BBC Studios Home Entertainment#Video Collection International

File:BBC Video Ident c. 1980-1988.jpg

BBC Video was established in 1980 as a division of BBC Enterprises (later BBC Worldwide) with John Ross Barnard at the head, just as home video systems were starting to gain ground.

At launch, the BBC had no agreement with British talent unions such as Equity or the Musician's Union (MU), so BBC Video was limited in the television programming it could release. Initially, video cassette and laserdisc releases were either programmes with no Equity or MU involvement, such as natural history and other documentaries, or material licensed from third parties, including feature films such as High Noon and the first video release of Deep Purple's California Jam concert.

For the first few years, the BBC produced videotapes in both VHS and Betamax formats. The company also worked with Philips on early Laserdisc releases, including a notable ornithology disc called British Garden Birds, presented by David Attenborough. This disc was released in 1982 and included digital data in the form of Teletext, which could be read by any suitably-equipped television set. This pioneering use of a data channel on a consumer video format led directly to the development of the BBC Domesday Project in 1984–1986. Since videos could have stereo soundtracks, BBC Video produced stereophonic versions of many programmes that had been broadcast in mono. These included The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer.

The label grew significantly from £13 million turnover in 1989 to nearly £39 million in 1994, enjoying success from television and film serials which had proved popular when first televised and faced high demand for a video release once the new technology became widespread, thus reducing the need for television reruns.

In 1991, BBC Video was the number-one video label in the UK when it sold more pre-recorded videotapes, by value as well as by unit count, than any other company, even all of the Hollywood studios combined.

In October 1985, K-Tel and Braveworld, subsidiaries of the New Southgate-based Prestwich Group, in partnership with Paddy Toomey, launched "The Video Collection", a range of budget-priced video releases that were promoted as being "A video for the price of a blank tape" that would be sold at Woolworths stores across the country.{{Cite web |title=Woolworth pioneers pre-recorded video tapes |url=https://www.woolworthsmuseum.co.uk/1980s-videolaunch.htm |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.woolworthsmuseum.co.uk}} Both Braveworld and The Video Collection were seen as sister labels, with The Video Collection mainly handling re-releases of classic films and special interest television titles.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wSQEAAAAMBAJ&q=video+collection+prestwich+holdings&pg=PA9 |title=Billboard|date=22 February 1986}}{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5CQEAAAAMBAJ&q=braveworld+prestwich+holdings+plc&pg=PT75 |title = Billboard|date = 15 February 1986}}

In 1986, The Video Collection secured a video deal with Thames Television, becoming their exclusive home video distributor through the label "Thames Video Collection". On 16 July, Karl-Lorimar Home Video signed an agreement with The Video Collection to distribute children's, family and special interest programs and Scholastic-Lorimar Home Video releases for the British market.{{Cite news|date=1986-07-16|title=Karl/Lorimar Kidvid Distributed In U.K. By Video Collection|page=31|work=Variety}} Shortly afterward, The Video Collection underwent a management buyout. It began operating independently through the holding company Rushstage Limited (later renamed to "Future Vision Limited", then eventually, "Video Collection International Limited" in 1987). With this, the company expanded rapidly, securing the market lead in retail video sales in the mid to late 1980s and the early to mid-1990s.{{Cite web |title=2 ENTERTAIN VIDEO LIMITED overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/01924997 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk |language=en}}

In 1989, VCI launched the "Cinema Club" budget label, signing a deal with RCA Columbia Pictures International Video to release their back catalogue. Also that same year, another ITV franchisee - Central Independent Television, began exclusively distributing its home video releases through The Video Collection as well, replacing a previous deal held with Pickwick Video.

In 1991, Hat Trick Productions and VCI signed a deal to release the former's material on home video under a dedicated Hat Trick video label.

The "Strand VCI plc" subsidiary was rebranded simply to "VCI plc" in May 1993.{{Cite web |title=WW REALISATION 8 LIMITED overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/02326986 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk |language=en}}

