Azra Bihorac

Bihorac grew up near Brčko and earned her medical degree from the University of Sarajevo in 1990{{Cite web |title=ORCID Profile: Azra Bihorac |url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-2863 |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=orcid.org}} (a year before the Yugoslav Wars began) and started working at a hospital in Brčko.{{Cite web |title=LinkedIn profile: Azra Bihorac |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/azra-bihorac-a41a6623/ |website=LinkedIn}}

On April 29, 1992, weeks after the start of the Bosnian War, Bihorac fled the Bosnian genocide by escaping across the Sava river with her son, her medical degree, and 2,000 deutschmarks "sown in the underlining of [her] trench coat."{{Cite web |last=Bihorac |first=Azra |date=June 20, 2020 |title=@AzraBihorac |url=https://twitter.com/AzraBihorac/status/1274440144301375488 |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Twitter |language=en}} At 5 a.m. the following morning, the Brčko bridge massacre occurred and killed 100 civilians crossing the bridge.{{Cite web |last=Rovcanin |first=Haris |date=2021-04-30 |title=Brcko Bridge Blast Deaths Commemorated in Bosnia |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2021/04/30/brcko-bridge-blast-deaths-commemorated-in-bosnia/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Balkan Insight |language=en-US}}

At Marmara University in Istanbul, Turkey, Bihorac was an internal medicine resident and a nephrology fellow.

In 2000, Bihorac came to the United States as a research fellow of the International Society of Nephrology and began a nephrology training fellowship at the University of Florida College of Medicine. After completing her fellowship at the University of Florida, she remained in the United States. "I got political asylum because I couldn't go back to Turkey, couldn't go back to Bosnia," Bihorac said, "so in order to practice medicine, I had to repeat all of my training."{{Cite web |last=Hills & Valleys Podcast |date=2019-03-25 |title=Ep3: Dr. Azra Bihorac, MD, MS, on How Acute Kidney Injury Should Be Treated |url=https://potreromed.com/dr-azra-bihorac-md-ms-on-how-acute-kidney-injury-should-be-treated/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Potrero |language=en-US}}

At the University of Florida, Bihorac began a residency in internal medicine in 2003 and a fellowship in critical care medicine in 2006. She completed a Master of Science for Health Sciences in Clinical Research in 2011.

Since 2010, Bihorac's labs have received continuous funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).{{Cite journal |date=2022-12-20 |title=Q&A: Azra Bihorac |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |language=en |volume=3 |issue=12 |page=100836 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100836 |pmid=36543114 |pmc=9813827 |issn=2666-3791}} Her research focuses on using artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning to augment patient diagnostics and monitoring in intensive care medicine.{{Cite web |title=Know It All: Where AI helps and hurts in health care |url=https://the1a.org/segments/know-it-all-where-ai-helps-and-hurts-in-health-care/ |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=1A |language=en}} Some of her most well-known work involves identifying biomarkers for acute kidney injury (AKI), treatment of AKI, and AI and machine learning techniques for predicting health outcomes for critically ill patients. As of May 2023, Bihorac's most cited publication is a [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/cc12503 2013 study on AKI biomarkers], which has 812 citations.{{Cite journal |title=SpringerCitations - Details Page |date=2013 |doi=10.1186/cc12503 |pmc=4057242 |pmid=23388612 |doi-access=free |last1=Kashani |first1=K. |last2=Al-Khafaji |first2=A. |last3=Ardiles |first3=T. |last4=Artigas |first4=A. |last5=Bagshaw |first5=S. M. |last6=Bell |first6=M. |last7=Bihorac |first7=A. |last8=Birkhahn |first8=R. |last9=Cely |first9=C. M. |last10=Chawla |first10=L. S. |last11=Davison |first11=D. L. |last12=Feldkamp |first12=T. |last13=Forni |first13=L. G. |last14=Gong |first14=M. N. |last15=Gunnerson |first15=K. J. |last16=Haase |first16=M. |last17=Hackett |first17=J. |last18=Honore |first18=P. M. |last19=Hoste |first19=E. A. |last20=Joannes-Boyau |first20=O. |last21=Joannidis |first21=M. |last22=Kim |first22=P. |last23=Koyner |first23=J. L. |last24=Laskowitz |first24=D. T. |last25=Lissauer |first25=M. E. |last26=Marx |first26=G. |last27=McCullough |first27=P. A. |last28=Mullaney |first28=S. |last29=Ostermann |first29=M. |last30=Rimmelé |first30=T. |journal=Critical Care |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=R25 |display-authors=1 }}

