Audrey Azoulay

Audrey Azoulay was born on 4 August 1972{{Cite web |url=http://www.gouvernement.fr/ministre/audrey-azoulay |title=Audrey Azoulay |publisher= French Government |access-date=21 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507224530/http://www.gouvernement.fr/ministre/audrey-azoulay |archive-date=7 May 2017 |url-status=dead }} in La Celle-Saint-Cloud to a Moroccan Jewish family from Essaouira.{{Cite web |url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Audrey-Azoulay-A-l-ENA-j-ai-decouvert-l-antisemitisme-vieille-France-773061 |title=Audrey Azoulay : "A l'ENA, j'ai découvert l'antisémitisme vieille France" |date=14 February 2016 |work=Le Journal du Dimanche |language=French}} Her father, André Azoulay, is the current{{when|date=December 2024}} senior adviser to King Mohammed VI of Morocco, having previously been the adviser to his predecessor King Hassan II from 1991 to 1999.{{Cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/02/11/audrey-azoulay-ministre-culture_n_9210144.html |title=Audrey Azoulay, ministre de la Culture et "amie des artistes" |last=Ackermann |first= Paul |date=11 February 2016 |publisher=Huffington Post |language=French}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/03/23/leila-slimani-chevalier-arts-lettres-paris_n_15563098.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324152837/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/03/23/leila-slimani-chevalier-arts-lettres-paris_n_15563098.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 March 2017 |title=Leïla Slimani reçoit les insignes d'Officier de l'ordre des Arts et des Lettres à Paris |date= 23 March 2017 |publisher=Huffington Post |language=French}}

Azoulay gained a master's degree in management science from Paris Dauphine University in 1994 and an MBA from Lancaster University.{{Cite web |url=http://www.telerama.fr/scenes/audrey-azoulay-nouvelle-ministre-de-la-culture-jusqu-ici-une-femme-de-l-ombre,138205.php |title=Audrey Azoulay, nouvelle ministre de la Culture, jusqu'ici, une femme de l'ombre |last=Rahal |first=Sophie |date=11 February 2016 |publisher=felerama |language=French}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/culture/2016/02/11/03004-20160211ARTFIG00317-audrey-azoulay-a-la-culture-une-ascension-fulgurante.php |title=Audrey Azoulay à la Culture, une ascension fulgurante |last=Bommelaer |first=Claire |date=11 February 2016 |work=Le Figaro |language=French}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.actualitte.com/article/monde-edition/audrey-azoulay-nouvelle-ministre-de-la-culture/63473 |title=Audrey Azoulay, nouvelle ministre de la Culture |last=Cornu |first=Camille |date=11 February 2016 |publisher=Actualitte}} She also studied at Sciences Po and the École nationale d'administration (ENA) in 2000 (promotion Averroès, alongside Fleur Pellerin, Alexis Kohler and Nicolas Kazadi among others).

During her university studies, Azoulay worked at a bank, which she says she "hated". During her studies in the École Nationale d'Administration, she says she "discovered the old French anti-Semitism". Shey recalled having participated in demonstrations against the Devaquet bill in 1986 and against the Juppé plan in 1995, and against the candidature of Jean-Marie Le Pen in the second round of the 2002 French presidential election.{{cn|date=December 2024}} Her role models are Simone Veil and Jean Zay.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

In 2000, Azoulay was appointed civil administrator, assigned to the general secretariat of Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's government. From April 2000 to July 2003, she worked as the head of the public audiovisual sector office, especially for the strategy and the funding of sector organizations in the media development department. At the same time, she manages media expertise missions for the European Commission within the process of pre-accession programs.

