BRAC (organisation)

Image:Fazle Hasan Abed.jpg, founder of BRAC]]

Known formerly as the Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Committee, then as the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, and later as Building Resources Across Communities,{{cite web |url=https://www.innovations.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/102991.pdf |title=BRAC: Building Resources Across Communities, The Coproduction of Governance: Civil Society, the Government, and the Private Sector |last=Abed |first=Fazle Hasan |website=Government Innovators Network |publisher=Harvard University |access-date=8 September 2016 |archive-date=17 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917204442/https://www.innovations.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/102991.pdf |url-status=dead}} BRAC was initiated in 1972 by Sir Fazle Hasan Abed at Shallah Upazillah in the district of Sunamganj as a large scale relief and rehabilitation project to help returning war refugees after the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.{{cite web |url=http://www.hbs.edu/businesshistory/emerging-markets/pages/profile-detail.aspx?profile=fhabed |title=Interview with Fazle Hasan Abed |website=Creating Emerging Markets |publisher=Harvard Business School |access-date=3 November 2015 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930222632/http://www.hbs.edu/businesshistory/emerging-markets/pages/profile-detail.aspx?profile=fhabed |url-status=live}}

Until the mid-1970s, BRAC concentrated on community development through village development programmes that included agriculture, fisheries, cooperatives, rural crafts, adult literacy, health and family planning, vocational training for women, and the construction of community centres. A Research and Evaluation Division (RED) was set up to evaluate its activities and decide direction, and in 1977, BRAC began taking a more targeted approach by creating Village Organisations (VO) to assist the landless, small farmers, artisans, and vulnerable women. That same year, BRAC set up a commercial printing press to help finance its activities. The handicraft retail chain called Aarong was established the following year.[http://www.aarong.com/about-aarong/ "This ethical brand began in 1978"... "supports 65,000 artisans with fair terms" in about-aarong at aarong.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819100203/https://www.aarong.com/about-aarong/ |date=19 August 2019 }}. Retrieved 6 April 2017

In the late 1970s, diarrhoea was a leading cause of child mortality in Bangladesh.{{cite book |last1=Chowdhury |first1=A. Mushtaque R. |last2=Cash |first2=Richard A. |author2-link=Richard A. Cash |date=1996 |title=A Simple Solution: Teaching Millions to Treat Diarrhoea at Home |location=Dhaka |publisher=University Press |page=23 |isbn=978-984-05-1341-3}} In February 1979, BRAC began a field trial in two villages of what was then Sulla thana, of a campaign to combat diarrhoea.{{harvnb|Chowdhury|Cash|1996|p=29}} The following year, they scaled up the operation and named it the Oral Therapy Extension Programme (OTEP).{{harvnb|Chowdhury|Cash|1996|p=42}} It taught rural mothers in their homes how to prepare an oral rehydration solution (ORS) from readily available ingredients and how to use it to treat diarrhoea.{{harvnb|Chowdhury|Cash|1996|pp=25, 28–29}} The training was reinforced with posters and radio and TV spots.{{harvnb|Chowdhury|Cash|1996|p=78}}

The ten-year programme taught 12 million households spread over 75,000 villages in every part of Bangladesh except the Chittagong Hill Tracts (which were unsafe to work in because of civil unrest).{{harvnb|Chowdhury|Cash|1996|pp=42–43, 100}} Fifteen years after they were taught, the vast majority of mothers could still prepare a safe and effective ORS.{{harvnb|Chowdhury|Cash|1996|p=100}} The treatment was little known in Bangladesh when OTEP began,{{harvnb|Chowdhury|Cash|1996|p=101}} but 15 years later it was used in rural households for severe diarrhoea more than 80% of the time, one of the highest rates in the world.{{harvnb|Chowdhury|Cash|1996|p=xvi}}

Non Formal Primary Education was started by BRAC in 1985.[http://schugurensky.faculty.asu.edu/moments/1985brac.html Daniel Schugurensky: 1985 - BRAC begins non-formal primary education for poor children in Bangladesh, History of Education: Selected Moments of the 20th Century at schugurensky.faculty.asu.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509090705/http://schugurensky.faculty.asu.edu/moments/1985brac.html |date=9 May 2017 }}. Retrieved 6 April 2017