In 1995, VCI plc rebranded "The Video Collection" as simply "VCI". In April, VCI acquired a 49% minority stake in Hat Trick Productions' film unit - Hat Trick Films. VCI's deal would allow the company to invest £250,000 in the company's films, with a further £450,000 available for the next 18 months. The deal would expect 10 projects a year, with £50,000 paid per script. The deal followed their existing home video deal.{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/1995/film/features/vci-scores-with-hat-trick-buy-99128093/ | title=VCI scores with Hat Trick buy | date=17 April 1995 }} Within the same year, the company renewed its home video deal with Thames Television.{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQ4EAAAAMBAJ&dq=Video+Collection+International+Channel+4&pg=PA77 | title=Billboard | date=28 March 1998 }} while Cinema Club became a standalone distributor, now operating as a joint-venture with Columbia TriStar Home Video.{{cite web | url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/03118403/filing-history?page=1 | title=COLUMBIA TRISTAR CINEMA CLUB LIMITED filing history - Find and update company information - GOV.UK }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.vciplc.co.uk/cinema.html|title=VCI plc :: Cinema Club|date=3 August 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010803160251/http://www.vciplc.co.uk/cinema.html |archive-date=3 August 2001 }}

On 20 January 1996, the company secured a ten-year extension to its home video deal with Manchester United and purchased the club's book and publishing interests for £2.4 million.{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/taking-stock-5632336.html | title=Taking Stock | website=Independent.co.uk | date=20 January 1996 }} In September, the company secured a £300 million deal to purchase the club outright, but their offer was rejected.{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/concern-over-failed-man-utd-bid-1365109.html |title=Concern over failed Man Utd bid|date=25 September 1996|website=The Independent}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/bid-rumours-lift-man-united-1358005.html |title=Bid rumours lift Man United|date=11 October 1996|website=The Independent}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/vci-warns-of-slowdown-in-trading-1353475.html |title=VCI warns of slowdown in trading|date=21 November 1996|website=The Independent}} At the end of the year, Central's deal with VCI expired, with Central moving their releases to their parent company Carlton Communications through Carlton Home Entertainment. VCI would also take over retail distribution of FilmFour releases, although FilmFour would however retain rental rights as VCI only operated retail and not rental.

At the beginning of 1998, VCI's home video deal with Thames Television was not renewed and Thames began self-distributing through parent company Pearson Television's Pearson New Entertainment division; later renamed Pearson Television Video (PT Video). Around the same time, VCI expanded their deal with Channel 4 to begin distributing Channel 4 Video releases and also signed a deal with Feature Film.{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-w4EAAAAMBAJ&dq=Channel+4+Video+Video+Collection+International&pg=PA59 | title=U.K.'s Granada Group Seeking Distributor For New Video Arm | date=7 March 1998 }}{{Cite news |last=Deans |first=Jason |date=2003-10-14 |title=Phoenix Nights DVD notches up record sales |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/oct/14/broadcasting.channel4 |access-date=2023-05-05 |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite web |title=Pathe takes over FilmFour slate |url=https://www.screendaily.com/pathe-takes-over-filmfour-slate/4011296.article |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=Screen |language=en}} In March, VCI entered into a five-year joint venture with the Granada Media Group to launch the "Granada Video" label. The deal would bring a further 15,000 hours worth of content into VCI's catalogue, including programmes from GMG-owned ITV franchisees (Granada Television, LWT, Tyne Tees Television and Yorkshire Television), but did not include GMG's film division.{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQ4EAAAAMBAJ&dq=Video+Collection+International&pg=PA6 | title=Granada Video Launched | date=28 March 1998 }} On 8 September 1998, SMG, who already held a 26.1% share in VCI, approached a £31 million bid to purchase the company outright.{{Cite web |date=1998-09-08 |title=SMG launches pounds 31m bid for VCI video publisher |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/smg-launches-pounds-31m-bid-for-vci-video-publisher-1196976.html |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=The Independent |language=en}} On 22 September, the Kingfisher Group approached with a higher offer of £46.8 million. Kingfisher won out, with SMG selling their stake over to Kingfisher in October.{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/1998/biz/news/kingfisher-buys-brit-vid-firm-1117481553/ | title=Kingfisher buys Brit vid firm | date=19 October 1998 }} Kingfisher's £59.3m purchase of Video Collection International was closed by December.

