Australian diaspora
{{Short description|Australian emigrants and their descendants}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Australian diaspora
| image = Flag of Australia (converted).svg
| region1 = Australian diaspora
| region2 = {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
| region3 = {{Flag|Greece}}
| region4 = {{Flag|United States}}
| region5 = {{Flag|New Zealand}}
| region6 = {{Flag|Italy}}
| region7 = {{Flag|Vietnam}}
| region8 = {{Flag|Canada}}
| region9 = {{flag|Singapore}}
| pop9 = 20,000 (2012)
| region10 = {{flag|Thailand}}
| pop10 = 20,000 (2008)
| region11 = {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| pop11 = 16,000 (2015) 0.17% of the UAE population
| region12 = {{Flag|South Korea}}
| pop12 = 15,222 (2019){{Cite web|url=http://viewer.moj.go.kr/skin/doc.html?rs=/result/bbs/227&fn=temp_1581918117248100|title=Document Viewer|website=viewer.moj.go.kr}}
| region13 = {{Flag|Hong Kong}}
| pop13 = 14,669 (2016)
100,000{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/hong-kong/hong-kong-brief#:~:text=Hong%20Kong%20is%20home%20to,Hong%20Kong%20live%20in%20Australia.|title=Hong Kong brief|website=www.dfat.gov.au}}
| region14 = {{Flag|Germany}}
| region15 = {{Flag|China}}
| region16 = {{Flag|Turkey}}
| region17 = {{Flag|Malta}}
| region18 = {{Flag|Japan}}
| region19 = {{Flag|Netherlands}}
| region20 = {{Flag|Indonesia}}
| region21 = {{Flag|France}}
| region22 = {{Flag|Spain}}
| region23 = {{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}
| region24 = {{Flag|Ireland}}
| region25 = {{Flag|Switzerland}}
| region26 = {{Flag|South Africa}}
| region27 = {{Flag|Sweden}}
| region28 = {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| region29 = {{Flag|Brazil}}
| pop29 = 4,352 (2024)[https://www.nepo.unicamp.br/observatorio/bancointerativo/numeros-imigracao-internacional/sincre-sismigra/ Immigrants in Brazil (2024, in Portuguese)]
| region30 = {{Flag|Denmark}}
| region31 = {{flag|Malaysia}}
| pop31 = 3,000 - 4,000
| region32 = {{flag|India}}
| pop32 = 3,000 - 4,000[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/australians-in-india-edgy-over-backlash/articleshow/5442367.cms?curpg=1 Australians in India edgy over backlash]
| region33 = {{flag|Philippines}}
| region34 = {{flag|Qatar}}
| region35 = {{Flag|Austria}}
| region36 = {{Flag|Israel}}
| region37 = {{Flag|Cyprus}}
| region38 = {{Flag|Belgium}}
| region39 = {{Flag|Fiji}}
| region40 = {{Flag|Norway}}
| region41 = {{flag|Finland}}
| pop41 = 1,402{{Cite web|url=https://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rv.px/|title=Origin and background country by sex, by municipality, 1990–2021|publisher=Statistics Finland|access-date=2022-06-08|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601225051/https://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rv.px/|url-status=dead}}
| region42 = {{flag|Portugal}}
| region43 = {{Flag|Poland}}
| region44 = {{Flag|Hungary}}
| region45 = {{Flag|Czech Republic}}
| region46 = {{Flag|Serbia}}
| region47 = {{Flag|Croatia}}
| region48 = {{Flag|Peru}}
| region49 = {{Flag|Libya}}
| region50 = {{Flag|Brunei}}
| region51 = {{Flag|Timor Leste}}
| region52 = {{Flag|Vanuatu}}
}}
The Australian diaspora are those Australians living outside of Australia. It includes approximately 598,765 Australian-born people living outside of Australia,{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd_2020_international_migration_highlights.pdf|title=UNDESA 2020 International Migration Highlights}} people who are Australian citizens and live outside Australia, and people with Australian ancestry who live outside of Australia.
