Automotive industry in Australia#top10models

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| alt1 = Ford Model T launch in Geelong

| caption1 = Ford Model T parked outside the Geelong Library at its launch in Australia in 1925

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File:NAA A1200 L84254 Ben Chifley at the launching of the first mass-produced Australian car 1948.jpg at the launching of the Holden 48-215 on 29 November 1948.]]

Australian constructors were very active at the very beginning of both car and aircraft development and in some areas, ahead of their overseas counterparts. Due to the isolation of Australia, it was more practical for Australia to make their own cars.{{cite web|url=http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/479.html |title=Technology in Australia 1788–1988: Motorised Vehicles |page=479 |publisher=Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre |year=2000 |access-date=2012-07-31}}

The Highland was one of the first types of automobiles to be offered for sale in Australia, firstly in 1894 as a primitive motorised tricycle, then two years later as a four-wheeled, two-seater vehicle using bicycle components.Davis, Pedr & Tony, "Aussie Cars", Marque Publishing, Sydney, Australia, 1987 {{ISBN|0-947079-01-7}}

The first true cars made in Australia were steam cars. The first of these steam cars, the Phaeton, was made in 1896 by Herbert Thomson and Edward Holmes of Armadale, Melbourne. It was exhibited in 1900 using the first pneumatic tyres made in Australia by Dunlop. The 5 horsepower single cylinder steam carriage which is now in the Institute of Applied Sciences, Melbourne, was reliable and durable enough to take Thomson and a friend 493 miles from Bathurst to Melbourne at an average speed of 8.7 mp/h.{{cite web|url=http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/478.html |title=Technology in Australia 1788–1988: Motorised Vehicles |page=478 |publisher=Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre |year=2000 |access-date=2012-07-31}}

In 1900 Bruno Hammer built a one off automobile in Mount Torrens, South Australia.{{cite book |last1=Brooks |first1=George |last2=Hoffmann |first2=Ivan |title=South Australian Motor Cars, 1881-1942 |date=December 1987 |publisher=Vinall Family |location=South Australia |isbn=0731604857 |page=62}}

In 1901 Harley Tarrant produced the first Tarrant automobile, which was the first petrol-driven car built entirely in Australia in a small workshop in Melbourne. Before that, Tarrant had been using the shop to build engines. Tarrant was joined in this endeavour by bicycle maker, Howard Lewis. The car was powered by a rear-mounted 6 hp Benz engine. This car was followed by many improved designs, including the first fully enclosed car body made in Australia. Later models included locally produced components including: engines, gearboxes and rear axles. The sole surviving Tarrant is on display at the RACV City Club, on the chancery level.

In 1903, the Australian Motoring Association was formed in New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria to protect the interests of motorists. In 1924, this was followed by the Australian Automobile Association.

On 31 March 1925, Ford announced that its Australian headquarters were to be at Geelong, Victoria. The first Australian-built Ford was a Model T launched in June 1925.

Tyre manufacturing also existed in Australia. However, the last tyre factory closed in April 2010 when Bridgestone ceased production in their facility in Salisbury, South Australia.{{cite web| url = http://www.mta.org.nz/n1327.html| title = Reference at www.mta.org.nz| access-date = 23 February 2010| archive-date = 24 July 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724200807/http://www.mta.org.nz/n1327.html| url-status = dead}}

Source:,{{cite web |url=http://www.fcai.com.au/sales/monthly-production-volumes |title=VFACTS Sales Reports |publisher=FCAI |access-date=2012-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215102853/http://www.fcai.com.au/sales/monthly-production-volumes |archive-date=15 February 2013 |url-status=dead }} OICA

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The current mainstream automotive manufacturers in Australia all build heavy vehicles. Large scale production of light vehicles ended with the departure of Holden.

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File:Transport NSW liveried (mo 6088), operated by Hillsbus, Bustech CDi at Castle Hill Interchange.jpg CDi double decker bus]]

Bustech has manufactured buses in Gold Coast, Queensland since 1998.

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File:Allens Coaches- Denning Silver Phoenix 3939 MO.jpg Silver Phoenix]]

Denning Manufacturing has manufactured buses in Brisbane since 2004

File:New Zealand Trucks - Flickr - 111 Emergency (71).jpg assembled in Dandenong]]

Iveco Australia is a subsidiary of CNH Industrial and was formed after the takeover of International Trucks. It currently produces the Iveco PowerStar in a number of variants and, up until 2020, the venerable ACCO. It is known for being the only foreign semi truck maker that isn't producing an American branded Conventional semi truck.

IVECO Australia has announced it will cease local manufacturing at its Dandenong plant from mid-2022.