In January 2000, VCI's music division - MCI (Music Collection International), was renamed as the Demon Music Group.https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/01622224 On 6 October, VCI exited out of the literature market by selling André Deutsch to Carlton Communications. This also included literature rights to Granada Media's properties and the Manchester United Books imprint.{{cite web | url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/2000-andr-deutsch-snapped-carlton | title=André Deutsch snapped up by Carlton }}

In July 2001, VCI plc was divested with Woolworths as part of the newly-formed Woolworths Group.{{cite web | url=https://www.investegate.co.uk/article.aspx?id=200108010701488287H | title=Investegate }} In September, the company signed a seven-year agreement with longstanding partner Ragdoll Productions to release the revival of Brum on home video,{{cite web |url=https://www.ragdoll.co.uk/html/pressrel_brum_video.html |title=SUPER-BRAVE HERO GETS SUPER VIDEO DEAL |website=www.ragdoll.co.uk |access-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923033946/http://www.ragdoll.co.uk/html/pressrel_brum_video.html |archive-date=23 September 2006 |url-status=dead}}{{cite web | url=https://www.c21media.net/news/ragdoll-inks-antipodean-deals-for-badjelly/ | title=Ragdoll inks Antipodean deals for Badjelly }} which was expanded in November 2002 to include Boohbah as a five-year deal.{{Cite web|url=https://www.c21media.net/news/five-year-deal-for-ragdolls-new-preschooler/ |title=Five-year deal for Ragdoll's new preschooler series|work=C21Media}}

At the end of May 2002, the Cinema Club joint venture with Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment was terminatedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20071107030132/http://www.woolworthsgroupplc.com:80/investors/ar2003/downloads/AnnualReport2003.pdf with VCI obtaining full rights to the Cinema Club label and relaunching it as a specialist budget catalogue division{{Cite web|url=http://www.vciplc.co.uk/cinema.phtml|title=VCI plc: Cinema Club|date=6 August 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020806200032/http://www.vciplc.co.uk/cinema.phtml |archive-date=6 August 2002 }} while CTHE signed a new joint-venture deal with Universal Pictures UK to form UCA (Universal Columbia Alliance).{{cite web | url=https://www.blickpunktfilm.de/videos/uk-columbia-und-universal-kooperieren-bei-backkatalog-c62e4b9b2de4b27e131e43d9840409c5 | title=UK: Columbia und Universal kooperieren bei Backkatalog }} In June, VCI plc sold Disc Distribution to Deluxe Video Services, allowing them to physically distribute VCI's products.[https://www.investegate.co.uk/woolworths-group-plc--wlw-/rns/disposal/200206051424498203W/ Woolworths Group] dead link In July 2002, Woolworths Group announced their intentions to sell off the business.{{Cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/woolies-in-talks-to-sell-off-vci-6334380.html |title=Woolies in talks to sell off VCI|first=Ben|last=Laurance |date=12 April 2012|website=Evening Standard}}

On 12 July 2004, BBC Worldwide and Woolworths Group announced they had entered into a joint venture to form 2 Entertain (stylized as 2 | entertain), which would combine BBC Worldwide's video publishing unit (BBC Video) with Woolworths Group's video publishing, music publishing and video production unit (Video Collection International). BBC Worldwide would hold 60%, while the Woolworths Group would hold 40%, additionally, both BBC Worldwide and Woolworths Group wanted 2 Entertain to better compete with the major studios.{{Cite web | url=https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/woolworths-bbc-strike-video-music-tv-deal/216165 | title=Woolworths and BBC strike video, music and TV deal }}{{cite web |title=Anticipated joint venture between BBC Worldwide Limited and Woolworths Group plc |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/555de461ed915d7ae2000131/bbc.pdf |publisher=Office of Fair Trading |date=30 September 2004}} The deal was completed on 27 September with Video Collection International being renamed 2 Entertain Video Ltd. in October.{{cite web |date=1985-06-21 |title=2 Entertain Video Limited overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/01924997 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=Companies House}} During this transition period, BBC Worldwide continued distributing their releases while 2 Entertain continued to use the VCI brand for theirs. By June 2005, the 2 Entertain brand replaced the VCI brand on the packaging, and the transition was fully completed by September 2005 with the addition of BBC's releases. BBC Worldwide continued to hold standalone rights to children's, music, and educational releases.

2 Entertain consisted of four major divisions, 2 Entertain (full-sale video label), Cinema Club (Budget video label), Demon Music Group (Music label) and Banana Split Productions (Production/Commercial label).{{cite web|url=http://www.2entertain.co.uk/divisions.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050511234619/http://www.2entertain.co.uk/divisions.html|archive-date=11 May 2005|title=2 Entertain}} Much of the home video deals and partnerships that VCI previously handled were retained, including HIT Entertainment for Thomas & Friends releases, Ragdoll Productions for Brum, Boohbah and Rosie and Jim, and their worldwide home video deal with Manchester United. At the end of the year, the Granada Media home video deal was not renewed following the merger of Granada and Carlton into ITV plc and as such, they moved to the then-rebranded Granada Ventures division (now known as ITV Studios Home Entertainment).