Under Bihorac's direction, the (IC³) at the University of Florida has gained attention for developments involving the use of AI to

• monitor and sense patient pain levels through cameras and sensors,{{Cite web |last=Halliday |first=Maureen |date=February 18, 2022 |title=Your Health: AI and the ICU |url=https://www.wilx.com/2022/02/18/your-health-ai-icu/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=WILX 10 |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=High-tech hospital uses artificial intelligence in patient care |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/video/high-tech-hospital-uses-artificial-intelligence-in-patient-care-162645573527 |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=NBC News |language=en}}
• predict postoperative complications for surgical patients,{{Cite web |title=UF researchers develop tool to predict complications during surgery |url=https://www.floridatrend.com/article/34295/uf-researchers-develop-tool-to-predict-complications-during-surgery |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Florida Trend}} and
• continuously monitor ICU patients and provide a more accurate assessment of "illness severity at any point during an ICU stay."{{Cite journal |last1=Shickel |first1=Benjamin |last2=Loftus |first2=Tyler J. |last3=Adhikari |first3=Lasith |last4=Ozrazgat-Baslanti |first4=Tezcan |last5=Bihorac |first5=Azra |last6=Rashidi |first6=Parisa |date=2019-02-12 |title=DeepSOFA: A Continuous Acuity Score for Critically Ill Patients using Clinically Interpretable Deep Learning |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=1879 |arxiv=1802.10238 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.1879S |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-38491-0 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6372608 |pmid=30755689 |s2cid=52134035}}

Bihorac has edited or contributed chapters to the following textbooks:

• Encyclopedia of Sensors and Biosensors, 2023, Elsevier, chapter "Sensors in Hospitals"
• Evidence-Based Critical Care, 2020, Springer, chapter "Renal Disease: Rhabdomyolysis"
• Critical Care Nephrology, 3rd edition, 2017, Elsevier, chapter "AKI after Major Surgery"
• Current Concepts in Adult Critical Care, 3rd edition, 2014, editor and chapter "Complications after Surgery: The Perspective of the Injured Kidney"
• Textbook of Neurointensive Care, 2013, Springer, chapters "Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Replacement Therapy in the Neurologically Injured Patient" and "Water and Electrolyte Management in Neurological Disease"

