Assyrians in Russia

Assyrians came to Russia and the Soviet Union in three main waves:{{cite book |surname=Sepina |given=A. |chapter=Святая апостольская соборная Ассирийская церковь Востока |trans-chapter=Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East |year=2003 |editor-surname1=Bourdeaux |editor-given1=Michael |editor-surname2=Filatov |editor-given2=Sergey |title=Современная религиозная жизнь России. Опыт систематического описания |trans-title=Contemporary religious life of Russia. Systematic description of experiences |others=Keston Institute |volume=1 |place=Moscow |publisher=Logos |isbn=5-94010-237-9 |lang=ru}}

• The first wave was after the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828, which delineated a border between Russia and Persia. Many Assyrians suddenly found themselves under Russian sovereignty, and thousands of relatives crossed the border to join them.
• The second wave was a result of the repression and violence during and after World War I. Assyrians were represented by the All-Russian Union of Assyrians "Khoyad-Atur" from 1924 to 1928.
• The third wave came after World War II when Moscow unsuccessfully tried establishing a satellite state in Iranian Kurdistan. Soviet troops withdrew in 1946 and left the Assyrians exposed to the same kind of retaliation that they had suffered from the Turks 30 years earlier. Again, many Assyrians found refuge in the Soviet Union, this time mainly in the cities. From 1937 to 1959, the Assyrian population in the USSR grew by 587.3%. The Soviets in the thirties oppressed the Assyrians' religion and persecuted religious and other leaders.

During World War II, a number of Assyrians were registered as soldiers or in high-ranking positions in the Soviet Armed Forces; more than 6,000 total were mobilized for fighting.{{Cite web |last=Shoumanov |first=Vasili |date=2 June 2005 |title=Assyrians of Russia in World War II |url=http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2005/6.1.05/index_wed.php |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.zindamagazine.com}} Lado Davydov was one of only two Assyrian soldiers in the USSR to be given the honor of Hero of the Soviet Union, for recovering German documents outlining the Vitebsk region of Belarus.{{Cite web |last=Cherkashin |first=Nikolay |date=9 June 2019 |title=Как Герой Советского Союза обувь чистил |trans-title=How the Hero of the Soviet Union cleaned shoes |url=http://www.stoletie.ru/territoriya_istorii/kak_geroj_sovetskogo_sojuza_obuv_chistil_446.htm |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.stoletie.ru |publisher=Century |place=Moscow |language=Russian}} Major general Alexander Tamrazov led troops into battle in the Kuban region, and his brother (who was also a general) would also be honored for activities in the Krasnodar region.{{Cite magazine |last=Shabbas |first=Julius |date= |year=1981 |title=Assyrian Generals in the Soviet Army |url=https://www.assyrianfoundation.org/files/1981-1.pdf |access-date=25 June 2025 |magazine=Nineveh Magazine |publisher=Assyrian Foundation of America |location=Berkeley, California |page=24 |volume=4 |issue=1}} Another high-ranking officer, Georgi Ilyich Sarkisov, served in the Ukrainian Soviet Army for many decades.{{cite podcast |host=Ninos Emmanuel |date=12 May 2021 |title=Assyrian soldiers in WWII in the former USSR |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/assyrian/en/podcast-episode/assyrian-soldiers-in-wwii-in-the-former-ussr/z6docqvzu |language=Assyrian Neo-Aramaic |work= |publisher=SBS Assyrian |time=3:47 P.M. |access-date=21 January 2025}}

The Assyrians have tended to assimilate in recent years, but their cultural and ethnic identity has strengthened through centuries of hardships, and they found new expression under Glasnost.

According to the 2002 Russian census, there were 14,000 Assyrians in Russia. 13,300 people (95% of all Assyrians) spoke Assyrian Neo-Aramaic as their native language.

In 1998, the Mat Maryam temple was built in Moscow.Михайлов, С. С. "Московский приход храма Март-Марьям Ассирийской церкви Востока" Московский регион: этноконфессиональная ситуация. Москва: ИЭА РАН, 2000.

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Category:Ethnic groups in Russia

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