Bardia
{{short description|Mediterranean port town in Libya}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Bardia
| other_name =
| native_name = البردية
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| motto =
| image_skyline = Bardia port4.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = The Port of Bardia
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| pushpin_map = Libya
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Libya
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Libya
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = Cyrenaica
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Butnan
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| population_as_of = 2004
| population_footnotes = {{citation needed|date=March 2024}}
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| population_total = 9149
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| timezone = EET
| utc_offset = +2
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| coordinates = {{coord|31|45|36|N|25|04|30|E|region:LY_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = {{citation needed|date=March 2024}}
| elevation_m = 26
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Bardia,{{GEOnet2|32FA880745A43774E0440003BA962ED3|Bardīyah (Approved))}}, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency also El Burdi or Bardiyah{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Columbia Encyclopedia |title=Bardiyah |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bardiyah |access-date=2 June 2023 |language=en |edition=6th |date=26 May 2023 |publisher=Columbia University Press |via=Encyclopedia.com }} ({{langx|ar|البردية|lit=|translit=al-Bardiyya}} or {{Langx|ar|البردي|translit=al-Burdiyy|lit=}}) is a Mediterranean seaport in the Butnan District of eastern Libya, located near the border with Egypt. It is also occasionally called Bórdi Slemán.{{GEOnet2|32FA880745A73774E0440003BA962ED3|Bórdi Slemán (Variant)}}, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
The correct pronunciation of the name is "Bardai" (or "Burdai"), which translates to "the marked one" or "the one with the distinctive mark" in Tabu language. This name is closely linked to the ancient history of the Tabu (Goran) people, who have inhabited the region, with a history that predates the arrival of other groups and invasions, as evidenced by their historical ties that precede the influence of external forces on the Mediterranean coastlines of North Africa as well as the Tabu named an oasis in the Tibesti region of Chad after this town, known as Bardai. The Tabu are an ancient and autochthonous people of Libya and the surrounding countries.
History
In Roman times the town was known as Petras Maior.Stern, Robert Cecil (2007) The hunter hunted: submarine versus submarine : encounters from World War I Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PloSkc5rsZ0C&pg=PA205 note 15 of Chapter 13, page 205, from page 94], {{ISBN|978-1-59114-379-6}}
During World War I, German U-boats made several landings in the port of Bardia in support of the Senussi order during the Senussi Campaign.Hans Werner Neulen: Feldgrau in Jerusalem. 2. Aufl., Universitas, München 2002, S. 100 ff., {{ISBN|3-8004-1437-6}}.
During World War II, it was the site of a major Italian fortification, invested by the XXIII Corps under the command of General Annibale Bergonzoli.Collier, Richard (1977) The War in the Desert Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, p. 29, {{ISBN|0-7835-5721-3}} and Time-Life Books (1990) Afrikakorps Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, p. 15, {{ISBN|0-8094-6983-9}} On 21 June 1940, the town was bombarded by the 7th Cruiser Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet. The bombardment force consisted of the {{Ship|French battleship|Lorraine||6}}, British cruisers {{HMS|Orion|85|6}} and {{HMS|Neptune|20|6}}, the Australian cruiser {{HMAS|Sydney|D48|6}}, and the destroyers HMS Dainty, Decoy, Hasty, and {{HMAS|Stuart|D00|6}}.{{cite web|title=HMAS Sydney Memorial: Lost with All Hands|url=http://www.sydneymemorial.com/history.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427084601/http://sydneymemorial.com/history.htm |archive-date=2015-04-27 }}{{cite book|first1=Jürgen|last1=Rohwer|author-link1=Jürgen Rohwer|first2= Gerhard |last2=Hümmelchen|year=2005|title=Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two| location=Annapolis, MD|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-1-59114-119-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fGQTAQAAIAAJ}}{{rp|29}} The bombardment caused minimal damage. The town was taken during Operation Compass by Commonwealth forces consisting mainly of the Australian 6th Division in fighting over 3–5 January 1941 at the Battle of Bardia.
The Axis later reoccupied the town and set up a prisoner of war camp there. On 2 January 1942, Bardia was re-taken by the South African 2nd Infantry Division, led by 1st Battalion, Royal Durban Light Infantry, supported by the New Zealand Divisional Cavalry Regiment{{cite web |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/units/event_222.asp |title=Battle of Bardia |work=Australian Military Units |publisher=Australian War Memorial |access-date=28 December 2014}} and also the South African 2nd Anti-Aircraft Brigade (Light Anti-Aircraft).Personal account of battle by Ron Myburgh's (as yet unpublished) memoirs. The South Africans lost approximately 160 men,{{cite web |author1=U.S. War Department, WWII |title=The British Capture of Bardia (December 1941 – January 1942): A Successful Infantry-Tank Attack |url=http://www.lonesentry.com/bardia_intel/ |website=Lone Sentry |publisher=Military Intelligence Service, Information Bulletin No. 21 |access-date=27 December 2014 |location=Washington, DC |page=MID 461 |date=25 July 1942}} and the operation freed about 1,150 Allied prisoners of war (including 650 New Zealanders) and took some 8,500 Axis prisoners (German and Italian).{{cite book|last1=Loughman|first1=R. J. M. |year=1963|chapter-url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2DiCa-c9.html |chapter=Chapter 9: The Capture of Bardia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213205940/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2DiCa-c9.html |archive-date=2012-02-13 |title=Divisional Cavalry|publisher=War History Branch, New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs|location=Wellington, New Zealand}}{{rp|149–168}}
Bardia again changed hands in June 1942, being re-occupied by Axis forces for a third time, but was abandoned without contest in November following the Allied victory at El Alamein.
Bardia is the location of the Bardia Mural, finished in 1942.Simmonds, Donald [http://www.don-simmonds.co.uk/ "Bardiyah (Bardia) Masterpiece"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119073552/http://www.don-simmonds.co.uk/ |date=2008-11-19 }}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
{{see also|List of South African Battle Honours#Bardia}}
- {{cite book|last1=Agar-Hamilton|first1=J. A. I. |first2=L. C. F. |last2=Turner|title=The Sidi Rezegh Battles, 1941|location=Cape Town|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1957}}
- {{cite book|last1=Stevens|first1=William George (Major General)|year=1962|title=Bardia to Enfidaville|publisher=War History Branch, New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs|location=Wellington, New Zealand|oclc=4377202|series=Official history of New Zealand in the Second World War, 1939-45|url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Bard.html}} - history of New Zealand troops in North Africa in World War II