In June 2005, Channel 4 announced that they would not renew their home video deal with 2 Entertain and would begin to distribute material in-house from then on as Channel 4 Video (under the Channel 4 and FilmFour labels), certifying that the BBC's stake in 2 Entertain would jeopardize their DVD sales.{{cite web|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/growing-pains-in-the-world-of-dvd/1025883.article|title=Growing pains in the world of DVD}} In August, 2 Entertain signed a deal with Five to launch a Milkshake! branded video label.{{Cite web |title=KidScreen's guide to international kidvid distributors |url=https://kidscreen.com/2005/08/01/dvdguide-20050801/ |access-date=2024-08-30}}

For 2006, the company expanded their video partnership with Chapman Entertainment to include Roary the Racing Car,{{Cite web|title=Chapman's toon races ahead with UK double deal|url=https://www.c21media.net/news/chapmans-toon-races-ahead-with-uk-double-deal/|access-date=2024-11-06|website=C21media|language=en-us}} signed a deal with CCI Entertainment for Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs,{{Cite web |title=CCI selects Target for Harry licensing |url=https://www.c21media.net/news/cci-selects-target-for-harry-licensing/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=C21media |language=en-us}} and a major video deal with Bristol-based animation studio Aardman Animations.{{cite web | url=https://www.c21media.net/news/2-entertain-signs-aardman-dvd-deal | title=2 Entertain signs Aardman DVD deal }}

In September 2008, 2 Entertain secured home video rights from RDF Rights for Mister Maker{{Cite web|title=Mister Maker gets complements|url=https://www.c21media.net/news/mister-maker-gets-complements/|access-date=2024-11-06|website=C21media|language=en-us}} and Big Barn Farm.{{Cite web |title=RDF goes back to the farm|url=https://www.c21media.net/news/rdf-goes-back-to-the-farm/|access-date=2024-11-06|website=C21media|language=en-us}} In March 2009, the company extended their Aardman deal to include Timmy Time.{{Cite web|title=SuperRTL, Nick onboard Timmy Time|url=https://www.c21media.net/news/superrtl-nick-onboard-timmy-time/|access-date=2024-11-06|website=C21media|language=en-us}}

On 26 November 2008, BBC Worldwide announced that it was in talks about purchasing Woolworths Group's 40% stake in 2 Entertain.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/nov/26/bbc-television|title=BBC Worldwide in talks with Woolworths to buy DVD publisher 2entertain|website=TheGuardian.com|date=26 November 2008}} BBC initially offered £100 million, but by December following Woolworths' collapse into administration they reduce the offer to £40 Million.{{Cite web|title=BBCWW slashes 2Entertain offer|url=https://www.c21media.net/news/bbcww-slashes-2entertain-offer/|access-date=2024-11-06|website=C21media|language=en-us}} In July 2009, BBC Worldwide had written off £15 million after the collapse of the chain.{{Cite web|title=BBCWW profits slump|url=https://www.c21media.net/news/bbcww-profits-slump/|access-date=2024-11-06|website=C21media|language=en-us}} and would end up winning a court case over 2 Entertain's rights to BBC content.{{Cite web|title=BBCWW wins 2Entertain court ruling|url=https://www.c21media.net/news/bbcww-wins-2entertain-court-ruling/|access-date=2024-11-06|website=C21media|language=en-us}}

In March 2010, BBC Worldwide announced that they had finally reached an agreement to purchase Woolworths Group's 40% stake in 2 Entertain, making it a fully owned subsidiary.{{Cite web|title=BBC - Press Office - BBC Worldwide reaches agreement on 2{{!}}entertain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2010/03_march/2entertain.shtml|access-date=2022-05-08|website=BBC|language=en-GB}} After the deal closed, BBC Worldwide's standalone rights to children's, music and educational products transferred to 2 Entertain.

Starting in May 2012, the BBC label once again started to be solely used for BBC broadcast content, while the 2 Entertain label was reduced to being used for non-BBC broadcast content, in addition, the company was eventually renamed BBC Studios Home Entertainment (although 2 Entertain is still the legal name of the company).

