Australian region tropical cyclone

There is a history of tropical cyclones affecting northeastern Australia for over 5000 years; however, Clement Lindley Wragge was the first person to monitor and name them.{{cite journal |last1=Nott |first1=Jonathan |title=Palaeotempestology: the study of prehistoric tropical cyclones—a review and implications for hazard assessment |journal=Environment International |date=May 2004 |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=433–447 |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2003.09.010 |pmid=14987874 }}

In the early history of tropical cyclones in the Australian region, the only evidence of a storm was based on ship reports and observations from land. Later, satellite imagery began in the basin in the 1959-60 season, although it was not continuous until 1970. In Western Australia in particular, the lack of population centers, shipping lanes, radars, and offshore stations meant that storms were tracked infrequently. After the onset of satellite imagery, the Dvorak technique was used to estimate storms' intensities and locations.{{cite book |last1=Buchan |first1=S.J. |last2=Black |first2=P.G. |last3=Cohen |first3=R.L. |year=1999 |chapter=The Impact of Tropical Cyclone Olivia on Australia's Northwest Shelf |title=Offshore Technology Conference |doi=10.4043/10791-MS }}

Each of three tropical cyclone warning centres (TCWCs) of the Bureau of Meteorology in Perth, Darwin and Brisbane used its own tropical cyclone naming list until the 2008–09 season, when the three TCWCs started to use the single Australian national naming list. From the 2020–21 season, the three TCWCs were unified into one single TCWC which still monitors all tropical cyclones that form within the Australian region, including any within the areas of responsibility of TCWC Jakarta or TCWC Port Moresby.{{cite web |title=Regional Association V -Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean |url=https://wmoomm.sharepoint.com/sites/wmocpdb/eve_activityarea/Forms/AllItems.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2Fwmocpdb%2Feve%5Factivityarea%2FTropical%20Cyclone%20Programme%20%28TCP%29%5F73452102%2D7575%2De911%2Da98e%2D000d3a44bd9c%2FOperational%20Plans%2F05%5FRAV%2DTropicalCycloneCommittee%2DRA%20V%20TCC%2F2020%5FRAV%5FTropicalCycloneOperationalPlan%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2Fwmocpdb%2Feve%5Factivityarea%2FTropical%20Cyclone%20Programme%20%28TCP%29%5F73452102%2D7575%2De911%2Da98e%2D000d3a44bd9c%2FOperational%20Plans%2F05%5FRAV%2DTropicalCycloneCommittee%2DRA%20V%20TCC&p=true&originalPath=aHR0cHM6Ly93bW9vbW0uc2hhcmVwb2ludC5jb20vOmI6L3Mvd21vY3BkYi9FVEx3eGJ2QVY5dE1wMGlnTHNhU0UtQUJyY0twSHRVb20xZGpNdWdSd3VlOUV3P3J0aW1lPWZkbmExOHE5MkVn |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=21 January 2021 |page=15 |date=2020 |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803020208/https://login.microsoftonline.com/eaa6be54-4687-40c4-9827-c044bd8e8d3c/oauth2/authorize?client_id=00000003-0000-0ff1-ce00-000000000000&response_mode=form_post&protectedtoken=true&response_type=code%20id_token&resource=00000003-0000-0ff1-ce00-000000000000&scope=openid&nonce=CEAD55C06802B45542757E4AC51040B272BF6E60B4EE42B0-86B351F801A55323EBAB62739090F64906540E10CA4D0077D8CB02F285801078&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwmoomm.sharepoint.com%2F_forms%2Fdefault.aspx&state=OD0w&claims=%7B%22id_token%22%3A%7B%22xms_cc%22%3A%7B%22values%22%3A%5B%22CP1%22%5D%7D%7D%7D&wsucxt=1&cobrandid=11bd8083-87e0-41b5-bb78-0bc43c8a8e8a&client-request-id=d23957a0-707f-4000-e5db-2800ede55015&sso_reload=true |url-status=live }} Later in 2021, the Australian tropical cyclone warning centre was officially named as TCWC Melbourne.{{RA V Tropical cyclone operational plan}}

