Austrochilidae
{{Short description|Family of spiders}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Thaida chepu male, eyes.jpg
| image_caption = Thaida chepu, male eyes
| taxon = Austrochilidae
| authority = Zapfe, 1955
| range_map = Distribution.austrochilidae.1.png
| range_map_upright = 1.1
| diversity = 2 genera, 9 species
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = {{linked genus list
|Austrochilus|Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955
|Thaida|Karsch, 1880}}
}}
Austrochilidae is a small spider family with nine species in two genera. Austrochilus and Thaida are endemic to the Andean forest of central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina.{{cite journal |last1=Forster |first1=R.R. |last2=Platnick |first2=N.I. |last3=Gray |first3=M.R. |date=1987
|title=A review of the spider superfamilies Hypochiloidea and Austrochiloidea (Araneae, Araneomorphae) |journal=American Museum of Natural History |volume=185 |issue=1 |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/969/1/B185a01.pdf |access-date=2017-05-11 |name-list-style=amp}}
Taxonomy
{{As of|2021|November}}, two genera are placed in the family Austrochilidae: Austrochilus and Thaida, found in Chile and Argentina.{{cite web|title=Family Austrochilidae Zapfe,1955|url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/12|url-status=live|access-date=12 November 2021|work=World Spider Catalog|publisher=Natural History Museum Bern|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142631/http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/12 |archive-date=2016-03-04 }} The taxonomic placement of these genera has varied. In 1968, Lehtinen synonymized Austrochilus and Thaida under the latter name, placing the genus in a family he called "Thaididae".{{cite journal |last1=Lehtinen |first1=P.T. |year=1967 |title=Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha |journal=Annales Zoologici Fennici |volume=4 |pages=199–468 }} However, the family name "Thaididae" is preoccupied, being first used for a family of gastropods in 1887. A single family was accepted by Forster et al. in 1987, under the name "Austrochilidae". Molecular phylogenetic studies agree in placing the two genera as basal members of the Araneomorphae, although the precise details and the family placement are not yet agreed.{{cite journal |last1=Wheeler |first1=Ward C. |last2=Coddington |first2=Jonathan A. |last3=Crowley |first3=Louise M. |last4=Dimitrov |first4=Dimitar |last5=Goloboff |first5=Pablo A. |last6=Griswold |first6=Charles E. |last7=Hormiga |first7=Gustavo |last8=Prendini |first8=Lorenzo |last9=Ramírez |first9=Martín J. |last10=Sierwald |first10=Petra |last11=Almeida-Silva |first11=Lina |last12=Alvarez-Padilla |first12=Fernando |last13=Arnedo |first13=Miquel A. |last14=Benavides Silva |first14=Ligia R. |last15=Benjamin |first15=Suresh P. |last16=Bond |first16=Jason E. |last17=Grismado |first17=Cristian J. |last18=Hasan |first18=Emile |last19=Hedin |first19=Marshal |last20=Izquierdo |first20=Matías A. |last21=Labarque |first21=Facundo M. |last22=Ledford |first22=Joel |last23=Lopardo |first23=Lara |last24=Maddison |first24=Wayne P. |last25=Miller |first25=Jeremy A. |last26=Piacentini |first26=Luis N. |last27=Platnick |first27=Norman I. |last28=Polotow |first28=Daniele |last29=Silva-Dávila |first29=Diana |last30=Scharff |first30=Nikolaj |last31=Szűts |first31=Tamás |last32=Ubick |first32=Darrell |last33=Vink |first33=Cor J. |last34=Wood |first34=Hannah M. |last35=Zhang |first35=Junxia |date=2016 |title=The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling |journal=Cladistics |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=574–616 |doi=10.1111/cla.12182 |pmid=34724759 |s2cid=35535038 |name-list-style=amp|doi-access=free }}
=Phylogeny=
One hypothesis for the phylogeny of the genera placed in the family is shown below (Austrochilidae genera in bold). The family shows a mixture of "primitive" and "advanced" features. The retention of four book lungs places the family at the base of the Araneomorphae, whereas some features of their silk production are regarded as derived.
{{clade |style=line-height:100%;
|label1=Araneomorphae
|1={{clade
|1=Hypochilidae + Filistatidae + Synspermiata
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Leptoneta
|2=Austrochilus + Thaidu
}}
|2=remaining Araneomorphae
}}
}}
}}
}}
Species
{{main|List of Austrochilidae species}}
{{as of|2021|11}}, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:{{cite web| title=Family: Austrochilidae Zapfe, 1955| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2019-04-19| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/12}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
- Austrochilus Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 — Chile, Argentina
- Thaida Karsch, 1880 — Chile, Argentina
{{div col end}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
- Grismado, C. J., L. Lopardo & N. I. Platnick (2003). A new species of Austrochilus from Chile (Araneae, Austrochilidae, Austrochilinae). J. Arachnol. 31: 148–150. [http://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v31_n1/arac-31-01-0148.pdf PDF] (A. forsteri)
{{Wikispecies|Austrochilidae}}
{{Araneae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5896}}