In 1979, BRAC started a Rural Development Programme (RDP).{{cite web |title=The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) |url=https://www.gdrc.org/icm/brac.html |publisher=THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTER |access-date=1 September 2023 |date=1991}} This was intended to give members access to credit and to savings facilities. The programme involved considerable growth in the number of people who were members of BRAC: in 1989, three years after the start of the Rural Development Programme, there were 350,000 members, and by 1995 there were 1.2 to 1.5 million members.{{cite web |title=UK Assistance to Components of the BRAC Rural Development Programme, Bangladesh (enterprise development; credit provision;technical support for borrowers): Evaluation Summary EV606 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/67997/ev606s.pdf |publisher=Department for International Development, United Kingdom |access-date=1 September 2023 |date=1998}} An evaluation by the United Kingdom Department for International Development in 1998 found that the programme had been successful, though not all the aims were achieved.{{cite web |last1=Mustafa |first1=Shams |last2=Ara |first2=Ishrat |last3=Banu |first3=Dilruba |last4=Hossain |first4=Altaf |last5=Kabir |first5=Azmal |last6=Mohsin |first6=Mohammad |last7=Yusuf |first7=Abu |last8=Jahan |first8=Sarwar |title=Beacon of Hope: an impact assessment study of BRAC's Rural Development Programme |url=https://www.findevgateway.org/sites/default/files/publications/files/mfg-en-case-study-beacon-of-hope-an-impact-assessment-study-of-bracs-rural-development-programme-1996.pdf |publisher=BRAC Research and Evaluation Division |access-date=1 September 2023 |date=1996}} BRAC's own evaluation in 1996 found "gradual improvements in the indicators such as wealth, revenue earning assets, the value of house structure, the level of cash earned, per capita expenditure on food, total household expenditure", but hoped-for improvements in village self-management had not taken place, and the drop-out rate of members was high.

In 1991, the Women's Health Development programme commenced. The following year, BRAC established a Centre for Development Management (CDM) in Rajendrapur.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240229151601/https://mackcenter.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/publications/brac_a_pioneering_bangladesh_human_service_organization_1972-2009.pdf BRAC: A Pioneering Bangladesh Human Service Organization (1972-2009)] (PDF) (Academic Paper) mackcenter.berkley.edu. Archived from [https://mackcenter.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/publications/brac_a_pioneering_bangladesh_human_service_organization_1972-2009.pdf the original] (PDF) on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2024.

BRAC opened an Information Technology Institute in 1999.

In 2001, BRAC established a university in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh, called BRAC University.[http://admissions.bracu.ac.bd/academia/ "BRAC University was established by BRAC in 2001" at bracu.ac.bd/academia/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419082258/http://admissions.bracu.ac.bd/academia/ |date=19 April 2017 }}. Retrieved 8 April 2017

{{Quote box|

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|quote=BRAC has done what few others have – they have achieved success on a massive scale, bringing life-saving health programs to millions of the world's poorest people. They remind us that even the most intractable health problems are solvable, and inspire us to match their success throughout the developing world.

|source=Bill Gates, Co-chair, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Global Health Award, 2004

|}}

Microfinance, introduced in 1974, is BRAC's oldest programme. It spans all districts of Bangladesh.{{cite web |url=http://www.brac.net/content/microfinance |title=Microfinance |website=BRAC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625011027/http://brac.net/content/microfinance |archive-date=25 June 2011 |access-date=21 February 2012}}{{cite journal |last=Barber |first=Ben |date=May 2002 |title=No Free Lunch |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-86396661.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008195443/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-86396661.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-10-08 |journal=World & I |volume=17 |issue=5 }} It provides collateral-free loans to mostly poor, landless, rural women, enabling them to generate income and improve their standards of living. BRAC's microfinance program is estimated to give out around the equivalent of one billion dollars a year in loans.{{Cite news |title=BRAC in business |url=https://www.economist.com/business/2010/02/18/brac-in-business |access-date=2024-12-03 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}

BRAC founded its retail outlet, Aarong (Bengali for "village fair") in 1978 to market and distribute products made by indigenous peoples. Aarong services about 65,000 artisans, and sells gold and silver jewellery, handloom, leather crafts, etc.

The Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction: Targeting the Ultra Poor (CFPR-TUP) project was started in 2002.{{cite news |author1=Rakib Avi |author2=Anika Noor |date=20 September 2015 |title=Hope Is The Word |newspaper=The Daily Star |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/hope-the-word-145702 |access-date=21 September 2015 |archive-date=20 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920235238/http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/hope-the-word-145702 |url-status=live}} The ultra-poor are a group of people who eat below 80% of their energy requirements, despite spending at least 80% of their income on food.{{cite journal |last1=Lipton |first1=Michael |date=22 May 2009 |title=Seasonality and Ultrapoverty |url=http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/10506 |journal=IDS Bulletin |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=4–8 |doi=10.1111/j.1759-5436.1986.mp17003002.x}} In Bangladesh, they constitute the poorest 17.5 per cent of the population.Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2010, Bureau of Statistics These people suffer from chronic hunger and malnutrition, have inadequate shelter, are more prone to disease, are deprived of education, and are more vulnerable to recurring natural disasters. The CFPR-TUP programme is aimed at households that are too poor to access the benefits from development interventions such as microfinance and assists them to access mainstream development services. The program costs around US$35 million a year.{{cite web |title=Expense Revenue 2015 |url=http://www.brac.net/partnership |access-date=22 April 2017 |archive-date=1 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501060838/http://www.brac.net/partnership |url-status=live}}

Some sources have argued that microcredit programs in Bangladesh, including those implemented by BRAC, may have unintended negative consequences for Bangladeshi women's economic status. Critics suggest that the financial assistance provided by BRAC might feed into the perception among local elites that women no longer require extra support. This perception may divert charitable giving's toward direct funding of religious institutions instead of direct aid to the impoverished.{{Cite book |last=Mannan |first=Manzurul |title=BRAC, global policy language, and women in Bangladesh: transformation and manipulation |date=2015 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-1-4384-5785-7 |location=Albany}}

BRAC is one of the largest NGOs involved in primary education in Bangladesh. Since 1974, BRAC's primary education efforts were observable with their circulation of Gonokendra, an educational children's magazine, that BRAC sent to each of Bangladesh's primary schools. Soon they were circulating 3,000 issues monthly. Sponsored by UNICEF, they were able to disseminate 50,000 copies to the country's primary schools. BRAC continued developing education materials over the next few decades until, eventually, beginning to design their own primary and secondary school curriculum. In 1985, BRAC built 22 new one room schoolhouses, which constituted their "Non-Formal Primary Education Program" (NFPE). This was an effort to reduce illiteracy and truancy in Bangladeshi children, as well as address the education disparity between boys and girls.{{Cite book |last=Smillie |first=Ian |title=Freedom From Want: The Remarkable Success Story of BRAC, the Global Grassroots Organization That's Winning the Fight Against Poverty |date=2009 |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |isbn=978-1-56549-315-5 |location=Boulder}}

In 2018, BRAC educated over a million children have been educated worldwide.{{Cite news |title=How BRAC, the world's biggest charity, made Bangladesh richer |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2019/09/05/how-brac-the-worlds-biggest-charity-made-bangladesh-richer |access-date=2024-12-03 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}} Its schools constitute three-quarters of all NGO non-formal primary schools in the country.{{cite web |url=http://rih.stanford.edu/rosenfield/resources/Primary%20Education%20in%20Bangladesh.pdf |title=Report on Primary Education in Bangladesh: Challenges and Successes |last1=Ardt |first1=Kalene |last2=Hastings |first2=Chas |last3=Hopkins |first3=Katie |last4=Knebel |first4=Robin |last5=Loh |first5=Jun |last6=Woods |first6=Rodney |year=2005 |website=Rethinking International Health |publisher=Stanford University School of Medicine |access-date=21 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718121652/http://rih.stanford.edu/rosenfield/resources/Primary%20Education%20in%20Bangladesh.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2010 |url-status=dead}}

