Barcelos, Amazonas
{{Short description|Municipality of Amazonas, Brazil}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Barcelos
| settlement_type = Municipality
| official_name = Municipality of Barcelos
| nickname = "Capital do peixe ornamental" ("Capital of the ornamental fish") Cidade menina ("Girl City")
| motto =
| image_skyline = Barcelos Amazonas.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = A view of the city
| image_flag = Flag of Barcelos (Amazonas).svg
| image_seal =
| image_map = Amazonas Municip Barcelos.jpg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location of Barcelos in the State of Amazonas
| pushpin_map = Brazil
| pushpin_map_size = 250
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Brazil
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_name1 = North
| subdivision_name2 = File:Bandeira do Amazonas.svg Amazonas
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = José Ribamar Beleza (MDB)
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = May 27, 1758
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 122,475.728
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_note = [https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/am/barcelos/panorama IBGE 2020]
| population_total = 27,638
| population_metro =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = 0.21
| population_density_sq_mi =
| timezone = AMT
| utc_offset = −4
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coordinates = {{coord|00|58|30|S|62|55|26|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| area_code = +55 92
| postal_code_type = Postal Code
| postal_code =
| website =
| blank_name = HDI (2000)
| blank_info = 0.593 – medium{{cite web|url=http://www.pnud.org.br/atlas/ranking/IDH-M%2091%2000%20Ranking%20decrescente%20(pelos%20dados%20de%202000).htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-12-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003103229/http://www.pnud.org.br/atlas/ranking/IDH-M%2091%2000%20Ranking%20decrescente%20%28pelos%20dados%20de%202000%29.htm |archivedate=2009-10-03 }} - UNDP
| footnotes =
}}
Barcelos (also Barcellos), formerly Mariuá, is a municipality located in the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil. Its population was 27,638 (2020) and its area is {{convert|122,476|km2|mi2}}.IBGE - {{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/default.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=August 3, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109005631/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/default.php |archivedate=January 9, 2007 }} It is the second largest municipality in Brazil (behind Altamira, Pará); equivalent in size to New York state in the United States and slightly larger than North Korea.
Since 1994, Barcelos has been the host of an annual festival celebrating ornamental fish,{{Cite web|url = http://www.tfhmagazine.com/details/articles/hope-along-the-rio-negro-part-1-the-view-from-manaus.htm|title = Hope Along the Rio Negro Part 1: The View from Manaus|date = March 2007|accessdate = 9 August 2015|website = Tropical Fish Magazine|publisher = |last = Carey|first = Randy}} which is a significant source of income for the region. Project Piaba uses Barcelos as the starting point for their annual research expedition into the Rio Negro area.{{Cite web|url = http://projectpiaba.org/what-we-do/brazilamazon/|title = Project Piaba|date = |accessdate = 9 August 2015|website = Project Piaba|publisher = |last = |first = }} The region is the biggest exporter of this particular fish in Brazil with over 19 million specimen exported into Europe, Asia and USA.{{Cite web |title=Visit the city of Barcelos in Amazonas Brazil {{!}} Brol.com |url=https://www.brol.com/visit-the-city-of-barcelos-in-amazonas-brazil/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |language=en-US}} Barcelos is known for Ecotourism.{{Cite web |title=Barcelos |url=https://www.amazonastur.am.gov.br/barcelos/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |language=pt-BR}}
History
File:Vila de Barcelos, Rio Negro.jpg
Barcelos was originally named Mariuá, village of the Manaus Indians. When the captaincy of São José do Rio Negro was formed in 1755, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado, Governor General of state of Grao Para e Maranhao chose the aldeia de São José do Javari, a village founded by Carmelite Friar Matias São Boaventuras in 1728 near the mouth of the Javari River, as its capital. It was the capital of the captaincy of São José do Rio Negro from 1755 to 1791, and again from 1799 to 1808.
Geography
The municipality area is 122,476 square kilometres (47,288 sq mi), making it the second largest municipality in Brazil (behind Altamira, Pará), equivalent in size to New York state in the United States and slightly larger than North Korea.
