BMW 02 Series#1600-2 / 1602
{{for|the series of cars built since 2014|BMW 2 Series}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = BMW 02 Series
| image = Blackrock, Co Dublin - Ireland (4799982672).jpg
| caption = BMW 1600-2
| production = 1966–1977
837,038 units
| assembly = West Germany: Munich
Uruguay: Montevideo (Convex S.A.)
| class = Compact executive car (D)
| body_style = 2-door coupé
2-door convertible
3-door hatchback
| layout = FR layout
| engine = {{ubl
| 1,573 cc M10 I4 (1502, 1602)
| 1,766 cc M10 I4 (1802)
| 1,990 cc M10 I4 (2002)
| 1,990 cc M10 turbo I4 (2002 Turbo) }}
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2500|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{cvt|4220–4230|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{cvt|1590–1620|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{cvt|1360–1410|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{cvt|940–1080|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| transmission = 4-speed manual
5-speed manual
3-speed automatic
| successor = BMW 3 Series (E21)
| designer = Georg Bertram, Manfred Rennen, Giovanni Michelotti
| manufacturer = BMW
}}
The BMW 02 Series is a range of sporty compact executive cars produced by German automaker BMW between 1966 and 1977, based on a shortened version of the New Class Sedans.
The first 02 Series produced was the 1600-2 (later renamed 1602) in 1966. In 1975, the 02 Series was replaced by the E21 3 Series (except for the 1502 model, which continued until 1977).
Overview
In the mid-1960s BMW perceived a market for a smaller, more affordable, two-door version of its four-door New Class executive sedan. Corporate design director Wilhelm Hofmeister assigned the project to staffers Georg Bertram and Manfred Rennen, who produced an attractive and sporty car 5 cm (2 in) shorter in wheelbase and some 25 cm (10 in) shorter in length, mainly by shortening the rear deck. {{cite book |last=Norbye |first=Jan P. | ref = BBDM | title=BMW - Bavaria's Driving Machines |year=1984 |publisher=Publications International |location=Skokie, IL |isbn=0-517-42464-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/bmwbavariasdrivi00norb }}{{cite book|last= Noakes |first= Andrew |title= The Ultimate History of BMW |year= 2005 |publisher= Parragon Publishing |location= Bath, UK |isbn=1-4054-5316-8}} The resulting 1966 production 1600-2 was less well-appointed than the New Class, but lighter, faster, and better handling.
The larger displacement 2002 directly derived from it in 1968 would go on to establish a new reputation for BMW as a maker of high-quality affordable performance vehicles.
Cabriolet, targa, hatchback, and economy versions of various "02" Series models were also produced.
{{clear}}
File:BMW E114 02 Cabrio.JPG|BMW 1600 Cabriolet
File:Detmold - 2016-08-27 - BMW 2002 Baur Cabrio BJ 1974 (05) (cropped).jpg|BMW 2002 Baur Top Cabriolet (Type 114C)
File:BMW 2000 Touring (3536274563).jpg|BMW 2000 Touring (the original Touring model eschewed the "02" suffix)
1600-2 / 1602
The 1600-2 (the "-2" meaning "2-door") made its debut at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1966{{cite web |url=http://www.2002registry.com/history/index.htm |title=History |website=www.2002registry.com |date=1966-03-09 |access-date=2009-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310155659/http://www.2002registry.com/history/index.htm |archive-date=2009-03-10 |url-status=dead }} and was sold through 1975, with the designation being simplified to "1602" in 1971. The badging on the 1600-2 read simply "1600". The 1.6 L M10 engine produced {{cvt|85|PS|kW hp|0}} at 5,700 rpm and {{convert|130|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 3,500 rpm. In 1968, Road & Track declared the US$2676 1600 "a great automobile for the price".
The 1600-2 became quickly popular in Western Europe, exception being Italy, where the 85 CV car available only with 2 doors with a 1.4 million lire price was not competitive against domestic 4-door alternatives, such as Fiat 125 (95 CV, 1.3 million lire), and Alfa Romeo Giulia 1300ti (82 CV, 1.375.000 lire) and Super (98 CV, 1.665.000 lire).{{Cite journal |last=Marconetti |first=Luca |date=July 2020 |title=BMW Classe 02 - Berlina media cerca intraprendente padre di famiglia, per divertimento e piacere di guida segreti |url=https://www.asifed.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/La-Manovella-luglio-2020_web.pdf |journal=La Manovella |language=it |publication-date=July 2020 |issue=7 |pages=48-55}}
A high performance version, the 1600 TI, was introduced in September 1967. With a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and the dual Solex PHH side-draft carburettor system from the 1800 TI, the 1600 TI produced {{cvt|105|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm. Kerb weight for the 1600 TI is {{convert|960|kg|0|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|title=2016 is 50 Years of the BMW 02|url=http://www.bmwblog.com/2016/01/01/2016-is-50-years-of-the-bmw-02/|first = Horatiu | last = Boeriu | website=www.bmwblog.com|date=January 2016}} Once the 2-liter 2002 arrived, the 1600 TI was immediately discontinued.