In April 2022, BBC Studios Home Entertainment (and therefore 2 Entertain) signed a distribution deal with British distributor Spirit Entertainment to represent its physical catalogue in the United Kingdom, after their deal with Sony DADC expired, previously having a deal with BBC in 2011.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/bbcstudios/2022/bbc-studios-spirit-entertainment-announce-uk-sales-distribution-deal|title=BBC Studios and Spirit Entertainment announce UK sales and distribution deal}}

In the United States, BBC Video's releases were initially distributed by CBS/Fox Video throughout the 1980s and 1990s until the end of June 2000, when the two companies decided not to renew their deal. On 28 June 2000, BBC Worldwide announced a new partnership with Warner Home Video that would begin effectively on 1 July 2000, excluding the release of Walking with Dinosaurs, which was instead transferred over from CBS/Fox to Warner on 1 September 2000.{{cite press release |author= |title=BBC Worldwide Americas And Warner Home Video Announce Distribution Deal |url=https://www.warnerbros.com/news/press-releases/bbc-worldwide-americas-and-warner-home-video-announce-distribution-deal |location=Burbank, CA and New York, NY |publisher=BBC Worldwide Americas and Warner Home Video |date=28 Jun 2000}} In December 2006, 2 Entertain (which had been releasing most of the BBC's output in the UK around that time) renewed their US distribution agreement with Warner Home Video for BBC content.{{Cite web |title=WarnerBros.com {{!}} Warner Home Video And 2entertain Renew Home Entertainment Distribution Deal For BBC Programming {{!}} Press Releases |url=https://www.warnerbros.com/news/press-releases/warner-home-video-and-2entertain-renew-home-entertainment-distribution-deal-bbc |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=www.warnerbros.com}}

In Australia and New Zealand, BBC Worldwide initially distributed their products through PolyGram Video before entering into a long-term partnership with both ABC Commercial and Roadshow Entertainment that began in 1996 and was renewed many times, with one of them being a four-year extension occurring in September 2008.{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2008/09_september/roadshow_entertainment.shtml | title=BBC - Press Office - BBC Worldwide Looks to the Future with ABC Commercial and Roadshow DVD Deal }} On 30 April 2012, BBC Worldwide signed a five-year standalone Australian and New Zealand deal with Roadshow Entertainment within a five-year period, beginning 1 July.{{cite web | url=https://mumbrella.com.au/roadshow-entertainment-to-distribute-bbc-worldwide-dvds-88378 | title=Roadshow Entertainment to distribute BBC Worldwide DVD's | date=30 April 2012 }} Following the expiration of this deal, BBC Worldwide/Studios began distributing its products through Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. After this deal expired, the BBC transitioned distribution over to Madman Entertainment beginning in September 2023.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

In Latin America and Brazil, BBC Worldwide signed a deal with En Pantalla in March 2007 for the distribution of BBC's factual titles.{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2007/03_march/DVD_Mexico.shtml | title=BBC - Press Office - BBC Worldwide secures DVD Distribution Deal in Mexico and Central America }}

The Video Collection label was briefly used in European territories throughout the mid-late 1980s, operating in France as Vidéo Collection France, and in Spain as Vídeo Colección S.A.

In 1989, VCI formed a North American subsidiary called Strand VCI Entertainment, which would distribute content in North America. Strand VCI held the North American rights to several properties including Thomas The Tank Engine & Friends, the ABC Kidtime video lineup, the 1989 The Jungle Book anime series, as well as content from ITN. The company also released music content on VHS, including Queen's "We Will Rock You" live concert. They were rebranded as Strand Home Video in 1992.{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qRAEAAAAMBAJ&dq=STRAND+VCI&pg=PA66 | title=Strand Expands Its Music, Kid Lines | date=20 June 1992 }}

In March 1993, Strand signed a seven-year extension with Quality Family Entertainment to continue to be the exclusive distributor for Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends home videos in North America until 1999. They also signed a distribution deal with British distributor Abbey Home Entertainment to release their products in North America, including Bump's First Video.{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rw8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA70 | title=Mini Mermaid, Kids' Lit Top List Of New Releases | date=6 March 1993 }}

In December 1993, VCI plc exited the North American market and sold Strand Home Video to the Handleman Company, who would absorb Strand into the company's Video Treasures division.{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IwgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66 | title=HANDLEMAN CO. BEEFS UP CONSUMER BASE | date=5 February 1994 }}{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAgEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Strand+Home+Video+Video+Treasures&pg=PA62 | title=Handleman Labels On Treasure Hunt | date=11 June 1994 }}

For a brief period in 1994, Strand released audio cassettes under the "Strand Music" imprint. Much like their VHS releases, Video Treasures handled physical distribution.{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KQgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA90 | title=Billboard | date=19 February 1994 }}

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