Banwen

The name Banwen derives from Ban (meaning "height" or "summit") and Wen (meaning "blessed" or "white"). The name occurs frequently throughout the area, (as the name of a class of fields in Brynlloi, an open common Brynamman and a farm Cwmgrenig) suggesting an ancient continuity.

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| caption = Map of the area around Banwen, South Wales, showing the Roman roads and earthworks close to the border between Neath Port Talbot and Powys.{{cite book|title=Glamorgan Inventory, Vol 1, Part 2: The Iron Age and Roman Occupation| year=1976| author=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales | url=https://shop.rcahmw.gov.uk/products/glamorgan-inventory-vol-1-part-2-the-iron-age-and-roman-occupation-ebook?variant=29576736997441| page=100}}

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Although coal would dominate the local area in later years, the ancient era saw significant copper, iron and tin extraction around the Banwen area. Following the Roman invasion of Wales, a road was constructed from Nidum (the fort at Neath) to Brecon in the 70s AD. As part of the construction, two fortified structures were built where the road made a shift in direction, just north of Banwen. The Neath-Brecon Roman road (designated RR622 by RCAHMW{{cite report|title=Roman roads in Southeast Wales|first1=Andy |last1=Sherman |first2=Edith|last2= Evans| year=2004| series=GGAT report no. 2004/073 |publisher=Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust/ Cadw| pages= 45–47| url=http://www.ggat.org.uk/cadw/cadw_reports/pdfs/GGAT%2075%20Yr3%20Roads%20final.pdf}}) is one of various Roman roads in Wales traditionally known as the Sarn Helen. The earliest structure beside the road was the large banked enclosure of a Roman marching camp, built around 74 AD as a temporary military camp.{{watprn|Cadw|1011|title=Roman Marching Camp South East of Coelbren Fort}}

Two-hundred metres north-west of the camp, a smaller, square fort was built, with earth ramparts and timber construction throughout.{{watprn|Cadw|2874|title=Coelbren Fort}} It was positioned such that the road to Neath exited through the southern gateway, and that to Brecon left through the eastern gate. Air photographs indicate the possibility that roads also left through the other two gates.{{cite book|title=Glamorgan Inventory, Vol 1, Part 2: The Iron Age and Roman Occupation| year=1976| author=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales | url=https://shop.rcahmw.gov.uk/products/glamorgan-inventory-vol-1-part-2-the-iron-age-and-roman-occupation-ebook?variant=29576736997441| page=84}} This was in use as a fort of the Roman Auxiliary Army for around 70 years, providing defensible accommodation some {{convert|18|km|miles}} from Nidum (Neath). It is not known what name the Romans gave the fort, however upon excavating the earthworks in 1904-5, Col. W.Ll. Morgan R.E. named it 'Coelbren Fort' after Coelbren, Powys, {{convert|1.25|km|miles}} to the north-west.{{cite journal|author=Colonel W. Ll. Morgan, R.E.|year= 1907| title= Report on the Excavations at Coelbren | journal=Archaeologia Cambrensis |volume=7 | series = (6th series)| pages= 129–174| url=https://journals.library.wales/view/4718179/4721321/158#?xywh=-335%2C590%2C2639%2C1741}}{{watprn|GGAT|00526w|title=Coelbren Roman Fort}} Both the Marching Camp and Fort are scheduled monuments, as is the stretch of Roman road running east from the fort,{{watprn|Cadw|1733|title=Section of Road NE of Coelbren Fort}} giving them legal protection against disturbance.

The village is notable for the tradition that it was the birthplace of Saint Patrick. This is supported by the writings most widely attributed to him, The Confession of St, Patrick, in which the saint gives his birthplace as Banavem Taburniae or Banna Venta Berniae on the west coast of Britain.{{cite journal|last1=Turner|first1=J.H.|title=X.—An Inquiry as to the Birthplace of St. Patrick|journal=Archaeologia Scotica: Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|date=8 January 1872|volume=5|page=268|url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/arch_scot_vol_005/05_261_284.pdf|access-date=12 April 2017|archive-date=14 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314051408/http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/archivedownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/arch_scot_vol_005/05_261_284.pdf|url-status=dead}} Both names are possible Latin cognates for the Celtic name Banwen.

Eoin MacNeill argued that this was more likely than other purported birth places in Northern Britannia, as "The western coasts of southern Scotland and northern England held little to interest a (Irish) raider seeking quick access to booty and numerous slaves, while the southern coast of Wales offered both. In addition, the region was home to Uí Liatháin and possibly also Déisi settlers during this time". MacNeill also stated the etymology of the village made it the prime contender, but acknowledged the possibility of a transcription error.{{cite web|last1=Ballinger|first1=Lucy|title=Was St Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, a Welshman?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-31912199|website=BBC News}} Banwen was also stated to be Patrick's probable place of birth in Life of St. Patrick and His Place in History by Professor J. B. Bury.

The tradition is often given with another tradition that Patrick studied at Llantwit Major before the eponymous St Illtud established his college. An annual service is held on the Saint's day at the Maen Padrig Sant (St Patrick's Stone), a memorial stone raised in 2004 alongside the Sarn Helen.

Banwen is home to rugby union club Banwen RFC formed in 1947.

Stages of the Wales Rally GB are held at Walters Arena.

The Banwen Miners Hunt was founded in the village in 1962 following the demise of the West Glamorgan hunt.[http://www.banwenminershunt.co.uk/index_files/History.htm Banwen Miners Hunt] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917031822/http://www.banwenminershunt.co.uk/index_files/History.htm |date=September 17, 2010 }} In the early days of the Hunt, the Duchess of Beaufort rode amongst the Banwen Miners.The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. John Davies, Nigel Jenkins, Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (2008) pg631 {{ISBN|978-0-7083-1953-6}}

Roman Road in Banwen is featured prominently as a location in The Strike, filmed in 1987 for the Channel 4 series The Comic Strip Presents... and broadcast in January 1988.

In 2014 the film Pride was set and filmed in Banwen and neighbouring Onllwyn.

On 30 August 2020, Banwen was in the news after reports of an illegal rave which attracted 3,000 people took place during the COVID-19 pandemic.{{cite news |title=South Wales Police: Banwen rave organisers fined £10,000 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-53964322 |accessdate=1 September 2020 |work=BBC News |date=30 August 2020}}

• [http://www.cwmdulais.org.uk/ Cwmdulais Historical Society]
• [https://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=2764145 www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Banwen and surrounding area]

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Category:Villages in Neath Port Talbot

Category:Dulais Valley

Category:Roman fortifications in Neath Port Talbot