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File:Woolworths transport truck.jpg T404]]

Kenworth Australia is a wholly owned subsidiary of Paccar Inc. Kenworth are currently the largest single-nameplate manufacturer in Australia.{{cite web | url=https://www.trucksales.com.au/editorial/details/2019-australian-truck-sales-who-grew-who-didnt-122323/ | title=2019 Australian truck sales – who grew, who didn't }} Kenworth began Australian production in 1971 and mainly manufactures heavy duty semi trucks specifically for the Australian and New Zealand markets at their plant in Bayswater, Victoria. In 2018, Paccar began assembly of DAF Trucks from a facility next to Kenworth.{{clear}}

Mack trucks have been manufactured in Australia since 1963, starting at Richlands, Queensland.

On 26 April 2000, Volvo acquired the truck and bus arm of Renault. This sale included Mack. Volvo Group Australia moved Mack production into their Wacol facility not long after.

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Volvo Group Australia began Australian production in Wacol, Queensland in 1972.

After the acquisition of Mack in April 2000, both manufacturers were merged into the one facility at Wacol. This is now{{when|date=January 2024}} the largest vehicle plant in Australia.

File:1962 Standard Vanguard Six (22033100295).jpg was one of many models produced by Australian Motor Industries]]

{{Main|Australian Motor Industries}}

Founded in 1926, Australian Motor Industries (AMI) began assembly operations in 1952. It produced a wide range of Standard, Triumph, Mercedes-Benz cars, as well as variety of Rambler models from American Motors Corporation (AMC) up to 1987. Assembly of Toyota automobiles began in 1963. The Japanese company took a controlling interest in AMI in 1968 and increased its investment until AMI renamed itself as AMI Toyota Ltd in 1985.

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File:Leyland P76 Super slightly cropped to eliminate distracting neighbor from view.jpg from 1973 to 1975]]

{{Main|British Motor Corporation (Australia)}}

British Leyland assembled and manufactured vehicles in Australia from 1950 to 1975. British Leyland was formed when Leyland Motors and British Motor Holdings (formerly BMC) merged.

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File:Chrysler VF Valiant Pacer.JPG produced the Chrysler Valiant from 1962 to 1980]]

{{Main|Chrysler Australia}}

Chrysler departed the Australian car market in 1981 when it sold the remainder of its shareholding in Chrysler Australia Ltd to the Mitsubishi Motor Corporation of Japan. The new owner renamed the company Mitsubishi Motors Australia (MMA) and this company continues to operate today as one of Australia's major importers of road vehicles. However, local production of passenger vehicles was discontinued in March 2008.Federal Chamber of Commerce: "VFACTS monthly report" December 2008 During the 1970s, Chrysler began working closely with Mitsubishi Motors Corporation after they acquired a 15 percent interest in the company in 1971, with the result that Chrysler Australia began building Mitsubishi-designed Chrysler-branded vehicles such as the Chrysler Valiant Galant (1972–1977 Mitsubishi Galant) and the Chrysler Sigma (1977–1985 Mitsubishi Galant). The Tonsley Park plant was sold to Mitsubishi Motors Corporation and was run by Mitsubishi Motors Australia after Chrysler pulled out of Australian manufacturing in 1980. Production of the popular Sigma and Colt range of vehicles continued under the Mitsubishi name until the late-1980s, when production was switched exclusively to the Magna.

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File:2015 Ford Territory (SZ II) TX AWD wagon (2015-07-03) 01.jpg, an Australian SUV]]

{{Main|Ford Australia}}

Ford Australia is the Australian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company and was founded in Geelong in 1925 as an outpost of Ford Motor Company of Canada, Limited. At that time, Ford Canada was a separate company from Ford USA. Henry Ford had granted the manufacturing rights to Ford in British Empire (later Commonwealth) countries (excepting the UK) to Canadian investors. Ford Australia also has a performance car division, Ford Performance Vehicles, with the cars being marketed under the FPV brand. In May 2013 Ford announced that it will end Australian production in October 2016,{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-05-23/ford-to-close-geelong-and-broadmeadows-plants/4707960 |title=Ford Australia to close Broadmeadows and Geelong plants, 1,200 jobs to go |author= |date=23 May 2013 |work=ABC News (Australia) |access-date=22 May 2013}} but will remain as a competitor in the Australian marketplace with imported vehicles. All factories had closed by 20 October 2016.