In 2003, Azoulay was in charge of the conference on media strategy, audiovisual and cinema financing at Sciences Po. From September 2003 to February 2006, she worked for the Ile-de-France Regional Chamber Accounts and with the committee for inquiry into the cost and performance of public service. In 2004, she appeared in the distribution of the film "Le Grand Rôle" by the director Steve Suissa, where she played the director's assistant.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

In 2006, Azoulay joined the National Center of Cinematography and the moving image (CNC), successively holding the positions of Deputy Director for Multimedia Affairs, Chief Financial and Legal Officer and Deputy Director-General.{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnc.fr/web/fr/cp2011/-/editoriaux/1551645;jsessionid=D0F05A9961066D66BA4761B4B473A8F6.liferay |title=Audrey Azoulay nommée Directrice générale déléguée du CNC |language=French |publisher=CNC}}{{Cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/cinema/article/2016/02/12/mme-cinema-arrive-rue-de-valois_4864170_3476.html |title=Audrey Azoulay, la surprise de François Hollande Rue de Valois |newspaper=Le Monde |date=12 February 2016 |language=French }}

From 2014 until 2016, Azoulay served as an advisor on communications and cultural affairs to President François Hollande.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

Azoulay succeeded Fleur Pellerin as Minister of Culture on 11 February 2016. During her time in office, she increased her department's budget by 6.6% to a total of €2.9 billion in 2017 – the largest amount of government money promised for the arts in the country's history.{{cite web | first1=Victoria | last1=Stapley-Brown | first2=Hannah | last2=McGivern | date=5 October 2016 | url=http://theartnewspaper.com/news/museums/france-to-increase-funding-for-museums-and-acquisitions-in-2017-budget/ | title=France to increase funding for museums and acquisitions in 2017 budget | work=The Art Newspaper}} Under her leadership, the Ministry lent support to a women's contemporary art prize launched by AWARE (Archives of Women Artists, Research and Exhibitions).Anna Sansom (16 February 2017), [http://theartnewspaper.com/news/news/first-art-prize-dedicated-to-female-artists-awarded-in-france-/ First French art prize for female artists awarded] The Art Newspaper. Internationally, she played a key role in the joint initiatives of France, the UNESCO and the United Arab Emirates to safeguard cultural heritage in conflict zones, announced in December 2016, and was a signatory to the Florence Declaration condemning the destruction of cultural sites at the first G7 culture summit in March 2017.Emily Sharpe (26 May 2017), [http://theartnewspaper.com/news/news/who-will-win-race-to-run-unesco/ Who will win race to run Unesco?] The Art Newspaper. On 24 March 2017, she presented Draft Resolution 2347 on the protection of cultural heritage in armed conflicts to the UN Security Council. This resolution, put forward by France, Italy and UNESCO, was adopted unanimously.{{Cite web |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sc12764.doc.htm |title=Security Council Condemns Destruction, Smuggling of Cultural Heritage by Terrorist Groups, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2347 (2017) |date=24 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}{{Cite press release |url=https://europanewswire.com/audrey-azoulay-minister-culture-communication-franceamp/ |title=Audrey Azoulay, Minister for Culture and Communication of France - Europa Newswire) |date=25 March 2017 |publisher=Europa Newswire}}

File:20181018 Shinzo Abe visit EU 16.jpg in 2018]]

By the end of 2016, Azoulay eventually decided against becoming a candidate herself in the 2017 French legislative election.Stéphane Grand (14 November 2016), [https://www.lopinion.fr/edition/politique/2017-ministre-culture-audrey-azoulay-renonce-aux-legislatives-114279 2017 : La ministre de la Culture, Audrey Azoulay, renonce aux législatives] L'Opinion. In the Socialist Party's presidential primaries, she endorsed Manuel Valls as the party's candidate for the 2017 French presidential election.{{Cite web |title=Hamon ou Macron: les ministres qui n'ont pas dévoilé leur choix |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/politique/elections/presidentielle/hamon-ou-macron-les-ministres-qui-n-ont-pas-devoile-leur-choix_AN-201704190059.html |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=BFMTV |language=fr}} After the Socialist Party was eliminated in the first round of the election, she publicly declared her support for Emmanuel Macron against Marine Le Pen.{{Cite web |date=2017-04-24 |title=Présidentielle : ils ont appelé à voter Macron |url=https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Politique/Presidentielle-ils-ont-appele-a-voter-Macron-1240298 |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=parismatch.com |language=fr}}

