Banggai language

{{short description|Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Banggai

|nativename=

|state=Indonesia

|region=Sulawesi

|speakers={{sigfig|88,300|2}}

|date=2010 census

|ref=e27

|familycolor=Austronesian

|fam2=Malayo-Polynesian

|fam3=Celebic

|fam4=Saluan–Banggai

|fam5=Eastern

|iso3=bgz

|glotto=bang1368

|glottorefname=Banggai

}}

The Banggai language is the main language spoken by the inhabitants of the Banggai Archipelago off the island of Sulawesi. It belongs to the Saluan–Banggai branch of the Celebic subgroup.

Historically, Banggai was a spoken language without a long literary history. The earliest surviving manuscript in the Banggai language comes from the 19th century, the account of a Banggai fisherman who was sold into slavery by Maguindanaoan raiders in the 1860s-70s before escaping.Velthoen, Esther Joy. "Contested Coastlines: Diasporas, Trade, and Colonial Expansion in Eastern Sulawesi, 1680-1905." pg. 212. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Australia: Murdoch University. Available online also at: https://www.oxis.org/theses/velthoen-2002.pdf [accessed in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia: August 10, 2018] (2002).

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Dental/
Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

rowspan="4" |Plosive

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|

|{{IPA link|k}}

|{{IPA link|ʔ}}

voiced

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|

|{{IPA link|ɡ}}

|

prenasal vl.

|{{IPA link|ᵐp}}

|{{IPA link|ⁿt}}

|

|{{IPA link|ᵑk}}

|

prenasal vd.

|{{IPA link|ᵐb}}

|{{IPA link|ⁿd}}

|

|{{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}

|

colspan="2" |Fricative

|

|{{IPA link|s}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|h}}

colspan="2" |Rhotic

|

|{{IPA link|r}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Lateral

|

|{{IPA link|l}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPA link|w}}

|

|{{IPA link|j}}

|

|

  • /s/ may also be heard as prenasal [ⁿs] when after nasal sounds.
  • Other sounds like [tʃ, dʒ, ɲ] are heard in loanwords from neighboring languages.

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

|{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}

|

|{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}

Mid

|{{IPA link|e}} {{IPA link|eː}}

|

|{{IPA link|o}} {{IPA link|oː}}

Open

|

|{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}

|

  • Vowels /e, o/ can also be heard as [ɛ, ɔ] in closed syllables.{{Cite book |last=van den Bergh |first=J. D. |title=Spraakkunst van het Banggais |publisher=The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff |year=1953}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

{{Incubator|code=bgz}}

  • {{Cite book |title=Atlas of the World's Languages |publisher=Routelege |year=1994 |editor-last=Moseley |editor-first=Christopher |location=New York |page=122 |editor-last2=Asher |editor-first2=E. R.}}

{{Celebic languages}}

{{Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages}}

{{Languages of Indonesia}}

Category:Saluan–Banggai languages

Category:Languages of Sulawesi

{{celebic-lang-stub}}