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File:2016 Holden Commodore (VF II) SV6 sedan (2016-08-13) 01.jpg (prior to 2018) was a locally produced vehicle by Holden]]

{{Main|Holden}}

Holden was an Australian automaker based in Elizabeth, South Australia. After local production ended in 2017, the company became an importer of GM-branded motor vehicles. The company was founded in 1856 as a saddlery business in Adelaide, South Australia, but later moved into the automotive field, becoming a subsidiary of General Motors (GM) in 1931. Holden has taken charge of vehicle operations for GM in Australasia and, on behalf of GM, holds partial ownership of GM Korea (formerly GM Daewoo) in South Korea. Over the years, Holden has offered a broad range of original, locally produced vehicles (such as the Holden Commodore), supplemented by imported GM models. In the past, Holden had offered badge-engineered Chevrolet, Isuzu, Nissan, Suzuki, Toyota, and Vauxhall Motors models in sharing arrangements, with Daewoo, Opel, and Isuzu-sourced models sold in later years. Holden also had a performance vehicle partner, Holden Special Vehicles, which marketed modified Holdens under the HSV brand. In December 2013, Holden announced they would end their local manufacturing operations in Australia on 20 October 2017.{{cite news |url=http://theage.drive.com.au/motor-news/holden-to-cease-manufacturing-in-2017-20131211-2z5mp.html |title=Holden to cease manufacturing in 2017 |publisher=Theage.drive.com.au |date=11 December 2013 |access-date=10 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214180237/http://theage.drive.com.au/motor-news/holden-to-cease-manufacturing-in-2017-20131211-2z5mp.html |archive-date=14 December 2013 |url-status=dead }} After the closure of its production plant in Elizabeth, South Australia, Holden changed its business focus to car styling and importing.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} The Holden brand name was retired in 2020 and dealers compensated as they were shut down.{{cite news| url = https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-17/holden-car-brand-axed-after-160-years-in-australia/11972092| title = Holden car brand, maker of Commodore and Barina, axed across Australia and New Zealand - ABC News| website = Australian Broadcasting Corporation| date = 17 February 2020}} {{cite web| url = https://www.caradvice.com.au/861880/holden-dealers-sign-150-million-compensation-deal/| title = Holden Dealers Sign $150 Million Compensation Deal {{!}} Drive Car News}}

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{{Main|Leader Trucks}}

Leader Trucks was a truck manufacturing company based in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia. It was established as an initiative of Cyril Anderson and Western Transport. Nearly 2,000 trucks were manufactured between 1972 and 1984.

File:1985 Mitsubishi Sigma (GN) GL 2.6 station wagon (2015-07-15).jpg produced the Sigma from 1980 to 1987]]

{{Main|Mitsubishi Motors Australia}}

Mitsubishi Motors Australia (MMA) is a fully owned subsidiary of parent company Mitsubishi Motors Corporation of Japan. A site in Tonsley, South Australia was the location of MMA's vehicle assembly plant. The plant was closed in March 2008 when lacklustre sales of the large Mitsubishi 380 confirmed that domestic vehicle manufacturing was no longer viable.

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File:1989-1992 Nissan Pintara (U12) Ti sedan 01.jpg was a product of Nissan Australia]]

{{Main|Nissan Motor Australia}}

Nissan began assembling cars in 1966, when Pressed Metal Corporation began assembly of the Datsun Bluebird 1300. This deal ended after about a year and a half, but by 1968 Motor Producers Ltd. of Melbourne began assembling Datsuns again at their Clayton plant. By 1971 locally assembled cars were to include the 1200 and 1600 saloons, with at least 60% local parts content. A deal lasting until 1976 was signed with Motor Producers.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110667289 |title= Datsun assembly deal | editor-last = Brown | editor-first = Robin |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=13 July 1971 |access-date=18 January 2015 |page=13 }}

Nissan used the Clayton factory to build cars in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis. Models produced in Australia included the Pulsar, Pintara, and Skyline. By the end of the 1980s, however, Nissan was facing financial difficulties, while Nissan's local car assembly lines closed in 1992.

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Renault (Australia) Pty Ltd was established in the late 1950s to organise the importation and contract assembly of Renault vehicles in Australia.Pedr Davis, The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring, 1986, page 402 In August 1966 Renault Australia purchased the assembly facilities of Continental and General Distributors at Heidelberg in Victoria. Models including the Renault 10, 12, 16"Renault 16", Unique Cars, Issue 323, 13 Apr – 13 May 2011, page 116 and 18{{cite web| url = http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_renault_18GTS.htm| title = Renault 18GTS}}. www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au, Retrieved on 23 November 2012 were assembled and the company also entered into an agreement to assemble cars for Peugeot. Australian production ended with the closure of the Heidelberg plant in July 1981 with LNC Industries then taking over importation and distribution of Renaults in Australia. As of 2012, Renault vehicles are sold in Australia through Vehicle Distributors Australia, a wholly owned subsidiary of Nissan Australia.{{cite web| url = http://www.renault.com.au/about_us/renault_group| title = Renault and Australia| access-date = 23 November 2012| archive-date = 3 May 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130503192906/http://www.renault.com.au/about_us/renault_group| url-status = dead}}, www.renault.com.au, Retrieved on 23 November 2012.