BRAC's education programme provides non-formal primary education to those left out of the formal education system, especially poor, rural, or disadvantaged children, and drop-outs.{{cite web |url=http://brac.net/sites/default/files/ar2014/BRAC-annual-report-14.pdf |title=BRAC Bangladesh Annual Report 2014 |website=BRAC |access-date=25 November 2015 |archive-date=26 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126175525/http://brac.net/sites/default/files/ar2014/BRAC-annual-report-14.pdf |url-status=live }} Its schools are typically one room with one teacher and no more than 33 students. Core subjects include mathematics, social studies and English. The schools also offer extracurricular activities. They incentivise schooling by providing food, allowing flexible learning hours, and conferring scholarships contingent on academic performance.{{cite web |url=http://sanisoft.tripod.com/bdeshedu/gender.html |title=Gender Differences |website=Education in Bangladesh, a Dawson College term paper |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824202000/http://sanisoft.tripod.com/bdeshedu/gender.html |archive-date=24 August 2011 |access-date=21 February 2012}}

Bangladesh has reduced the gap between male and female attendance in schools. The improvement in female enrollment, which has largely been at the primary level, is in part attributable to BRAC. Roughly 60% of the students in their schools are girls.

BRAC also runs a university called BRAC University, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. BRAC University offers a liberal arts university education. The primary language for education at BRAC University is English. BRAC University is officially accredited by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and operates with the approval of the Ministry of Education in Bangladesh {{Cite web |date=2017-10-25 |title=About |url=https://www.bracu.ac.bd/about#mission |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=www.bracu.ac.bd |language=en}}

BRAC started providing public healthcare in 1972 with an initial focus on curative care through paramedics and a self-financing health insurance scheme. The programme went on to provide integrated healthcare services to around 30 million people.

Image:A community health worker conducting a survey in the Korail slum, Bangladesh (8630810827).jpgBRAC's 2007 impact assessment of its North West Microfinance Expansion Project testified to increased awareness of legal issues, including those of marriage and divorce, among women participants in BRAC programs. Furthermore, women participants' self-confidence was boosted, and the incidence of domestic violence was found to have declined.{{cite web |url=http://www.ode.ausaid.gov.au/publications/documents/microfinance-issues-note.pdf |title=Microfinance, gender and aid effectiveness |last1=Rogers |first1=Cate |last2=O'Farrell |first2=Sue-Ellen |date=October 2008 |website=AusAID Office of Development Effectiveness |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517002106/http://www.ode.ausaid.gov.au/publications/documents/microfinance-issues-note.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2011 |access-date=21 February 2012}} One of the most prominent forms of violence against women, acid throwing, has been decreasing by 15-20% annually since the enactment in 2002 of legislation specifically targeting acid violence.{{cite web |url=http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/news-center/upload/Combating-Acid-Violence-Report.pdf |title=Combating Acid Violence in Bangladesh, India, and Cambodia |last=Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School, and the New York City Bar Association |year=2011 |website=Cornell Law School |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-date=16 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616153037/http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/news-center/upload/Combating-Acid-Violence-Report.pdf |url-status=live}}

BRAC responded to Cyclone Sidr, which hit vast areas of the south-western coast of Bangladesh in mid-November 2007.{{Cite web |title=Assessing the efforts of NGOs in cyclone disaster management in Bangladesh |url=https://1library.net/document/y68lvdnz-assessing-efforts-ngos-cyclone-disaster-management-bangladesh.html |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=1library.net |language=en}} BRAC provided emergency relief to survivors, like clothing, food, safe drinking water, and medical care.{{Cite web |date=2007-11-30 |title=Bangladesh: Cyclone Sidr OCHA Situation Report No. 11 {{!}} OCHA |url=https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/bangladesh/bangladesh-cyclone-sidr-ocha-situation-report-no-11 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=www.unocha.org |language=en}} BRAC is now focusing on long-term rehabilitation, which will include agriculture support, infrastructure reconstruction and livelihood regeneration.