Bihorac's work at the University of Florida has yielded more than 200 peer-reviewed scientific articles—including Scientific Reports,{{Cite journal |last1=Shickel |first1=Benjamin |last2=Loftus |first2=Tyler J. |last3=Ruppert |first3=Matthew |last4=Upchurch |first4=Gilbert R. |last5=Ozrazgat-Baslanti |first5=Tezcan |last6=Rashidi |first6=Parisa |last7=Bihorac |first7=Azra |date=2023-01-21 |title=Dynamic predictions of postoperative complications from explainable, uncertainty-aware, and multi-task deep neural networks |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=1224 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-27418-5 |pmid=36681755 |pmc=9867692 |bibcode=2023NatSR..13.1224S |issn=2045-2322}} Nature Reviews Nephrology,{{Cite journal |last1=Nadim |first1=Mitra K. |last2=Forni |first2=Lui G. |last3=Mehta |first3=Ravindra L. |last4=Connor |first4=Michael J. |last5=Liu |first5=Kathleen D. |last6=Ostermann |first6=Marlies |last7=Rimmelé |first7=Thomas |last8=Zarbock |first8=Alexander |last9=Bell |first9=Samira |last10=Bihorac |first10=Azra |last11=Cantaluppi |first11=Vincenzo |last12=Hoste |first12=Eric |last13=Husain-Syed |first13=Faeq |last14=Germain |first14=Michael J. |last15=Goldstein |first15=Stuart L. |date=October 15, 2020 |title=COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 25th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Workgroup |journal=Nature Reviews Nephrology |language=en |volume=16 |issue=12 |pages=747–764 |doi=10.1038/s41581-020-00356-5 |pmid=33060844 |pmc=7561246 |s2cid=222415986 |issn=1759-507X|hdl=2445/173871 |hdl-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last1=Chawla |first1=Lakhmir S. |last2=Bellomo |first2=Rinaldo |last3=Bihorac |first3=Azra |last4=Goldstein |first4=Stuart L. |last5=Siew |first5=Edward D. |last6=Bagshaw |first6=Sean M. |last7=Bittleman |first7=David |last8=Cruz |first8=Dinna |last9=Endre |first9=Zoltan |last10=Fitzgerald |first10=Robert L. |last11=Forni |first11=Lui |last12=Kane-Gill |first12=Sandra L. |last13=Hoste |first13=Eric |last14=Koyner |first14=Jay |last15=Liu |first15=Kathleen D. |date=February 27, 2017 |title=Acute kidney disease and renal recovery: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nrneph.2017.2 |journal=Nature Reviews Nephrology |language=en |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=241–257 |doi=10.1038/nrneph.2017.2 |pmid=28239173 |s2cid=217702946 |issn=1759-507X|hdl=1854/LU-8516228 |hdl-access=free }} Critical Care,{{Cite journal |last1=Kashani |first1=Kianoush |last2=Al-Khafaji |first2=Ali |last3=Ardiles |first3=Thomas |last4=Artigas |first4=Antonio |last5=Bagshaw |first5=Sean M. |last6=Bell |first6=Max |last7=Bihorac |first7=Azra |last8=Birkhahn |first8=Robert |last9=Cely |first9=Cynthia M. |last10=Chawla |first10=Lakhmir S. |last11=Davison |first11=Danielle L. |last12=Feldkamp |first12=Thorsten |last13=Forni |first13=Lui G. |last14=Gong |first14=Michelle Ng |last15=Gunnerson |first15=Kyle J. |date=2013-02-06 |title=Discovery and validation of cell cycle arrest biomarkers in human acute kidney injury |journal=Critical Care |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=R25 |doi=10.1186/cc12503 |issn=1364-8535 |pmc=4057242 |pmid=23388612 |doi-access=free}} PLOS ONE,{{Cite journal |last1=Thottakkara |first1=Paul |last2=Ozrazgat-Baslanti |first2=Tezcan |last3=Hupf |first3=Bradley B. |last4=Rashidi |first4=Parisa |last5=Pardalos |first5=Panos |last6=Momcilovic |first6=Petar |last7=Bihorac |first7=Azra |date=2016-05-27 |title=Application of Machine Learning Techniques to High-Dimensional Clinical Data to Forecast Postoperative Complications |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=e0155705 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0155705 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4883761 |pmid=27232332 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1155705T |doi-access=free }} IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics,{{Cite journal |last1=Shickel |first1=Benjamin |last2=Tighe |first2=Patrick James |last3=Bihorac |first3=Azra |last4=Rashidi |first4=Parisa |date=October 27, 2017 |title=Deep EHR: A Survey of Recent Advances in Deep Learning Techniques for Electronic Health Record (EHR) Analysis |journal=IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=1589–1604 |doi=10.1109/JBHI.2017.2767063 |pmid=29989977 |pmc=6043423 |issn=2168-2208}} Annals of Surgery,{{Cite journal |last1=Bihorac |first1=Azra |last2=Ozrazgat-Baslanti |first2=Tezcan |last3=Ebadi |first3=Ashkan |last4=Motaei |first4=Amir |last5=Madkour |first5=Mohcine |last6=Pardalos |first6=Panagote M. |last7=Lipori |first7=Gloria |last8=Hogan |first8=William R. |last9=Efron |first9=Philip A. |last10=Moore |first10=Frederick |last11=Moldawer |first11=Lyle L. |last12=Wang |first12=Daisy Zhe |last13=Hobson |first13=Charles E. |last14=Rashidi |first14=Parisa |last15=Li |first15=Xiaolin |date=April 2019 |title=MySurgeryRisk: Development and Validation of a Machine-learning Risk Algorithm for Major Complications and Death After Surgery |url=https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/2019/04000/MySurgeryRisk__Development_and_Validation_of_a.11.aspx |journal=Annals of Surgery |language=en-US |volume=269 |issue=4 |pages=652–662 |doi=10.1097/SLA.0000000000002706 |issn=0003-4932 |pmc=6110979 |pmid=29489489}}{{Cite journal |last1=Ozrazgat-Baslanti |first1=Tezcan |last2=Loftus |first2=Tyler J. |last3=Mohandas |first3=Rajesh |last4=Wu |first4=Quran |last5=Brakenridge |first5=Scott |last6=Brumback |first6=Babette |last7=Efron |first7=Philip A. |last8=Anton |first8=Stephen |last9=Moore |first9=Frederick A. |last10=Moldawer |first10=Lyle L. |last11=Segal |first11=Mark S. |last12=Bihorac |first12=Azra |date=June 2022 |title=Clinical Trajectories of Acute Kidney Injury in Surgical Sepsis: A Prospective Observational Study |url=https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/2022/06000/Clinical_Trajectories_of_Acute_Kidney_Injury_in.23.aspx |journal=Annals of Surgery |language=en-US |volume=275 |issue=6 |pages=1184–1193 |doi=10.1097/SLA.0000000000004360 |pmid=33196489 |pmc=8116352 |issn=0003-4932}} and JAMA Surgery{{Cite journal |last1=Loftus |first1=Tyler J. |last2=Tighe |first2=Patrick J. |last3=Filiberto |first3=Amanda C. |last4=Efron |first4=Philip A. |last5=Brakenridge |first5=Scott C. |last6=Mohr |first6=Alicia M. |last7=Rashidi |first7=Parisa |last8=Upchurch |first8=Gilbert R. Jr |last9=Bihorac |first9=Azra |date=2020-02-01 |title=Artificial Intelligence and Surgical Decision-making |journal=JAMA Surgery |volume=155 |issue=2 |pages=148–158 |doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2019.4917 |pmid=31825465 |pmc=7286802 |issn=2168-6254}}—and over 10,000 citations in other articles.{{Cite web |title=ResearchGate: Azra Bihorac profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Azra-Bihorac}}