In 2020, 2.34% of the Australian population lived overseas, which is lower than most OECD countries, except the USA (0.89%) and Japan (0.64%).
History
The diaspora was reported on in a 2003 Committee for Economic Development of Australia (CEDA) research report, "Australia's Diaspora: Its Size, Nature and Policy Implications".{{cite web |first=Graeme |last=Hugo |author2=Dianne Rudd |author3=Kevin Harris |year=2003 |url=http://ceda.com.au/public/publications/info_paper/ip_80.html |title=CEDA Information Paper 80: Australia's Diaspora: Its Size, Nature and Policy Implications |publisher=CEDA (Committee for Economic Development of Australia) |access-date=22 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820110759/http://ceda.com.au/public/publications/info_paper/ip_80.html |archive-date=20 August 2006 |df=dmy-all }} The report argued for an Australian government policy of maintaining active contact with the diaspora.
In 2005, Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee (a standing committee) reported into the issue of Expatriate Australians and made recommendations that the "Australian Government needs to make greater efforts to connect
In contrast to many countries which experience a "brain drain" due to emigration, the 2003 CEDA report argued that emigration was a net positive for Australia, with the country seeing "brain circulation" as Australians added to their skills and expertise, and a "brain gain", as these skilled expatriates tended to return to Australia and new skilled immigrants arrive. Between 1999 and 2003, there were seven highly educated migrants to Australia for every one highly educated Australian who was living elsewhere in countries within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).{{cite web|url = http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/3cf3335edc1a3f7fca2571b0000ea963!OpenDocument#1%20Hugo%2C%20G%2C%20Rudd%2C%20D%20and%20Harris%2C%20K%2C|title = Australian expatriates in OECD countries|work = 4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, 2006 |date = 20 July 2006|publisher = Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date = 29 October 2008}} Levels of skilled immigration to Australia reflect Government policies to "practise a selective immigration policy based on human capital criteria".{{cite web|url = http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/27/5/33868740.pdf|format = pdf (34 pages)|last = Dumont|first = Jean-Christophe Dumont |author2= Georges Lemaître |year = 2005|title = Counting immigrants and expatriates in OECD countries: a new perspective|publisher = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Directorate for Employment Labour and Social Affairs, DELSA|location = Paris|access-date = 29 October 2008}}
Countries by Australian diaspora
=United Kingdom=
In 2021, 165,000 Australian-born people lived in the United Kingdom.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/populationoftheunitedkingdombycountryofbirthandnationality|title=Population by country of birth and nationality (Discontinued after June 2021) - Office for National Statistics|website=www.ons.gov.uk}} The 2011 UK Census recorded 113,592 residents born in Australia in England, 2,695 in Wales,{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/quick-statistics-for-england-and-wales-on-national-identity--passports-held-and-country-of-birth/rft-qs213ew.xls|title=2011 Census: Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=26 March 2013|access-date=20 November 2015}} 8,279 in Scotland,{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2a_COB_detailed_Scotland.pdf|title=Country of birth (detailed)|publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=20 November 2015}} and 1,750 in Northern Ireland.{{cite web|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls |title=Country of Birth – Full Detail: QS206NI |publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency |access-date=20 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095516/http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls |archive-date=4 March 2016 |df=dmy }}
=United States=
In 2019, there were 98,619 Australian-born people living in the United States.{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=Place%20of%20Birth&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B05006&hidePreview=false|title = Explore Census Data}} In 2001, the major places of residence were: 25,000 living in Los Angeles; 17,000 in San Francisco; 17,000 in Washington, D.C.; and 15,000 in New York.{{cite web|url=http://www.southern-cross-group.org/archives/Statistics/Numbers_of_Australians_Overseas_in_2001_by_Region_Feb_2002.pdf |title=Estimates of Australian Citizens Living Overseas as at December 2001 |date=14 February 2001 |publisher=Southern Cross Group (DFAT data) |access-date=15 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720101723/http://www.southern-cross-group.org/archives/Statistics/Numbers_of_Australians_Overseas_in_2001_by_Region_Feb_2002.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2008 }}
=New Zealand=
In 2018, there were 75,696 Australian-born people living in New Zealand.{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights-updated|title=2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights (updated) | Stats NZ|website=www.stats.govt.nz}} The Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement enables Australians and New Zealanders to migrate between Australia and New Zealand without complying with usual immigration requirements.