BRAC has a collaboration with Nike's Girl Effect campaign to launch a new program to reach out to teenagers in Uganda and Tanzania.{{cite press release |date=28 May 2008 |title=Nike Foundation and Buffetts join to invest $100 million in girls |url=http://www.nikefoundation.org/files/The_Girl_Effect_News_Release.pdf |publisher=Nike Foundation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004165309/http://www.nikefoundation.org/files/The_Girl_Effect_News_Release.pdf |archive-date=4 October 2011}}{{Cite web |last=Candid |title=NIKE, NoVo Foundation Commit $100 Million to the Girl Effect |url=https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/nike-novo-foundation-commit-100-million-to-the-girl-effect |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=Philanthropy News Digest (PND) |language=en}}

In 2006, BRAC received donations from the Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) and the government of the Netherlands / Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (EKN).[https://web.archive.org/web/20240329000000*/http://www.ircwash.org:80/sites/default/files/brac_wash_programme_final_report_2006-2015_0.pdf Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Nine years of scale and innovation in Bangladesh] (PDF) (Programme Report) IRC. Archived from [https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/brac_wash_programme_final_report_2006-2015_0.pdf the original] (PDF) on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2024.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) is on the list of BRAC donors, and in 2020 it committed multiple emergency response grants to BRAC and BRAC USA, totaling around the equivalent of US$600,000{{Cite web |title=INV-019103 |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2020/05/inv019103 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=INV-022653 |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2020/10/inv022653 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}

In 2012, the Department for International Development (DFID), the government of the UK and Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), and the Australian government (SPA) (under the strategic partnership arrangement) became BRAC donors as well.{{Cite web |url=https://www.brac.net/water-sanitation-hygiene/item/828-donors-and-partners |title=Donors and Partners |access-date=7 December 2017 |archive-date=8 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208070615/https://www.brac.net/water-sanitation-hygiene/item/828-donors-and-partners |url-status=dead}}

BRAC is partly self-funded through a number of social enterprises. These include a retail fashion chain called Aarong that sells rural handicrafts, an agricultural seed business, a dairy, and a cold storage facility, among others. Between 2011 and 2015, surplus self-generated revenue from the organization's enterprises averaged $17 million annually.{{cite book |last1=MacMillan |first1=Scott |title=Hope over fate: Fazle Hasan Abed and the science of ending global poverty |year=2022 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-6492-1 |pages=135, 251}}

Historian Taj Hashmi has criticized BRAC's projects for exploiting the cheap labour of rural women and children. An embroidered saree retailed at Aarong for 6,000 Bangladeshi taka ($120 as of 2000), for example, earned the embroiderer only 300 taka (less than $7).{{cite book |last1=Hashmi |first1=Taj I. |title=Women and Islam in Bangladesh: beyond subjection and tyranny |year=2000 |publisher=Palgrave |isbn=978-0-312-22219-2 |page=155}}

BRAC operates in 13 countries.

• Asia: Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Philippines, Nepal, Myanmar
• Africa: Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, South Sudan, Liberia, Sierra Leone
• Caribbean: Haiti
• BRAC provides technical assistance to organisations in Haiti, Sudan, and Indonesia
• BRAC has affiliate organisations in the United Kingdom and the United States