The Australian region is currently defined as being between 90°E and 160°E, and is monitored by five different warning centres during the season, which runs from 1 November to 30 April.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}

The Bureau of Meteorology defines four regions within the Australian region which are used when the bureau issues tropical cyclone seasonal outlooks every year. These four regions are named the Western region, the Northwestern sub-region, the Northern region and the Eastern region. The Australian region overall averages eleven tropical cyclones in a season, and the bureau assesses the region as a whole to have a high level of accuracy when forecasting tropical cyclone activity.{{cite web|title=Australian Tropical Cyclone Outlook for 2020 to 2021|date=12 October 2020|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|location=Australia|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cyclones/australia/archive/20201012.archive.shtml|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012005219/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cyclones/australia/|url-status=live}}

The Western region encompasses the area east of 90°E and west of 125°E. The region covers the eastern Indian Ocean including the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island, and waters off Western Australia west of Kuri Bay. The region also covers waters off Indonesia that include the main islands of Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores and the western half of Timor. The region averages seven tropical cyclones in a season, and the bureau assesses the region to have a low level of accuracy when forecasting tropical cyclone activity.

The Northwestern sub-region encompasses the area east of 105°E, west of 130°E and north of 25°S. The sub-region covers waters off Western Australia north of Shark Bay, and extends westward to Christmas Island. The sub-region also covers waters off Indonesia as far west as Java and as far east as Timor. The sub-region averages five tropical cyclones in a season, and the bureau assesses the sub-region to have a moderate level of accuracy when forecasting tropical cyclone activity.

The Northern region encompasses the area east of 125°E and west of 142.5°E. The region covers the Timor Sea, the Banda Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. The region averages three tropical cyclones in a season, and the bureau assesses the region to have a very low level of accuracy when forecasting tropical cyclone activity.

The Eastern region encompasses the area east of 142.5°E and west of 160°E. The region covers waters east of Torres Strait and includes the Coral Sea and the Tasman Sea. Lord Howe Island lies within the region, but Norfolk Island lies east of the region, although the bureau continues to monitor tropical cyclones when they are a threat to the external territory.{{cite web|title=Upgrades to the Norfolk Island Tropical Cyclone Warning Service|date=20 December 2012|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/weather-services/announcements/nsw/Norfolk_Island_TC_Service_Upgrade.shtml|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|location=New South Wales, Australia|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=30 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130063254/http://www.bom.gov.au/weather-services/announcements/nsw/Norfolk_Island_TC_Service_Upgrade.shtml|url-status=live}} The region also covers waters off Papua New Guinea and western parts of the Solomon Islands. The region averages four tropical cyclones in a season, and the bureau assesses the region to have a low level of accuracy when forecasting tropical cyclone activity.

{{Main|List of Australian region cyclones before 1900}}

===1900–1909===

{{see|1900s Australian region cyclone seasons}}

===1910–1919===

{{see|1910s Australian region cyclone seasons}}

===1920–1929===

{{see|1920s Australian region cyclone seasons}}

===1930–1939===

{{see|1930s Australian region cyclone seasons}}

===1940–1949===

{{see|1940s Australian region cyclone seasons}}

===1950–1959===

{{see|1950s Australian region cyclone seasons}}

===1960–1969===

{{see|1960s Australian region cyclone seasons}}

{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}

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• Australian monsoon

{{Reflist|group=A}}

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/cyclone/ Australian Bureau of Meteorology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112010420/http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/cyclone/ |date=12 November 2009 }}
• [http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ Joint Typhoon Warning Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809201922/http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ |date=9 August 2015 }}
• [http://meteo.bmkg.go.id/siklon Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Jakarta] {{in lang|id}}
• [http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/index.html.en Digital Typhoon]

{{Cyclones}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Australian Region Cyclone Seasons}}

Australian region cyclone seasons

Australian region cyclone seasons