The municipality contains part of the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve.{{citation|ref={{harvid|RDS Amanã – ISA}}|language=Portuguese |title=RDS Amanã|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/337|accessdate=2016-05-05}}
It also contains part of the Amazonas National Forest.{{citation|language=Portuguese |title=Unidade de Conservação: Floresta Nacional do Amazonas|publisher=MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente |url=http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=114|accessdate=2016-05-19}}
It contains the {{convert|833352|ha}} Rio Unini Extractive Reserve, created in 2006.{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Rio Unini – ISA}}|language=Portuguese
|title=RESEX Rio Unini|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
|url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/5730|accessdate=2016-09-14}}
=Climate=
The climate reflects its vegetation being tropical rainforest or equatorial (Köppen: Af), like the rest of the Amazon Basin.{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=596698&cityname=Barcelos,+Amazonas,+Brazil&units=|title=Barcelos, Amazonas Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=2019-03-27}}
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Barcelos (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 32.7
|Feb high C = 32.6
|Mar high C = 32.2
|Apr high C = 31.8
|May high C = 31.3
|Jun high C = 31.6
|Jul high C = 31.9
|Aug high C = 32.8
|Sep high C = 33.4
|Oct high C = 33.6
|Nov high C = 33.3
|Dec high C = 33.0
| year high C = 32.5
|Jan mean C = 27.1
|Feb mean C = 27.0
|Mar mean C = 26.8
|Apr mean C = 26.5
|May mean C = 26.3
|Jun mean C = 26.2
|Jul mean C = 26.3
|Aug mean C = 26.8
|Sep mean C = 27.1
|Oct mean C = 27.3
|Nov mean C = 27.2
|Dec mean C = 27.3
| year mean C = 26.8
|Jan low C = 23.4
|Feb low C = 23.4
|Mar low C = 23.3
|Apr low C = 23.2
|May low C = 23.1
|Jun low C = 22.9
|Jul low C = 22.7
|Aug low C = 22.9
|Sep low C = 23.0
|Oct low C = 23.3
|Nov low C = 23.2
|Dec low C = 23.4
| year low C = 23.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 164.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 198.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 258.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 330.2
|May precipitation mm = 306.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 244.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 185.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 128.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 102.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 97.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 134.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 163.6
|year precipitation mm = 2312.4
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 14
| Feb precipitation days = 14
| Mar precipitation days = 16
| Apr precipitation days = 18
| May precipitation days = 21
| Jun precipitation days = 18
| Jul precipitation days = 16
| Aug precipitation days = 11
| Sep precipitation days = 10
| Oct precipitation days = 10
| Nov precipitation days = 11
| Dec precipitation days = 11
| year precipitation days = 170
| Jan humidity = 85.9
| Feb humidity = 85.4
| Mar humidity = 87.4
| Apr humidity = 88.8
| May humidity = 90.3
| Jun humidity = 89.1
| Jul humidity = 87.3
| Aug humidity = 85.6
| Sep humidity = 85.4
| Oct humidity = 85.3
| Nov humidity = 86.2
| Dec humidity = 85.3
| year humidity = 86.8
|Jan sun = 157.6
|Feb sun = 128.1
|Mar sun = 126.4
|Apr sun = 116.9
|May sun = 125.2
|Jun sun = 133.1
|Jul sun = 168.2
|Aug sun = 180.7
|Sep sun = 170.1
|Oct sun = 164.2
|Nov sun = 153.9
|Dec sun = 155.8
|year sun = 1780.2
|source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (sun 1981–2010)
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043914/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMAX.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMAX.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Máxima Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043931/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMEDSECA.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMEDSECA.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Média Compensada Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044001/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMIN.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMIN.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Mínima Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043703/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PREC.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PREC.xlsx
| title = Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044003/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PRENDIAS1.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PRENDIAS1.xlsx
| title = Número de dias no mês ou no ano com precipitação maior ou igual a (1 mm) (dias)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043838/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-UR.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-UR.xlsx
| title = Umidade Relativa do Ar Compensada Mensal e Anual (%)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043829/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-INSO.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-INSO.xlsx
| title =Insolação Total (horas)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}{{cite web
| url = http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas
| title = Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = Portuguese
| accessdate = 25 October 2018}}
}}
Transportation
The city is served by Barcelos Airport with scheduled services to Manaus.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Municipalities of Amazonas}}
{{Authority control}}