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File:Humber Vogue Series I.jpg was produced by Rootes Australia]]

{{Main|Rootes Australia}}

Rootes Australia produced a range of Hillman, Humber, and Singer automobiles in Australia between 1946 and 1965. In December 1965, Rootes Australia was merged with Chrysler Australia.

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File:2016 Toyota Aurion (GSV50R) AT-X sedan (2018-02-20) 01.jpg, built at the Altona plant]]

Toyota Australia (TA), is a subsidiary of Toyota. TA first began in 1958, TA markets Toyota products and manages motorsport, advertising and business operations for Toyota in Australia. TA is also responsible for Lexus vehicles in Australia.

On 10 February 2014, Toyota announced it would cease manufacturing vehicles and engines in Australia.{{cite news| author=Mark Hawthorne |url=http://www.theage.com.au/business/toyota-to-exit-australian-manufacturing-2500-jobs-to-go-20140210-32cl3.html |title=Toyota to exit Australia, 30,000 jobs could go |publisher=The Age|date=10 February 2014 |access-date=10 February 2014}}{{cite news|last=Dunckley |first=Mathew |url=http://www.portnews.com.au/story/2078487/toyota-confirms-exit-from-australian-manufacturing-in-2017/?cs=2452 |title=Toyota confirms exit from Australian manufacturing in October 3, 2017 |work=Port Macquarie News |publisher=Portnews.com.au |date=10 February 2014 |access-date=10 February 2014}} The Altona plant was closed on 3 October 2017, marking the end of locally produced Toyota vehicles in Australia.

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File:Volkswagen Country Buggy.jpg was a product of Volkswagen Australia]]

Volkswagen Australia Pty Ltd was formed in 1954 by Volkswagen of Germany and various Australian state Volkswagen distributors.Pedr Davis, The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring, 1986, page 519 The company acquired a suitable site from Martin & King situated at Clayton having facilities for CKD vehicle assembly in Victoria, that site having been used for local assembly of the Volkswagen Beetle since 1954. By 1960, sheet metal panels were being pressed at Clayton, and by 1967 the engine and most components were being produced there.

In 1967 Volkswagen Australia developed a unique model, the Country Buggy, which used components from the Beetle and the Kombi.Tony Davis, Aussie Cars, 1987, page 99 This local design was later also manufactured in the Philippines.

Due to falling sales, the operation reverted to assembly only in 1968. A new company, Motor Producers Limited, was formed and operations were expanded to include Datsun and Volvo models as well as Volkswagens. The factory was sold to Nissan in 1976 and Australian assembly of Volkswagens ended shortly after.

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Western Star began assembly of kit trucks in 1983 at the former White Trucks factory in Wacol, Queensland. The kits were imported from Kelowna, BC Canada. This continued until 1992, when fully built trucks were imported from Canada.

File:Goggomobil 1960 Dart Front.jpg.]]

File:Coober-Pedy-Oodnadatta-Mail-Truck.JPG.]]

File:Elfin streamlinerMS8.jpg.]]

There are a number of current, previous or future small scale producers of cars in Australia, including;