Bihorac is a Fellow of the American College of Critical Care Medicine (FCCM), a designation given to "practitioners, researchers, administrators, and educators who have made outstanding contributions to the collaborative field of critical care."{{Cite web |title=SCCM {{!}} American College of Critical Care Medicine |url=https://sccm.org/Member-Center/Professional-Development/ACCM |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM)}} She is also a Fellow of the American Society of Nephrology (FASN), a designation given to members of the American Society of Nephrology "who have distinguished themselves through excellence in practice or research."{{Cite web |last=Nesbitt |first=Hal |title=American Society of Nephrology {{!}} Member Services - FASN |url=https://www.asn-online.org/membership/fasn/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=www.asn-online.org |language=en-us}}

• American Society of Nephrology Fellow (2007)
• Teaching Award, University of Florida (2008){{Cite web |title=VIVO {{!}} Azra Bihorac |url=https://vivo.ufl.edu/display/n175256 |website=VIVO: University of Florida}}
• Faculty Research Award, University of Florida College of Medicine (2010)
• American College of Critical Care Medicine Fellow (2012)
• Society of Critical Care Medicine, Vision Grant Award and President Citation (2013)
• Society of Critical Care Medicine, President Citation Award for Outstanding Contribution to SCCM (2018, 2019){{Cite web |title=Loop {{!}} Azra Bihorac |url=https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/62966/bio |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=loop.frontiersin.org}}
• Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society (2022){{Cite web |last=Ivanov |first=Danielle |date=March 31, 2022 |title=AOA Honor Medical Society celebrates new members |url=https://news.drgator.ufl.edu/2022/03/31/aoa-honor-medical-society-celebrates-new-members/ |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Doctor Gator |language=en-US}}

Bihorac is married to surgeon Charles Hobson and lives in Gainesville, Florida, with their children.{{Cite web |last=Bihorac |first=Azra |title=Kidney Love |url=https://azrabihorac.com/ |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Kidney Love: Azra Bihorac website |language=en}}

• Biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI){{Cite journal |last1=Bihorac |first1=Azra |last2=Chawla |first2=Lakhmir S. |last3=Shaw |first3=Andrew D. |last4=Al-Khafaji |first4=Ali |last5=Davison |first5=Danielle L. |last6=DeMuth |first6=George E. |last7=Fitzgerald |first7=Robert |last8=Gong |first8=Michelle Ng |last9=Graham |first9=Derrel D. |last10=Gunnerson |first10=Kyle |last11=Heung |first11=Michael |last12=Jortani |first12=Saeed |last13=Kleerup |first13=Eric |last14=Koyner |first14=Jay L. |last15=Krell |first15=Kenneth |date=2014-04-15 |title=Validation of Cell-Cycle Arrest Biomarkers for Acute Kidney Injury Using Clinical Adjudication |url=https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201401-0077OC |journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine |language=en |volume=189 |issue=8 |pages=932–939 |doi=10.1164/rccm.201401-0077OC |issn=1073-449X |pmid=24559465 |s2cid=25918415}}
• Intensive Intelligent Care Unit (I2CU){{Cite journal |last1=Davoudi |first1=Anis |last2=Malhotra |first2=Kumar Rohit |last3=Shickel |first3=Benjamin |last4=Siegel |first4=Scott |last5=Williams |first5=Seth |last6=Ruppert |first6=Matthew |last7=Bihorac |first7=Emel |last8=Ozrazgat-Baslanti |first8=Tezcan |last9=Tighe |first9=Patrick J. |last10=Bihorac |first10=Azra |last11=Rashidi |first11=Parisa |date=2019-05-29 |title=Intelligent ICU for Autonomous Patient Monitoring Using Pervasive Sensing and Deep Learning |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=8020 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.8020D |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-44004-w |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6541714 |pmid=31142754}}{{Cite journal |last1=Davoudi |first1=Anis |last2=Shickel |first2=Benjamin |last3=Tighe |first3=Patrick James |last4=Bihorac |first4=Azra |last5=Rashidi |first5=Parisa |date=2022 |title=Potentials and Challenges of Pervasive Sensing in the Intensive Care Unit |journal=Frontiers in Digital Health |volume=4 |doi=10.3389/fdgth.2022.773387 |issn=2673-253X |pmc=9152012 |pmid=35656333 |doi-access=free}} • MySurgeryRisk{{Cite journal |last1=Ren |first1=Yuanfang |last2=Loftus |first2=Tyler J. |last3=Shickel |first3=Benjamin |last4=Upchurch Jr. |first4=Gilbert R. |last5=Rashidi |first5=Parisa |last6=Ozrazgat-Baslanti |first6=Tezcan |last7=Bihorac |first7=Azra |date=May 16, 2022 |title=Performance of a Machine Learning Algorithm Using Electronic Health Record Data to Predict Postoperative Complications and Report on a Mobile Platform |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2792367 |journal=JAMA Network Open |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=e2211973 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.11973 |pmc=9112066 |pmid=35576007 |s2cid=248812592 |access-date=2023-01-31}}{{Cite news |last=Landro |first=Laura |date=12 March 2023 |title=Why Hospitals Still Make Serious Medical Errors—and How They Are Trying to Reduce Them |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/hospitals-medical-errors-how-they-reduce-them-edfa257f |access-date=2023-03-13 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}
• DeepSOFA{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Doug |date=May 8, 2019 |title=DeepSOFA |url=https://post.health.ufl.edu/2019/05/08/deepsofa/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=The POST |language=en-US}}

{{reflist}}

• [https://ic3.center.ufl.edu/profile/bihorac-azra/ Azra Bihorac bio] at the University of Florida
• [https://ic3.center.ufl.edu/ Intelligent Critical Care Center]
• [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-2863 Azra Bihorac profile] on ORCID website
• [https://twitter.com/AzraBihorac Azra Bihorac Twitter]
• [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Azra-Bihorac Azra Bihorac profile] on ResearchGate

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Category:American nephrologists

Category:American physicians

Category:University of Sarajevo alumni

Category:University of Florida alumni

Category:Bosnian diaspora in the United States

Category:Intensivists

Category:1965 births

Category:Living people

Category:People from Gainesville, Florida