In 2017, Azoulay was one of the nine candidates seeking to succeed Irina Bokova as Director-General of UNESCO.{{Cite news |date=2017-03-25 |title=French minister Royal to run for U.N. development agency post |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-undp-election-idUSKBN16W0U9 |access-date=2023-06-05}} In the final round against Hamad Bin Abdulaziz Al-Kawari, she was elected as Director-General of UNESCO, and her candidacy was presented for approval at UNESCO's general assembly on 10 November 2017.{{Cite web |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-unesco-vote/unesco-selects-frances-azoulay-as-new-chief-idUKKBN1CI15X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013210431/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-unesco-vote/unesco-selects-frances-azoulay-as-new-chief-idUKKBN1CI15X |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 October 2017 |title=UNESCO selects France's Azoulay as new chief |last=Irish |first=John |date=2017-10-13 |website=Reuters.com |access-date=2017-10-13}} In 2021, Azoulay was elected to a second four-year term.John Irish (9 November 2021), [https://www.reuters.com/world/unesco-chief-re-elected-second-term-2021-11-09/ UNESCO chief re-elected for second-term] Reuters.

Although her chances were considered very slim when she declared her candidacy, she came second in the first round of voting, ahead of Egyptian candidate Moushira Khattab and behind Qatari candidate Hamad Bin Abdulaziz al-Kawari.{{Cite web |date=2017-10-12 |title=Audrey Azoulay, une femme de culture et de cinéma à la tête de l'Unesco |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20171012-unesco-france-audrey-azoulay-cinema-candidate-presidence-qatar-egypte-culture |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=France 24 |language=fr}}

In the fourth round of balloting, the 58 members of the Executive Board nominated only one of the two finalists, Qatar's Hamad Bin Abdulaziz al-Kawari, who was first with 22 votes. Audrey Azoulay and Moushira Khattab tied for second place with 18 votes.{{Cite web |last=Ouest-France |date=2017-10-12 |title=Toujours pas de directeur général à l'Unesco, nouveau vote ce vendredi |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/monde/organismes-internationaux/unesco/toujours-pas-de-directeur-general-l-unesco-nouveau-vote-ce-vendredi-5310369 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Ouest-France.fr |language=fr}} In a new ballot, Audrey Azoulay was chosen as the second candidate, and the Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs called on voters to support her.{{Cite web |date=2017-10-13 |title=Egypt announces support for French UNESCO candidate against Qatar |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/27457/Egypt-announces-support-for-French-UNESCO-candidate-against-Qatar |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=EgyptToday}}

She was elected during a fifth and final round of voting by the 58 members of the Executive Board, with a majority of 30 votes against 28 for the Qatari candidate, who suffered from the division of the Arab world, exacerbated by the Gulf crisis. Audrey Azoulay becomes the second woman to be elected to this position, after Irina Bokova whom she succeeds.{{Cite web |title=Audrey Azoulay wins vote to be next UNESCO chief |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/14/audrey-azoulay-wins-vote-to-be-next-unesco-chief |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}

The final choice was submitted to the General Conference made up of the 195 member states on 10 November 2017, which endorsed her election to head the Organization. She is officially sworn in on 13 November 2017 at the Organization's headquarters in Paris.{{Cite web |date=2017-11-10 |title=France's former Culture Minister appointed new UNESCO chief {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/11/570382-frances-former-culture-minister-appointed-new-unesco-chief |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}

During the election process, the United States, followed by Israel, announced its withdrawal from the organisation, effective at the end of 2018, although the US remained an observer.{{Cite magazine |date=2017-10-12 |title=The U.S. Has Left UNESCO Before. Here's Why |url=https://time.com/4980034/unesco-trump-us-leaving-history/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}