The 1600 TI was not sold in the United States, as it did not meet its emission standards.
Also introduced in September 1967 was a limited-production cabriolet, which would be produced by Baur. The original design was a full convertible; after 1971 this was replaced by a targa-top model with fixed window frames called a "top cabriolet" (commonly referred to as a cabrio coach).{{cite web |title=BMW 2002 Cabriolet (Baur) |url=https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3858761 |website=bmw-grouparchiv.de |access-date=10 June 2020}} A hatchback, called the Touring model, was developed from the 02 body, being available from 1971. Only 25,827 Touring models were sold before the bodystyle was discontinued in 1974.
2002
File:BMW 2002 Tii (8458474973).jpg
File:BMW 2002 tii Interior.jpg
File:BMW 2002 Turbo (14667757070) (cropped).jpg
Helmut Werner Bönsch, BMW's director of product planning, and Alex von Falkenhausen, designer of the company’s M10 engine, each had a two-litre version of the M10 installed in a 1600-2 for their personal use. When they realized they had both made the same modification to their own cars, they prepared a joint proposal to BMW's board to manufacture a two-litre version of the 1600-2.{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=James |others=Photography by Peter Robain|title=The Restorer's Reference BMW 2002 1968-1976 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tahVgN3MpzkC |access-date=2013-02-22 |year=2013 |publisher=MBI Publishing|location= Minneapolis, MN US|isbn=978-0-76032-796-8}} At the same time, American importer Max Hoffman was asking BMW for a sportier version of the 02 series that could be sold in the United States.
As per the larger coupe and 4-door sedan models, the 2.0 engine was initially sold in two states of tune: the base single-carburetor 2002 producing {{cvt|100|PS|kW hp|0}} and the dual-carburetor high compression 2002 ti producing {{cvt|120|PS|kW hp|0}}. The 2002 Automatic, with the base engine and a ZF 3HP12 3 speed automatic transmission, became available in 1969. The 2002 ti was replaced in 1971 by the 2002 tii, which used the fuel-injected {{cvt|130|PS|kW hp|0}} engine from the 2000 tii, delivering a top speed of {{convert|185|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}}.
In 1971, the Baur cabriolet was switched from the 1.6 L engine to the 2.0 L engine to become the 2002 TopCabriolet, a cabrio coach with a large rollbar and fixed window frames which continued to be available well into 1975. In 1978 Baur presented a TopCabriolet version of the succeeding 3-series as well. The Touring version of the 02 Series became available with all engine sizes at the time, including the tii (of which only 422 examples were made). A 2002 tii Touring model was available throughout the run of the tii engine and the Touring body, both of which ended production in 1974.