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• Absolute Pace (1990–no longer present){{cite web|url=http://www.absolutepace.com/|title=Absolute Pace – Kit Car Manufacturer of Cobra & GT40 Replica's and other modern Sportscar kits (formally Race Car Replicas Australia)}}
• ACE EV (2018 – present){{cite web|url=https://www.ace-ev.com.au/|title=ACE EV - Australian Constructed Electric Vehicles}}
• Alpha Sports
• Amuza
• Ascort (1958–1960)
• Australian Six (1919–1930)
• Australis (1897–1907)
• Austral
• Birchfield (2003–present)
• Birrana
• Blade Electric Vehicles{{cite web |first=Ken |last=Gratton |url=http://www.carsales.com.au/news/2008/small-passenger/hyundai/getz/blade-electron-an-electric-getz-7592 |title=Blade Electron an electric Getz |publisher=Carsales.com.au |date=November 2008 |access-date=2012-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226131940/http://www.carsales.com.au/news/2008/small-passenger/hyundai/getz/blade-electron-an-electric-getz-7592 |archive-date=26 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}
• Bolwell (1963–present)1962 and 1979
• Bomac
• Borland Racing Developments
• Bowin Cars (1968–1976)
• Brabham Automotive (2017–2024)
• Buchanan
• Buckle Motors
• Bullet (1996–present)
• Bushranger
• Caldwell Vale (1907–1913)
• Canstel
• Carbontech{{cite web|url=http://www.carbontech.com.au/ |title=Carbontech |publisher=Carbontech |access-date=2012-11-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102002051/http://www.carbontech.com.au/ |archive-date=2 January 2013 }} (1999–present)
• Cheetah Racing Cars
• Chic (circa 1920s)
• Classic Glass
• Classic Revival (1989–present)
• Cobra Craft
• Custom Buses
• Daktari
• Daytona (2002–present)
• Denning
• Deuce Customs (1979–present)
• Devaux (2001–present)
• DRB Sports Cars (1997–present)
• E-Vade{{cite web|url=http://www.webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/e-vade-super-car.htm |title=E-Vade Super Car |publisher=Web Wombat |date=23 January 2008 |access-date=2012-07-31}}
• Elfin (1958–present)
• Evans
• Finch
• G-Force (1986–present)
• Giocattolo (1986–1989)
• Goggomobile (1958–1961)
• Hartnett (1949–1955)
• Harden Electric Vehicles (2020 – present){{cite web|url=https://www.hardenelectric.com.au/|title=Harden Electric Vehicles – Electric Vehicles Conversions & development of Australian Electric Vehicles}}
• Homebush
• Ilinga (1974–1975)
• Joss
• Kraftwerkz (2002–present)
• Lightburn (1963–1965)
• Lloyd-Hartnett
• Matich (1967–1974)
• Minetti Sports Cars
• Nasenbaer
• Nota (1955–present)
• OKA
• Pellandini Cars (1970–1978)
• Pioneer G.N. Georgano Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985). (1897–1898)
• Piper
• PMC Australia\Ansair
• PRB
• Purvis (1974–1991)
• Python (1981–present)
• Ralt
• RCM
• Rennmax (1962–1978)
• RFW
• RMC
• Roaring Forties (1997–present)
• Robnell
• Sharpbuilt
• Shrike (1988–1991)
• Skelta (2004–present)
• Southern Cross (1931–1935)
• Studebaker (1960-1966)
• Tomcar (2005 – present){{cite web |first=David |last=Hassall |url=http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/1B11FCD261CC6475CA2579DE00021DC5 |title=Tomcar – New local vehicle manufacturer |publisher=GoAuto |date=12 April 2012 |access-date=2012-07-31 |archive-date=2 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102052652/http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/1B11FCD261CC6475CA2579DE00021DC5 |url-status=dead }}
• White Pointer (car)
• Drive South (2020 - Present https://www.drivesouth.com.au/)

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File:Holden Commodore VK SS HDT (15322155954).jpg VK Commodore SS.]]

Current tuning or customisation companies in Australia include:

• Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) – the official performance vehicle partner of Holden
• Tekno Autosports{{cite web| url = http://www.teknoperformance.com.au/| title = Home| access-date = 20 April 2018| archive-date = 22 April 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180422021403/http://www.teknoperformance.com.au/| url-status = dead}} Tekno Performance
• Tickford Racing{{cite web| url = http://www.tickford.com.au/| title = Home| access-date = 20 April 2018| archive-date = 18 May 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180518183333/http://www.tickford.com.au/| url-status = dead}} Tickford
• Walkinshaw Performance – authorised Holden Special Vehicles and Hummer tuning company
• Corsa Specialised Vehicles* (CSV) is a small-scale automaker established in 1994 that is based in Mildura, Australia. Its range consists of V8 engine high performance cars based on those produced by Holden.

• Dick Johnson Racing{{cite web| url = https://www.motoring.com.au/ford-djr-320-falcon-3294/| title = Ford DJR 320 Falcon}} Motoring 1 May 2004
• Ford Tickford Experience (FTE) – former official performance vehicle partner of Ford Australia (1991–2002)
• Ford Performance Vehicles (FPV) – Ford Australia's in-house tuning company (2002–2014)
• HDT Special Vehicles (HDT) – former Holden tuning company (manufacturing arm of the Holden Dealer Team)
• Wayne Gardner Racing{{cite web| url = https://www.tradeuniquecars.com.au/features/1611/wayne-gardner’s-commodores| title = Wayne Gardner's Commodores| date = 2 November 2016}} Trade Unique Cars

{{Portal|Australia}}

• Manufacturing in Australia
• Button car plan
• Automotive industry in New Zealand
• Deindustrialization

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{{Economy of Australia}}

{{Automotive industry in Australia}}

{{Automotive industry}}