Azoulay stressed in her first speech after her election, "At a time of crisis, it is more important than ever to get even more involved, to seek to strengthen [UNESCO], not to leave it", and that her first priority would be to restore the organisation's credibility and the confidence of its member states.{{Cite news |last=Breeden |first=Aurelien |date=2017-10-13 |title=At a Tumultuous Moment, Unesco Picks a New Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/13/world/europe/unesco-france.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

On 10 April 2018, Audrey Azoulay made her first speech to the UNESCO Executive Board, detailing her vision for the organisation, her top priorities being Africa, gender equality, and education. She wanted to strengthen the prevention of violent extremism, particularly by initiating a prevention program "through youth empowerment in Jordan, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia", and by publishing a guide for educational communities to combat anti-Semitism."[https://fr.timesofisrael.com/audrey-azoulay-presente-au-conseil-executif-sa-vision-pour-lunesco/ Audrey Azoulay présente au conseil exécutif sa vision pour l'Unesco]", Times of Israel & AFP (in French), 18 April 2018"[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000261959?posInSet=1&queryId=c91b6329-f66f-495a-9fc3-08411996d4b5 Discurso de la Directora General de la UNESCO, Audrey Azoulay, con el motivo de su respuesta a la 204a sesión del Consejo Ejecutivo; UNESCO, 10 de abril de 2018]" Unesdoc.unesco.org (multilingual, English, Spanish, French), 10 April 2018

In 2019, Le Monde outlined her achievements: in 2018, she succeeded in "demining crucial issues that for years had crystallized conflicts within UNESCO": she succeeded in having a text on the preservation of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem adopted by consensus, including by the Israeli representative, six months before his departure from UNESCO, and the Palestinian representative; she also reached an agreement between Japan and South Korea on the tragedy of the "comfort women" rounded up by the Japanese during the Second World War, and obtained a joint submission from North and South Korea for the inclusion of traditional Korean wrestling on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.{{Cite news |date=2019-11-15 |title=En plein marasme à l'ONU, la Française Audrey Azoulay relance l'Unesco |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2019/11/15/les-cles-de-la-methode-azoulay-a-l-unesco_6019230_3210.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}}

In February 2018,{{Cite web |last=Arnaud |first=Bernadette |date=2018-03-26 |title="Faire revivre l'esprit de Mossoul" |url=https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/archeo-paleo/archeologie/faire-revivre-l-esprit-de-mossoul_122264 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Sciences et Avenir |language=fr}} she launched the Revive the Spirit of Mosul initiative to rebuild the historic center of Iraq's second-largest city destroyed during its occupation by the Islamic State. To implement this project, she raises $50.4 million from the United Arab Emirates, $38.5 million from the European Union and $16.6 million from other countries and funds.{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=Mosul's Old City rises from rubble in war-scarred Iraq |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220309-mosul-s-old-city-rises-from-rubble-in-war-scarred-iraq |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=France 24 |language=en}} With completion planned for 2024, the initiative will have enabled the reconstruction of the Al-Saa'a Convent, the Al-Nouri Mosque and Al-Hadba Minaret, the Al-Tahera Church, as well as the rehabilitation of 124 historic houses. These UNESCO projects have generated more than 6,000 local jobs.[https://www.unesco.org/en/revive-mosul Revive the Spirit of Mosul initiative], UNESCO website

In February 2019, UNESCO published a Preliminary Study on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence,UNESCO World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology, [https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367823 Preliminary study on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence], UNESCO, 2019 the first step towards the creation of a global framework on ethics in this field as proposed by Audrey Azoulay at the beginning of her mandate. Opening a conference at UNESCO Headquarters in March 2019, she stressed that “trust in these innovations will be earned at the price of this collective effort. Transparency, fairness, elimination of bias, particularly gender bias, responsibility, inclusion, debate on the rules embedded in algorithms: these are all issues that need to be addressed ab initio and not after the uses and developments are already in place.”{{Cite web |date=2019-03-05 |title=L'Unesco veut proposer des principes éthiques pour l'intelligence artificielle |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/intelligence-artificielle/lunesco-veut-proposer-des-principes-ethiques-pour-lintelligence-artificielle-995752 |access-date= |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}