• Independence Award, 2007{{cite news |first=Dhaka |last=UNB |title= Independence Award to Army, Brac; CA for hunger-free Bangladesh |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2007/03/26/d7032601159.htm |publisher=The Daily Star |id=Vol 5 Num 1,002 |date= 2007-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518091922/http://www.thedailystar.net/2007/03/26/d7032601159.htm |access-date=2008-01-16|archive-date=18 May 2011 }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.cabinet.gov.bd/view_award.php?year_select=2007&Submit=GO&lang=en |title=2007 award |access-date=2013-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514080816/http://www.cabinet.gov.bd/view_award.php?year_select=2007&Submit=GO&lang=en |archive-date=2013-05-14 |url-status=dead }}
• Number one NGO in the world, 2019 by NGO Advisor.{{cite web |url=https://www.ngoadvisor.net/ong/brac |title=BRAC |website=BRAC Official Website |date=13 January 2016 |access-date=23 January 2020 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503111801/https://www.ngoadvisor.net/ong/brac |url-status=live }}
• Number one NGO in the world, 2018{{Cite web|url=http://www.brac.net/latest-news/item/1145-brac-ranked-top-global-ngo-of-2018|title=BRAC ranked top global NGO of 2018|website=www.brac.net|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-06-04|archive-date=14 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210516/http://www.brac.net/latest-news/item/1145-brac-ranked-top-global-ngo-of-2018|url-status=live}}
• Number one NGO in the world, 2017 by NGO Advisor{{cite web |url=https://www.ngoadvisor.net/ong/brac/ |title=NGO Advisor |website=NGO Advisor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110161931/https://www.ngoadvisor.net/ong/brac/|archive-date=2017-01-10|url-status=dead |access-date=10 January 2017}}
• Number one NGO in the world, 2016 by NGO Advisor{{cite web |url=http://www.brac.net/component/k2/item/978-brac-ranked-number-one-ngo-in-the-world |title=BRAC ranked number one NGO in the world |website=BRAC Official Website |access-date=10 January 2017 |archive-date=10 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110162800/http://www.brac.net/component/k2/item/978-brac-ranked-number-one-ngo-in-the-world |url-status=live }}

• ASA (NGO)
• Grameen Bank

{{reflist}}

• Banu, Dilruba, Fehmin Farashuddin, Altaf Hossain, and Shahnuj Akter. "Empowering Women in Rural Bangladesh: Impact of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee's Impact." (n.d.): n. pag. BRAC. Web.
• {{cite journal |last1=Chowdhury |first1=M. Jahangir Alam |last2=Ghosh |first2=Dipak |last3=Wright |first3=Robert E. |year=2005 |title=The impact of micro-credit on poverty: evidence from Bangladesh |journal=Progress in Development Studies |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=298–309 |doi=10.1191/1464993405ps116oa|s2cid=154925150 }}
• Rohde, J. E. "BRAC- Learning To Reach Health For All." Bulletin Of The World Health Organization 84.8 (2006): 682–83. Web.
• "World Winners From WISE." Education Journal 130 (2011): 32. Web.
• Smillie, Ian. [https://archive.org/details/freedomfromwantr0000smil Freedom From Want: The Remarkable Success Story of BRAC, the Global Grassroots Organization That's Winning the Fight Against Poverty], 2009.
• Lovell, Catherine. Breaking the Cycle of Poverty: The BRAC Strategy, 1992.
• [https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2008/0602/066.html Is Bigger Better?], Forbes.
• [http://www.hbs.edu/businesshistory/emerging-markets/pages/profile-detail.aspx?profile=fhabed Creating Emerging Markets Project, Sir Fazle Hasan Abed]
• {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2012/feb/13/brac-lifts-ultra-poor-out-poverty?newsfeed=true |title=Brac programme lifting 'ultra-poor' out of poverty in Bangladesh |last=Tran |first=Mark |date=13 February 2012 |work=The Guardian |access-date=23 February 2012}}

• {{Official website|brac.net}}
• [http://www.bracu.ac.bd/ BRAC University]
• [http://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/xmlui/handle/10361/12837 BRAC Research and Evaluation Division Archive]
• [http://www.bracbank.com/ BRAC Bank]
• [http://www.bracnet.net/ BRACNet Limited]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20160913045112/http://www.ehutbd.net/ e-hut]
• [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/05/world/asia/05bangla.html An Army of Housewives Battles TB in Bangladesh], The New York Times
• {{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/titansofaid/pip/7vmv0/ |title=Titans of Aid |website=BBC Radio 4}}
• [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/rxforsurvival/series/video/c_faz_atl_bangladesh2.html The Story of BRAC], PBS
• [http://www.girleffect.org/ Girl Effect], BRAC's partnership with Nike

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Category:Child education organizations

Category:International climate change organizations

Category:Nature conservation organisations based in Asia

Category:Economic development organizations

Category:Microfinance organizations

Category:Organizations established in 1972

Category:Poverty-related organizations

Category:Rural community development

Category:Microfinance banks

Category:Organisations based in Dhaka

Category:Recipients of the Independence Award