Bageshri
{{Short description|A Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox raga
| name = Bageshri
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| thaat = Kafi{{cite web|url=http://www.tanarang.com/english/bageshree_eng.htm |title=Raag Bageshree – Hindustani Classical Music |publisher=Tanarang.com |accessdate=2022-08-25}}
| type = Audav Shadav/ Audav-Sampurna / Shadav sampurna Or sampurna sampurna
| time = 2nd Prahar of the Night (9PM to 12AM)
| season =
| avarohana = S'n D m g R S
Or S' n D m P D g m g R S
Or S' n D,P D n D m g, R G m g R S
| pakad = D n s, m, m P D, m g R S
| chalan =
| synonym = Vagishvari{{sfn|Bor|Rao|1999}}
| equivalent =
| similar = Rageshri
}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music}}
File:Bageshri - arohanam and avarohanam.wav
Raga Bageshri or Bageshree ({{IAST3|Bāgeśrī}}) is a Hindustani raga. It is a janya raga (derived scale) of the 22nd Melakarta raga Kharaharapriya. It is meant to depict the emotion of waiting for reunion with one's lover. Being a very melodic raga it has gained popularity over the centuries. Like all ragas, Raga Bageshri traces its origins to the Samaveda, a sacred Hindu text with roots that likely date back to around 1500 BCE, though its oral tradition could be much older.{{Cite journal |last1=Jamison |first1=S. W. |last2=Witzel |first2=Michael |date=1992 |title=Vedic Hinduism |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242441906_Vedic_Hinduism |journal=The Study of Hinduism |page=2}}
Raga Bageshri is a night time raga (madhya raatri Ragsamaya), written in Kaafi thaat, Ma Vadi, Sa Samvadi, 5/7 Jati, Hasya Rasa (associated with joyful, the comic, and happy emotions){{Cite web |title=Ragopedia Raga Chapter - Rasa |url=https://www.ragopedia.com/raga/rasa.html |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=www.ragopedia.com}}. {{Cite web |title=Table of Indian Raags |url=http://www.p-sarkar.com/Table%20of%20Indian%20Raags.htm |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=www.p-sarkar.com}}
In modern days, people like the popular Hindi music director C.Ramchandra favour composing songs in Bageshri, as he found it simple. In a 1978 interview at BBC studios with Mahendra Kaul, he explained this, while playing songs like (Radha na bole – Azad, 1955) that were set to Bageshri.{{cite news |last1=Kaul |first1=Mahendra |title=Interview with C Ramchandra |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/1979-09-02 |access-date=11 April 2019 |publisher=BBC Studios |date=2 February 1978}}
Theory
The theoretical aspects of Bageshri are as follows:
= Scale =
= Vadi & Samavadi =
= [[Pakad]] or [[Raga|Chalan]] =
D n s, m, m P D, m g R S
:Varjit Swara – P & R in Aaroh
:Jati : – Audav-Sampoorna (Vakra)
= Organization & Relationships =
= [[Samayā]] (Time) =
The time for this raaga is {{transliteration|hi|madhya raatri}} (middle of the night).
Carnatic music
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Bageshri
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela = 22nd, Kharaharapriya
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|G2|M1|D2|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|N2|P|M1|G2|R2|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
Bageshri raga a popular raga. It is derived from the 22nd Melakarta, Kharaharapriya.Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications This raga is a janya raga (derived) as it does not have all the seven notes in the ascending scale.
= Structure and Lakshana =
Bageshri is an asymmetric scale that does not contain panchamam or rishabam in the ascending scale. It is called a audava-sampurna rāgam, in Carnatic music classification (as it has 5 notes in ascending and 7 notes in descending scale). Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
- Arohana : {{svaraC|S|G2|R2|M1|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
- Avarohana : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|N2|P|M1|G2|R2|S|foot=yes}}
This scale uses the notes {{transliteration|hi|shadjam, chathusruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham}}, and {{transliteration|hi|kaisiki nishadam}}.
= Popular compositions =
Bageshri is a very melodic raga in Carnatic music. So, even though this scale has been used only in a few krithis (compositions), many devaranamas, ashtapadis, thiruppugazhs, and other lyrics have been set to tune in this raga. It is typically sung in concerts after the main piece, in viruttams, padams, bhajans, and ragamalika.
Here are some popular compositions in Bageshri.