=Hong Kong=
In 2016, there were 14,669 Australian-born people living in Hong Kong.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-mt.html|title=Main Tables | 2016 Population By-census|website=www.bycensus2016.gov.hk|access-date=22 January 2022|archive-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008214316/https://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-mt.html|url-status=dead}}
=China=
In 2010, there were 13,286 Australian-born people living in Mainland China.{{cite web | url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/NewsEvents/201104/t20110429_26451.html#:~:text=The%20census%20covered%20234829%20residents,census%20enumeration%2C%20totaling%201020145%20persons | title=Major Figures on Residents from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Foreigners Covered by 2010 Population Census }}
= Germany =
In 2021 there were 26,000 Australian-born people living in Germany.{{Cite web |title=Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach ausgewählten Geburtsstaaten |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Statistisches Bundesamt |language=de}} In recent years,{{when|date=April 2022}} the number of Australians living abroad in Germany has increased.
Comparison with the expatriate populations of other countries
In 2020, 2.34% of the Australian population lived overseas, which is lower than most OECD countries, except the USA (0.89%) and Japan (0.64%).
Education levels of Australian expatriates were high: 44% of Australian expatriates in other OECD countries had a high level of education.Notes on education levels from the ABS: (c) High level includes ISCED5A: Academic tertiary, ISCED5B: Vocational tertiary, ISCED 6: Advanced research. (d) Overall, 3% of OECD expatriates in the OECD had no information on educational attainment. These have been excluded from the total in calculating the proportion. (e) The migrant to expatriate ratio for people with a high level of education for a particular country is: the ratio of the number of migrants from other OECD countries with a high level of education living in that country, to the number of that country's expatriates with a high level of education. Japanese expatriates had the highest proportion, with 50% having a high level of education. 49% of expatriates from the USA had a high education as did 45% of expatriates from New Zealand.
See also
{{Portal|Australia}}
References and notes
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite journal|journal=International Migration|volume=44|issue=1|pages=105–133|date=13 February 2006|publisher=International Organization for Migration|title=An Australian Diaspora?|author=Graeme Hugo|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2435.2006.00357.x}}
- {{cite book|title=Competing for Global Talent|editor1=Christiane Kuptsch |editor2=Pang Eng Fong |editor3=Eng Fong Pang |pages=143–145|publisher=International Labour Organization|year=2006|isbn=978-92-9014-776-3|chapter=Australian experience in skilled migration|author=Graeme Hugo}}
External links
- {{cite web
|year = 2005
|url = http://www.southern-cross-group.org/austdiaspora/overview.html
|title = Senate Inquiry into Australian Expatriates: Overview. Final Inquiry Report Tabled on 8 March 2005
|publisher = Southern Cross Group
|access-date = 8 January 2006
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051227145559/http://www.southern-cross-group.org/austdiaspora/overview.html
|archive-date = 27 December 2005
|df = dmy-all
}}
- {{cite news
| author=Harry Heidelberg
| url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/01/13/1041990218079.html
| title=What to make of the Australian diaspora
| publisher=Sydney Morning Herald
| access-date=8 January 2006
| date=13 January 2003| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060115104613/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/01/13/1041990218079.html| archive-date= 15 January 2006 | url-status= live}}
- {{cite web
|year = 2003
|url = http://www.southern-cross-group.org/expataustralian/diversity.html
|title = The Extent and Diversity of the Australian Diaspora
|publisher = Southern Cross Group
|access-date = 8 January 2006
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050829143020/http://www.southern-cross-group.org/expataustralian/diversity.html
|archive-date = 29 August 2005
|df = dmy-all
}}
{{Australian diaspora}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Australian Diaspora}}