Barbalha
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Barbalha
| native_name = Município de Barbalha
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Municipality
| image_skyline = Barbalha.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Aerial view of Barbalha
| image_flag = Bandeira de Barbalha - Ceará.JPG
| flag_alt =
| image_seal = Brasão de Armas de Barbalha.png
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| etymology =
| nickname =
| motto = Lutemos com as armas da luz
| image_map = Ceara Municip Barbalha.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Barbalha in Ceará
| pushpin_map = Brazil
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Barbalha in Brazil
| coordinates = {{coord|7|18|18|S|39|18|7|W|display = inline,title|region:BR}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_name1 = Northeast
| subdivision_name2 = Image:Bandeira do Ceará.svg Ceará
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1846
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Argemiro Sampaio Neto (PSDB, 2017–2020)
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_note =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank2_title =
| area_total_km2 = 569.5
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_rural_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank2_km2 =
| length_km =
| width_km =
| dimensions_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 414
| population_as_of = 2020 [https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/ce/barbalha/panorama IBGE 2020]
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 61,228
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_demonym = Barbalhense
| timezone1 = BRT
| utc_offset1 = −3
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| website = {{URL|http://barbalha.ce.gov.br/}}
| footnotes =
| seal_size = 90px
}}
Barbalha is a municipality in the state of Ceará in the Northeast region of Brazil. Barbalha covers {{convert|569.5|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, and has a population of 61,228 with a population density of 100 inhabitants per square kilometer. It is located at the south of the state, {{convert|575|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the state capital of Fortaleza. The eastern part of the Araripe-Apodi National Forest, established in 1946, is located in Barbalha. The city sits at the foot of the Chapada do Araripe, a large plateau on the border of Ceará and Pernambuco.
The municipality of Barbalha is located in the microregion of the Vale do Cariri, in the south of the state of Ceará. It is bordered by the municipalities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte, Porteiras, Jardim, and Missão Velha.
In the Portuguese colonial period the larger region of southern Ceará belonged to Francisco Magalhães Barreto (1816-1887), a sugarcane landowner. The small settlement of Barbalha was elevated to parish (freguesia) status by Provincial Law No. 91 of August 30, 1838. On August 7, 1846, by Provincial Law no. 374, it was raised to village status and a judiciary seat was created there. Barbalha was then detached from the municipality of Crato. Barbalha was elevated to municipality status by Provincial Law no. 9740 on August 30, 1876.
Barbalha is associated with significant events of history in Ceará in the 19th century. Residents of the town participated in the Pernambucan Revolt of 1817 and in the Confederation of the Equator, a short-lived rebellion that occurred in the Northeastern region of Brazil in 1824.
An important festival in Barbalha is the Festa do Pau-da-Bandeira de Santo Antonio (Feast of the Flagpole of Saint Anthony) in June. The municipality produces famous rapadura (panela) (unrefined whole cane sugar) and cassava flour. Other industries in the town produce marble, bricks, tiles, and Portland cement.
Former Town Hall
The former town hall of Barbalha (Casa de Câmara e Cadeia) was built during the great drought of 1877. Construction of the building was approved to create work for unemployed farmers. The square at the town hall is the location of Festa do Pau-da-Bandeira de Santo Antonio. The building, according to town residents, was renovated at the beginning of the 1930s. The town hall became a protected structure of the State of Ceará on March 3, 1995.
Climate
Barbalha experiences a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw) with hot temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons.
The city experiences a wet season from January to April. The dry season extends from June to November.
Araguaína has hot conditions throughout the year. October and November are the hottest months, with average highs around {{convert|35|C|abbr=on}}.
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Barbalha (1991–2020)
| Jan high C = 32.7
| Feb high C = 31.6
| Mar high C = 31.3
| Apr high C = 31.3
| May high C = 31.3
| Jun high C = 30.9
| Jul high C = 31.1
| Aug high C = 32.7
| Sep high C = 34.4
| Oct high C = 35.3
| Nov high C = 35.1
| Dec high C = 34.4
| year high C = 32.7
| Jan mean C = 26.2
| Feb mean C = 25.6
| Mar mean C = 25.4
| Apr mean C = 25.2
| May mean C = 25.0
| Jun mean C = 24.7
| Jul mean C = 24.6
| Aug mean C = 25.5
| Sep mean C = 26.8
| Oct mean C = 27.8
| Nov mean C = 27.8
| Dec mean C = 27.3
| year mean C = 26.0
| Jan low C = 21.8
| Feb low C = 21.6
| Mar low C = 21.5
| Apr low C = 21.2
| May low C = 20.7
| Jun low C = 19.9
| Jul low C = 19.6
| Aug low C = 19.5
| Sep low C = 20.3
| Oct low C = 21.6
| Nov low C = 22.2
| Dec low C = 22.2
| year low C = 21.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 180.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 197.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 251.7
| Apr precipitation mm = 151.0
| May precipitation mm = 69.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 18.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 13.9
| Aug precipitation mm = 2.4
| Sep precipitation mm = 4.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 20.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 36.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 76.3
| year precipitation mm = 1022.3
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 10.1
| Feb precipitation days = 11.8
| Mar precipitation days = 13.8
| Apr precipitation days = 9.6
| May precipitation days = 5.4
| Jun precipitation days = 1.9
| Jul precipitation days = 1.6
| Aug precipitation days = 0.6
| Sep precipitation days = 0.7
| Oct precipitation days = 1.7
| Nov precipitation days = 3.6
| Dec precipitation days = 5.1
| year precipitation days = 65.9
| Jan humidity = 72.5
| Feb humidity = 80.0
| Mar humidity = 81.8
| Apr humidity = 81.1
| May humidity = 76.2
| Jun humidity = 70.2
| Jul humidity = 63.8
| Aug humidity = 57.8
| Sep humidity = 54.0
| Oct humidity = 53.3
| Nov humidity = 59.3
| Dec humidity = 63.1
| year humidity = 67.8
| Jan dew point C = 21.1
| Feb dew point C = 21.9
| Mar dew point C = 22.3
| Apr dew point C = 22.1
| May dew point C = 21.1
| Jun dew point C = 19.3
| Jul dew point C = 18.0
| Aug dew point C = 17.4
| Sep dew point C = 17.5
| Oct dew point C = 18.3
| Nov dew point C = 19.6
| Dec dew point C = 20.0
| year dew point C = 19.9
| Jan sun = 214.7
| Feb sun = 193.3
| Mar sun = 214.0
| Apr sun = 227.4
| May sun = 230.8
| Jun sun = 235.4
| Jul sun = 248.9
| Aug sun = 284.3
| Sep sun = 285.1
| Oct sun = 290.5
| Nov sun = 261.3
| Dec sun = 252.6
| year sun = 2938.3
| source 1 = NOAA{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Brazil/CSV/BARBALHA_82784.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Barbalha
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 29, 2024}}
}}
Notable people
- Hermes Carleial (1904–1954), Brazilian poet, lawyer, accountant and writer