The 2002 turbo (E20) was launched at the 1973 Frankfurt Motor Show. This was Europe's and BMW's first turbocharged production car.{{cite web|url=http://www.bmw2002.co.uk/history-of-the-02/turbo/ |title=Turbo |website=www.bmw2002.co.uk |access-date=2012-08-11}} It produced {{cvt|170|PS|kW hp|0}} at 5,800 rpm, with {{convert|240|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. The car had a top speed of 211 km/h (131 mph). The 2002 Turbo used the 2002 tii engine with a twin-scroll 0.55 Bar turbocharger developed together with KK&K. The cylinder head was a modified version of the '121TI' design (used on 1972 & earlier 2002s) with larger combustion chambers to give a compression ratio of 6.9:1, in order to prevent engine knocking. A version of the Kugelfischer mechanical fuel injection was used with integrated boost enrichment feature and altitude compensation. The car had a larger radiator and an oil cooler as standard, front brakes were a ventilated derivative of the tii brake and rear drums were a 250mm design that would later appear on the E21 3-series. The gearbox was either a strengthened Getrag 232 4-speed (unique to the 2002 turbo) or the Getrag 235/5 close-ratio 5 speed (which was also optional on 2002 tii), this drove through a 3.36:1 limited slip differential to 5.5J13 steel wheels of a similar design to those that would appear later on the E21. The interior added an extra gauge cluster for the boost gauge & clock plus a red instrument panel with 240kmh/150 mph speedometer, sports seats & steering wheel. The steel body featured a different front-panel with additional tow-bracket and air-intake apertures and the front & rear wheel arches are cut-back to allow fitting of wider wheels. These body changes are clothed in fibreglass wheelarch extensions and a front airdam, all bolted to the body, plus a rubber rear spoiler on the trunk lid. Two standard colours were available: [https://www.bmw-2002-turbo-club.de/technik/farben-exporte/ Chamonix (white) and Polaris (silver)] - and cars featured BMW motorsport colour-scheme stripes/decals on the sides & front airdam. The 2002 Turbo was introduced just before the 1973 oil crisis, therefore only 1,672 were built,Norbye, p. 162 as BMW has since said "BMW had built a car that contradicted the spirit of the times like no automobile before".{{Cite web|url=https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3826800|title = BMW Classic - Recherche-Client}}
At the Paris Motor Show in 1969, BMW unveiled a fastback 2002 GT4 concept car.{{cite web|title=Rare BMW concepts from the sixties|url=http://bimmerin.net/articles/rare-BMW-concepts-from-the-sixties.php|website=www.bimmerin.net|access-date=26 August 2017}} This model never reached production.
1802
File:BMW 1802 rear 20071114.jpg
The 1802 was introduced in 1971 and was available with either the original 2-door sedan body or the 3-door Touring hatchback introduced that year. Power from the 1.8-liter engine is {{cvt|90|PS|kW hp|0}} at 5250 rpm. Production of the Touring model continued until 1974, with the 1802 sedan ending production the following year.
1502
The 1502, an economy model able to run on cheaper low-octane regular gas, was introduced in 1975 in response to increased gasoline prices resulting from global petroleum shortage. It had the same 1573 cc engine displacement as the 1602, but a lower 8.0:1. compression ratio reduced power to {{cvt|75|PS|kW hp|0}}.
While the rest of the 02 Series was replaced in 1975 by the E21 3 Series, the 1502 continued until 1977.
Model year changes
= 1968 January =
= 1968 February =
US-specific 2002 production begins with VIN 1660001. A few early production models were actually assembled the previous fall for emissions testing and as press pool cars. Approximately 2850 were built by the end of the model year production in Sept 1968. These models complied with US DOT and EPA regulations in place as of 1 January 1968.
= 1971 =
In 1971, the 02 Series received a facelift. The 3-door hatchback "Touring" body style (badged "2000" initially) and the 1802 model were introduced as part of the facelift, and the 2002ti was replaced by the 2002tii. Other changes included wraparound bumpers for all models, a 2-piece instrument cluster and new seats.
= 1973 =
File:1975 BMW 2002 (E10) Tii sedan (18864236878).jpg
Exterior trim changes, including revised tail-lights (except for Touring models and in the United States, which maintained round tail lights, US models received the revisions for the 1974 model year), grille and kidney trim.
= 1975 =
The 1502 is introduced as the base model.
Special models
= 2002 ti Diana =
To celebrate the marriage of racer Hubert Hahne to Diana Körner, twelve custom 2002 ti models were built with changes including twin headlights (from the 2800 CS) a leather interior and Italian aluminium wheels.{{cite web|title=BMW Diana Cappucino of Hubert Hahne|url=http://www.ahrend-02-tuning.de/index.php/galerie/119-bmw-2002-cappucino-diana|website=www.ahrend-02-tuning.de|access-date=2016-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516195105/https://www.ahrend-02-tuning.de/index.php/galerie/119-bmw-2002-cappucino-diana|archive-date=2019-05-16|url-status=dead}} Each of the twelve cars were painted in a different colour. There are only four known remaining 2002 ti Diana.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ahrend-02-tuning.de/index.php/galerie/119-bmw-2002-cappucino-diana/|title=Ahrend-02-Tuning Ahrend 02 Tuning: BMW Diana|last1=www.mhcX-Medienagentur.de|first1=mhcX-Medienagentur-|last2=MHCompuhelp|website=Ahrend-02-Tuning|language=de-de|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=2019-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829104456/https://www.ahrend-02-tuning.de/index.php/galerie/119-bmw-2002-cappucino-diana/|url-status=dead}}
= 1602 Elektro =
File:BMW 1602 Elektro IAA 2021 1X7A0257.jpg
For the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Germany, BMW developed the "1602 Elektro" electric-powered concept vehicle, its first electric car.{{cite web|title=40 Jahre Elektromobilität bei der BMW Group|url=https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/deutschland/article/attachment/T0134915DE/204353&usg=ALkJrhjtTKafctWM5tmI7p31Gerfs2tSZQ|website=www.bmwgroup.com}} Two vehicles were produced, and in addition to shuttling VIPs, they served as a support vehicle of the long-distance walkers and marathon runners during the games.{{cite news|url=http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1097329_1972-bmw-1602e-bmws-first-electric-car-detailed-in-new-video?|title=1972 BMW 1602e: BMW's First Electric Car Detailed In New Video |work=Motor Authority|date=2015-03-19|access-date=2016-05-05|first=Viknesh|last=Vijayenthiran}} The {{convert|350|kg|0|abbr=on}} pack of twelve lead-acid batteries (located under the bonnet) gave a range of approximately {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}}.