In April 2019, following the fire at Notre-Dame de Paris, she proposed UNESCO's assistance for "a very short-term assessment of the structure and materials".[https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/fire-notre-dame-cathedral-paris-unesco-stands-france-safeguard-and-rehabilitate-historic-heritage Fire at Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris: "UNESCO stands by France to safeguard and rehabilitate this historic heritage of outstanding universal value"], article UNESCO website, 16 April 2019

In November 2019, at the 40th UNESCO General Conference, the 193 Member States unanimously approved an increase in the compulsory contributions of each countries: Le Monde points out that this is "the first in years", "in the midst of a UN meltdown", and gives credit to Audrey Azoulay, while UNESCO "was, until two years ago, on the verge of bankruptcy, weakened by the withdrawal, which became effective at the end of 2018, of the United States and Israel". Le Monde also reported that, in addition to support from Europeans and Africans, she had also found support in the Arab world, notably in Morocco and Jordan, even though she was elected during a period when the Arab countries were divided.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

In March 2020, with 87% of the world's school and student population affected by school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Audrey Azoulay launches a "Global Education Coalition", calling for "coordinated and innovative action to build solutions that will not only support students and teachers now, but throughout the recovery process". More than 200 public, associative and private actors have joined this initiative. Within this initiative, UNESCO is running more than 230 projects in 112 countries, benefiting 400 million pupils and 12 million teachers.{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=Coronavirus update: 290 million students now stuck at home {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1058791 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000385154 Evaluation of UNESCO’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic], UNESCO Digital Library, March 2023

Three weeks after the double explosion in the port of Beirut on 4 August 2020, Azoulay visited the city and pledged that UNESCO would coordinate the rehabilitation of the 280 damaged educational institutions.{{Cite web |date=2020-09-13 |title=Audrey Azoulay vole au secours du Liban |url=https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/International/Audrey-Azoulay-vole-au-secours-du-Liban-1702295 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=parismatch.com |language=fr}} UNESCO mobilized almost 35 million dollars. Rehabilitation is fully completed eighteen months later.[https://www.unesco.org/en/libeirut UNESCO project LiBeirut (ForBeirut in English)], UNESCO website UNESCO also provided assistance to the cultural sector, notably by rehabilitating the Sursock Museum and restoring 12 historic buildings and 17 paintings damaged by the explosion.[https://www.unesco.org/en/li-beirut/culture Reviving Beirut's Culture], UNESCO's official website

On 9 November 2021, Azoulay was re-elected by a very large majority to a second term at the head of UNESCO during the 41st session of the Organization's General Conference in Paris.{{Cite web |date=2021-11-09 |title=France's Audrey Azoulay re-elected for second term as UNESCO chief |url=https://www.france24.com/en/culture/20211109-france-s-audrey-azoulay-re-elected-for-second-term-as-unesco-chief |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=France 24 |language=en}}