- Eru mayil eri vilayaducomposed by Arunagirinathar
- Sagarasayana by M. D. Ramanathan
- Maname Ariyen by Papanasam Sivan
- Antakanadutarige KiMchittu dayavilla by Purandaradasa
- Govindamiha by Narayana Theertha
Film Songs
= Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] =
| class="wikitable" |
| Song
!Movie !Composer !Singer |
|---|
| Kaanaa Inbam Kannidhadheno
|T. A. Mothi, P. Susheela |
| Kalaiyae En Vazhkaiyin |
| Idhaya Vaasal Thirantha Pothum |
| Anbale Thediya En |
| Malare Malare Theriyatha |
| Kangale Kangale
| rowspan="4" |Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy |
| Mayakkum Maalai |
| Malarukku Thendral |
| Paal Irukkum Pazham Irukkum
|rowspan="3"|T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela |
| Ponnezhil Pootadu
| rowspan="5" |M. S. Viswanathan |
| Nee Ennenna Sonnalum |
| Nilave Ennidam
|Ramu |
| Avan Nenaithaana |
| Kannanin Sanithiyil
|Oru Kodiyil Iru Malargal |
| Nee Engey En Ninaivugal |
| Punnagai Mannan |
| Melatha Mella
|rowspan="17"|Ilaiyaraaja |
| Kelaayo Kanna
|P. Susheela, Usha Srinivasan |
| Kala Kala Sangamamo
|Ezhumalayaan Magimai |
| Then Mozhi
|rowspan="3"|Mano |
| Kaviyam Padava Thendrale |
| Mounam Yen Mounamey |
| Roja Ondru Mutham Ketkum Neram |
| Eduthu Naan Vidava |
| Ingeyum |
| Unnayum Ennayum |
| Yarodu Yaro
|Salangayil Oru Sangeetham |rowspan="2"|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Chinnai Chiru |
| Rokkam Irukura Makkal
|Kasi |
| Singalathu Chinnakuyile
(Ragam Bahudari touches also) |rowspan=2|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Vaikasi Masthula |
| Mazhai Varuthu
|rowspan="3"|K.J. Jesudas, K. S. Chithra |
| Sangathamizh Kaviye
(Ragamalika:Abheri, Bageshri, Sumanesa Ranjani) |
| Santosham Kaanatha
|rowspan="2"|Chandrabose |
| Koluse Koluse
|Pen Puthi Mun Puthi |
| Chinna Kannan
|rowspan=2|Manoj–Gyan |
| Thazham Poovai Theril Kanden
|Rojakkal Unakaga |S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha(Humming only) |
| Malaicharal Oram
|Avathellam Pennalae |rowspan=2|Shankar–Ganesh |
| Kadalodu Nadhikenna Kobam
|Arthangal Ayiram |rowspan=3|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Aruviyin Oram
|Paadum Paadal Unakkaga |Maharaajaa |
| Naan Vandha Idam
|Thanga Kolusu |rowspan=2|Deva |
| Thalaivanai Azhaikuthu |
| Uchathil Otha Kuyil
|Partha Parvayil |M. M. A. Iniyavan |
| Pollatha Kannan
|Swararaj |K. S. Chithra, Gajendran |
| Aaromale (Malayalam)
|rowspan=3|A. R. Rahman |Alphons Joseph, Shreya Ghoshal(Female Version) |
| Valayapatti Thavile
(Ragamalika: Bihag, Bageshri, Neelambhari) |Naresh Iyer, Ujjayinee Roy, Srimathumitha, Darshana KT |
| Seemanthapoo
|Jonita Gandhi, Sharanya Srinivas, Sireesha Bhagavatula |
| Kaatru Vanthu Santham Solla
|Konjum Kili |S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sunandha |
| Vallami Tharayo
|Bharadwaj, Surmukhi Raman |
| Thuli Thuliyai
(Ragamalika:Harikambhoji, Bageshri) |Ramesh Vinayakam, Kaushiki Chakrabarty, Vinaya |
= Language: Hindi =
| class="wikitable" |
| Song
!Movie !Composer !Singer |
|---|
| Aja Re, Paradesi |
| Phir Chhiddi Raat |
| Bachna Ae Haseeno
|Hum Kisise Kum Nahi (1977) / Bachna Ae Haseeno (2008) |R D Burman (1977) / Vishal-Shekhar (2008) |Kishore Kumar / Sumit Kumar |
| Ami Je To Mar |
| Ghadi Ghadi Mora Dil Dhadke |
| Bedardi Dagabaz Ja Tu Nahin Balma Mora |
| Chah Barbad Karegi |
| Ja Re, Beiman Tujhe Jan Liya |
| Jaag Dard-e-Ishq Jaag |
| Shubh Ghadi Aai
|Insaaf Ki Tope |Nagar Das Nayak |Shaila V. Panchotia |
| Jao Jao Nand Ke Lala |
| Radha Na Bole Na Bole |
| Ruth Ke Humse Kahin |
| Sanwoli Saloni Teri Jheel Si Aankhen |
| Aab Ghar Aaja |
| Mera Chand Mujhe Aaya Hai Nazar |
| Kahena Hi Kya |
| Aisa Kyon Hota Hai Barbar |
| Bolo Na |
| Emotional Atyachar |
| Chahaton Ka Silsila |
| Bhare Naina |
| Raat Bhar Chand Jwala
|Moonlight Whispers (Album) |
= Language: Kannada =
| class="wikitable" |
| Song
!Movie !Composer !Singer |
|---|
| Kaalavannu Thadeyoru
|Kittu Puttu (1977) / Apthamitra (2004) |Rajan-Nagendra (1977) / Gurukiran (2004) |K J Yesudas, S Janaki (1977) / Hariharan, Gurukiran (2008) |
See also
{{Portal|India|Music}}
Notes
{{notelist|30em}}
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- {{cite book |last1=Bor |first1=Joep |last2=Rao |first2=Suvarnalata |title=The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas |date=1999 |publisher=Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music |isbn=978-0-9543976-0-9 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCnoMgEACAAJ}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514235610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514234610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html SRA on Ragas and Thaats]
- [http://www.parrikar.org/vault/ Rajan Parrikar on Ragas]
- [http://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/bageshree/ Rajan Parrikar on Bageshree]
- [http://chandrakantha.com/raga_raag/film_song_raga/bageshri.shtml Film Songs in Rag Bageshree]
- [https://oceanofragas.com/ocean_HtmlPages/Bageshree.html More details about raga Bageshree]
{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}