= 2002 GT4 =
A special Frua-designed coupe body was developed on the basis of a 2002 Ti. Only two were produced in 1969/1970.{{Cite web|title=GT4 {{!}} BMW 2002|url=https://www.bmw2002.co.uk/history-of-the-02/gt4/|access-date=2021-02-27|language=en-GB}}
In Uruguay
File:50º aniversario del BMW 2002 en Uruguay - 19.jpg
The 1600 and 2002 were assembled in Uruguay under licence by Convex.{{cite web |url=https://motorsports.com.uy/2018/11/los-50-del-2002.html |title=Los 50 del 2002 |website=Motorsports El País |date=8 November 2018 |lang=es}}
Production figures
Motorsport
According to the Racing Sportscars database, the BMW 2002 was used in competitive motorsport from 1968 to 1986, and 2002s were entered in 600 events. There were 2449 entries of cars at these 600 events, with 1520 finishes and 707 retirements (a finishing ratio of 68%).
Overall event wins totaled 50 (with additional 53 class wins), 57 2nd places and 62 3rd-place finishes.{{Cite web |title=Bmv 2002 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/type/Bmw/2002.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128082644/https://www.racingsportscars.com/type/Bmw/2002.html |archive-date=28 January 2023 |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=Racing Sports Cars}}
Image:Goodwood edited-112 (53863491409).jpg in 2024, driven by Leopold Prinz von Bayern.]]
Dieter Quester & Hubert Hahne won the June 1969 European Touring Car Race (ETCC) at Brand's Hatch, Kent, UK{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1969-brands-hatch-etcc-2/|title=1969 Brands Hatch ETCC | Motorsport Database}} in a BMW 2002 TiK (the ~250BHP turbocharged factory-developed 2002 touring car){{Cite web |title=The 1969 2002tiK Kompressor |url=https://www.bmw2002faq.com/articles/technical-articles/racing-and-safety/the-1969-2002tik-kompressor-r349/ |website=BMW 2002 FAQ}}
The BMW 2002 competed in the Trans Am Series under two liter class, although it saw little success as the class was dominated by Alfa Romeo, Porsche, and Datsun. In the golden age of Trans Am (1966–1972), BMW only garnered two race wins (Bryar and Bridgehampton in 1970).
Hans-Joachim Stuck and Clemens Schickentanz won the inaugural 1970 24 Hours Nürburgring driving a 2002.[https://web.archive.org/web/20040224195412/http://homepage.mac.com/frank_de_jong/Races/1970%20Nurburgring%2024hrs.html Nürburgring 24 hours, homepage.mac.com, as archived at web.archive.org/]
Achim Warnbold teamed up with Jean Todt won the 1973 Austrian Rally 9th round of the inaugural World Rally Championship season with a 2002 Tii. But in the rally field, the greatest success of 2002TI was winning the European Rally Championship, which was achieved in 1971 by a Polish driver, Sobiesław Zasada (previously European Champion in 1966 and 1967). Second place was taken by Sandro Munari (later 1977 World Champion) on Lancia, and the third place was taken by the equally legendary Jean-Pierre Nicolas on an Alpine-Renault.
In Uruguay, the 2002 won the 1971 and 1973 Gran Premio 19 Capitales rally race and the 1972 6 Hours of El Pinar circuit race.
Homages
In 2015, BMW introduced a pair of concept cars paying tribute to the BMW 2002 turbo: the 2002 Hommage Concept and the 2002 Hommage Turbomeister Concept.
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|BMW 02 Series}}
{{BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bmw New Class}}
Category:Cars introduced in 1966