According to France 24,{{Cite web |date=2021-11-09 |title=La Française Audrey Azoulay réélue à une très large majorité à la tête de l'Unesco |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/france/20211109-la-fran%C3%A7aise-audrey-azoulay-r%C3%A9%C3%A9lue-%C3%A0-une-tr%C3%A8s-large-majorit%C3%A9-%C3%A0-la-t%C3%AAte-de-l-unesco |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=France 24 |language=fr}} "this re-election seems to confirm the strategy of depoliticization of the institution that she has sought since her election". For Le Monde,{{Cite news |date=2021-11-09 |title=Audrey Azoulay réélue à la tête de l'Unesco |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/11/09/audrey-azoulay-reelue-a-la-tete-de-l-unesco_6101545_3210.html |access-date=2024-05-24 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}} “under her leadership, highly sensitive Middle East issues, such as the heritage of Jerusalem, have been the subject of upstream negotiations to avoid pitfalls, even if it means postponing them. So much so that the United States and Israel, who left accusing UNESCO of anti-Israeli bias, are considering their return". On the other hand, "the UN agency has increased its number of unifying projects, such as the reconstruction of Mosul (recently visited by the Pope in Iraq), almost doubling its operating budget thanks to voluntary contributions (up 15% by 2020)", explained Le Figaro.{{Cite web |date=2021-03-16 |title=Audrey Azoulay en piste pour un second mandat à l'Unesco |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/audrey-azoulay-en-piste-pour-un-second-mandat-a-l-unesco-20210316 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Le Figaro |language=fr}}

An Ethiopian diplomat quoted by AFP sums up: "When she arrived, UNESCO was in a bad state. Now, objectively speaking, the organization is in much better shape".{{Cite web |last=AFP |first=Avec |date=2020-12-07 |title=Unesco. « Large soutien » à une réélection d'Audrey Azoulay en 2021 |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/monde/organismes-internationaux/unesco/unesco-large-soutien-a-une-reelection-d-audrey-azoulay-en-2021-7076155 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Ouest-France.fr |language=fr}} Other sources in UNESCO have said corruption and cronyism have flourished during her tenure, {{Cite web |date=2023-01-21 |title=Splendor and Misery of Audrey Azoulay |url=https://aze.media/splendor-and-misery-of-audrey-azoulay}} leading a former ambassador to UNESCO to accuse her of bullying and abusing UNESCO staff. {{Cite web |date=2023-01-21 |title=Spanish diplomat: CEO Azoulay terrorizes UNESCO staff |url=https://caliber.az/en/post/spanish-diplomat-ceo-azoulay-terrorizes-unesco-staff}}

• Generation Unlimited, member of the board (since 2018)[http://www.genunlimited.org/index_news-and-events.html World leaders unite under new initiative to provide quality education and training for young people] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225212325/http://www.genunlimited.org/index_news-and-events.html |date=25 February 2021 }} Generation Unlimited, press release of 21 September 2018.
• Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), ex officio member of the Committee of Cosponsoring Organizations (since 2017)[https://www.unaids.org/en/aboutunaids/unaidsleadership Leadership] Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
• International Gender Champions (IGC), member{{Cite web |title=Champions {{!}} International Gender Champions |url=https://genderchampions.com/champions |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=genderchampions.com}}

In September 2024, Azoulay was awarded the Premio Sostenibilidad (Sustainability Award) in the Premios Vanguardia in Barcelona, Spain.{{cite web | last=Abad | first=Martí | title=Premios Vanguardia 2024: la opositora rusa Yulia Naválnaya, premio Internacional | website=La Vanguardia | date=1 October 2024 | url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20240930/9984315/premios-vanguardia-2024-gala-premiados-en-directo.html | language=es | access-date=21 December 2024}}{{cite web | title=UNESCO awarded for its action to protect the ocean | website= UNESCO | url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-awarded-its-action-protect-ocean | access-date=21 December 2024}}

{{reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20170827045135/https://www.audreyazoulay-unesco2017.fr/en/ Audrey Azoulay's website as Candidate for Director-General for UNESCO]

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Category:1972 births

Category:21st-century French politicians

Category:21st-century French women politicians

Category:École nationale d'administration alumni

Category:21st-century French Jews

Category:Ministers of culture of France

Category:French people of Moroccan-Jewish descent

Category:Living people

Category:Paris Dauphine University alumni

Category:Politicians from Paris

Category:Sciences Po alumni

Category:Women government ministers of France

Category:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

Category:UNESCO Directors-General

Category:People from Yvelines