Baloch people in Sindh

The Talpurs were a Sindhi-speaking Baluch tribe,{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=u4tlEAAAQBAJ&dq=talpurs+sindhi&pg=PA28 |title=Paradoxes of Pakistan: A Glimpse |page=28 |quote= ..A very exacting Nawab provoked a revolt led by the Talpurs, Sindhi speaking Balochi people backed by the Mughals and the Persians. The Talpurs won the battle of Halani..|author= Belkacem Belmekki, Michel Naumann

|date=2022 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9783838216034 }} and were descendants of Mir Sulaiman Kako Talpur, who had arrived in Sindh from Choti Bala in southern Punjab.{{cite book |page=71 |title=Journal of Asian Civilisations:Volume 30, Issue 2 |quote=The father of Mir Manik Khan Talpur , Mir Suleman Khan Talpur alias Kako Khan migrated from Choti Bala in Punjab|date=2007 |publisher=Taxila Institute of Asian Civilisations }}

They were Shia Muslims by faith.{{cn|date=July 2023}} They ruled from 1783 until 1843, when they were defeated by the British at the Battle of Miani and Battle of Dubbo. The northern Khairpur branch of the Talpur dynasty however, continued to maintain a degree of sovereignty during British rule as the princely state of Khairpur.{{Cite web|title=Historical Background of Talpur Mirs of Sindh|url=https://talpur.org/royaltalpurs/historical-background-of-talpur-dynasty/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=The Royal Talpurs and the Heritage of Sindh|language=en-US}}

Its ruler joined the new Dominion of Pakistan in October 1947 as an autonomous region in Pakistan.

The Baloch holds a significant place in the history of Sindh. The Talpurs, originally a Baloch tribe, ruled Sindh from 1783 to 1843. A significant population in sindh have Baloch root about 4 million.{{cite book |last=Al Nahyan, Hussain, Ghafoor |first= Mansoor Bin Tahnoon, Jamal, Asad ul |title=Tribes of Pakistan |publisher= Cambridge Scholars Publishing |date=2019 |page=112|url=https://www.google.de/books/edition/Tribes_of_Pakistan/IICXDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|language=en|isbn=9781527534391}}{{cite book |last= John |first=Wilson |year=2009 |title=PakistanThe Struggle Within|publisher= Pearson Longman |page=28 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pakistan/XfI-hEI8a9wC?hl=en&gbpv=0|isbn=9788131725047}}

It is believed that the Balochs migrated from Balochistan during the Little Ice Age.{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/688234/from-zardaris-to-makranis-how-the-baloch-came-to-sindh/|title=From Zardaris to Makranis: How the Baloch came to Sindh|access-date=4 November 2017|date=28 March 2014|newspaper=The Express Tribune|author= Mahim Maher

}} The Little Ice Age is conventionally defined as a period extending from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries,{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, Volume 1, The Earth System: Physical and Chemical Dimensions of Global Environmental Change|year=2003|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|url=http://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/shared/articles/littleiceage.pdf|author=Mann, Michael|editor=Michael C MacCracken and John S Perry|access-date=17 November 2012|chapter=Little Ice Age|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124223238/http://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/shared/articles/littleiceage.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2013|url-status=dead}}{{cite book|chapter = The cold Little Ice Age climate of about 1550 to 1800|author=Lamb, HH|title=Climate: present, past and future|publisher= Methuen|location=London|year=1972|page=107|isbn=0-416-11530-6}} (noted in Grove 2004:4).{{Cite journal|title=Earth observatory Glossary L-N|publisher=NASA|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Glossary/?mode=alpha&seg=l&segend=n|place=NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Green Belt MD|access-date=17 July 2015}}. or alternatively, from about 1300Miller et al. 2012. "Abrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanism and sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks" Geophysical Research Letters 39, 31 January: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120202002252/http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/pip/2011GL050168.shtml abstract (formerly on AGU website)] (accessed via wayback machine 11 July 2015); see [http://news.agu.org/press-release/unusual-volcanic-episode-rapidly-triggered-little-ice-age-researchers-find/ press release on AGU website] (accessed 11 July 2015). to about 1850.Grove, J.M., Little Ice Ages: Ancient and Modern, Routledge, London (2 volumes) 2004.Matthews, J.A. and Briffa, K.R., [https://www.lakeheadu.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/53/outlines/2014-15/NECU5311/MatthewsBriffa_2005_GA_LIAconcept.pdf "The 'Little Ice Age': re-evaluation of an evolving concept"], Geogr. Ann., 87, A (1), pp. 17–36 (2005). Retrieved 17 July 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch1s1-4-3.html|title=1.4.3 Solar Variability and the Total Solar Irradiance - AR4 WGI Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science|publisher=Ipcc.ch|access-date=24 June 2013}} Although climatologists and historians working with local records no longer expect to agree on either the start or end dates of this period, which varied according to local conditions.

According to Dr Akhtar Baloch of the University of Karachi, the climate of Balochistan was very cold and the region was uninhabitable during the winter so the Baloch people migrated in waves and settled in Sindh and Punjab.{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/688234/from-zardaris-to-makranis-how-the-baloch-came-to-sindh|title=From Zardaris to Makranis: How the Baloch came to Sindh|date=March 27, 2014|website=The Express Tribune}}

Balochs of Sindh mostly migrated from Balochistan to Sindh from 16th to 19th century. Majority of Balochs in Sindh historically speak Siraiki as their mother tongue, that was the reason that in old times "Balochki" term was used interchangeably for Siraiki dialect by Sindhis.{{Cite book |last=Wagha |first=Ahsan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IOljAAAAMAAJ |title=The Siraiki Language: Its Growth and Development |date=1990 |publisher=Dderawar Publications |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Hussain Ahmad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nV71AwAAQBAJ&q=balochki |title=Re-Thinking Punjab: The Construction of Siraiki Identity |date=2004-08-01 |publisher=Research and Publication Centre, National College of Arts, Lahore |isbn=978-969-8623-09-8 |pages=87 |language=en |quote=In the 1960s, some writers and intellectuals from southern Punjab convened a meeting and decided to discard home-sprung names like Multani, Muzaffargarhi, Uchi, Riasti, Derewali, Hindko, Jaghadali, Thalchari, Lahnda, Jatki, and Balochki often used for the local languages and replace them with a single word "Siraiki".}}

At the time of the 1981 census, the ethnic Baloch population was estimated by Selig Harrison to number 4 million out of Sindh's total population of 18 million, many if not most of these Baloch having assimilated, thus not speaking Balochi anymore but Sindhi.{{Cite book |last=Harrison |first=Selig |title=Pakistan: the struggle within |date=2009 |publisher=Pearson Longman |isbn=978-81-317-2504-7 |editor-last=John |editor-first=Wilson |edition=1. impr |location=Delhi |publication-date=2009 |pages=28 |chapter=Ethnic Conflict and the Future of Pakistan}}

• Baloch people in Punjab
• Baloch people in India

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Baloch diaspora}}

Category:Baloch tribes

Category:Sindhi tribes

Sindh