20|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|35|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|1|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|300|351|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | |
| 1987 | {{Composition bar|28|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|28|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 1990 | {{Composition bar|14|14|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|26|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|0|39|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|22|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|19|33|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|33|46|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|31|33|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|35|42|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|24|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|17|20|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|32|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|0|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|253|351|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | |
| 1991 | {{Composition bar|49|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|49|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 1994 | {{Composition bar|23|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|23|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 1995 | {{Composition bar|15|15|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|34|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|7|43|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|25|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|32|33|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|51|52|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|37|38|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|45|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|30|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|22|25|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|40|40|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|338|394|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||
| 1996 | {{Composition bar|57|62|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|57|64|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 1999 | {{Composition bar|12|15|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|24|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|2|43|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|4|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|30|33|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|44|52|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|30|38|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|42|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|32|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|21|25|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|40|40|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|31|48|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|312|329|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | |
| 2001 | {{Composition bar|60|62|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|60|62|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 2004 | {{Composition bar|14|15|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|31|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|21|45|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|28|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|38|40|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|52|59|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|41|42|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|54|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|34|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|26|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|55|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|59|60|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|452|504|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | |
| 2006 | {{Composition bar|62|71|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|62|71|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | {{Composition bar|14|15|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|14|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|6|45|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|24|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|11|40|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|28|59|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|37|42|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|20|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|21|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|23|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|50|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|59|60|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|307|504|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | |
| 2011 | {{Composition bar|55|71|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|55|71|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 2013 | {{Composition bar|13|15|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|21|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|12|45|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|17|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|10|40|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|31|59|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|30|42|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|12|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|22|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|21|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|38|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|48|60|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|275|505|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | |
| 2016 | {{Composition bar|77|82|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|77|82|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 2018 | {{Composition bar|10|15|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|3|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|8|45|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|10|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|2|40|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|24|59|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|25|42|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|4|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|16|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|13|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|16|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|29|60|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|160|505|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | |
| 2020 | {{Composition bar|14|73|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|14|41|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 2021 | {{Composition bar|21|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | {{Composition bar|21|28|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||
| 2022
| | | | | | | | | | |{{Composition bar|40|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | | |{{Composition bar|40|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||||
| 2022
|{{Composition bar|0|15|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | | | | |{{Composition bar|9|59|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} |{{Composition bar|17|42|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | | | | | | |{{Composition bar|25|116|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | ||||||||||||||
| 2023
| |{{Composition bar|0|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} |{{Composition bar|1|45|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} |{{Composition bar|0|32|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} |{{Composition bar|2|40|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | | |{{Composition bar|2|56|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} |{{Composition bar|14|36|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} | | | | |{{Composition bar|19|108|hex={{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} |
Notes
{{reflist|group=nb}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
= Literature =
- Chok, Suat Ling (4 October 2005). "MPs in the dock". New Straits Times, p. 1, 6.
- Chin, James. 2002. Malaysia: The Barisan National Supremacy. In David Newman & John Fuh-sheng Hsieh (eds), How Asia Votes, pp. 210–233. New York: Chatham House, Seven Bridges Press. {{ISBN|1-889119-41-5}}.
- Pillai, M.G.G. (3 November 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070616184702/http://www.malaysia-today.net/columns/pillai/2005/11/national-front-parties-were-not-formed.htm "National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence"]. Malaysia Not Today
External links
{{Commons category|Barisan Nasional}}
- {{Official website|http://www.barisannasional.org.my/}}
{{Barisan Nasional}}
{{Malaysian political parties}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Political party alliances in Malaysia
Category:Political parties established in 1973
Category:1973 establishments in Malaysia