Bardo National Museum attack

Since the removal from power of longtime President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in the 2011 Tunisian Revolution, the country has faced occasional attacks from Islamist militants, mainly in remote areas. Tourism has been important to the nation's economy since its transition to democracy.

The morning of the attack, the cruise ships {{ship||MSC Splendida}} and {{ship||Costa Fascinosa}} docked at the Port of La Goulette.{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Jim |url=http://www.cruiselawnews.com/2015/03/articles/terrorism-1/terrorists-kill-tourists-as-costa-fascinosa-and-msc-splendida-visit-tunis |title=Terrorists Kill Tourists as Costa Fascinosa and MSC Splendida Visit Tunis |work=cruiselawnews.com |date=18 March 2015 |access-date=15 January 2020}} Some of the passengers on board the ships had decided to go to the Bardo Museum.{{cite web |last=Squires |first=Nick |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tunisia/11479898/Tunisia-attack-tourists-taken-hostage-at-museum-near-Tunis-parliament-live.html |title=Tunisia attack: Briton missing after shooting, says cruise company - latest |work=The Telegraph |date=18 March 2015 |access-date=15 January 2020}} At the time of the attack, more than 200 tourists were present in the vicinity.{{cite web|url=http://lainfo.es/en/2015/03/18/eight-dead-after-attack-in-tunisia-bardo-museum|title=Eight dead after attack in Tunisia Bardo Museum|publisher=LaInfo.es|date=18 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140225/http://lainfo.es/en/2015/03/18/eight-dead-after-attack-in-tunisia-bardo-museum|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead}}

The attack began at around 12:30 p.m. At that time, security guards protecting the museum and the nearby Parliament building were absent on a coffee break.{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/news/world/more-world-stories/story/third-attacker-run-after-deadly-attack-bardo-museum-tunisia-pres|title=Third attacker on run after deadly attack on Bardo Museum: Tunisia president|work=The Straits Times|date=22 March 2015|access-date=22 March 2015}} The tourists were attacked as they were getting off a bus to enter the Bardo Museum compound. As scores of visitors ran toward the museum to avoid the shooting, the attackers pursued them and took them hostage inside.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tunisia-security-idUSKBN0ME18E20150318|title=Gunmen storm Tunisian museum, kill 17 foreign tourists|work=Reuters|date=18 March 2015|access-date=18 March 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/tunisia-parliament-attack-live-stream-militants-dead-victims-nationalities-identified-1851152|title=Tunisia Parliament Attack Live Stream: Militants Dead, Victims' Nationalities Identified, 20 Hostages In Serious Condition [PHOTOS]|date=18 March 2015|work=International Business Times|access-date=18 March 2015}} The siege lasted three hours,{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/18/eight-people-killed-in-attack-on-tunisia-bardo-museum|title=Tunis museum attack: 19 people killed after hostage drama at tourist site|author=Chris Stephen|work=The Guardian|date=18 March 2015 |access-date=18 March 2015}} ending when security forces breached the building and killed two of the attackers. One policeman was fatally shot during the rescue operation.{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/tunisia-bardo-museum-attack-hero-5359187|title=Tunisia Bardo Museum attack: Hero police dog killed in terror siege gets tearful ovation|work=Daily Mirror|date=18 March 2015|access-date=18 March 2015}}

Tunisian security forces escorted dozens of tourists up nearby steps and away from the danger, as armed agents pointed guns toward an adjacent building. Many tourists ran in panic to safety, including at least one couple carrying two children.{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/other/attack-on-tunisian-museum-leaves-21-dead-manhunt-for-gunmen/ar-BBilNWA|title=Gunmen kill at least 20 at museum in Tunisian capital|work=msn.com|access-date=18 March 2015}}

During the attack, members of Parliament were discussing counter-terrorist legislation when they were ordered to evacuate the building due to the sound of gunfire. They were later forced to lie down on the ground as security forces commenced the rescue operation of hostages.{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/18/africa/tunisia-parliament-evacuated|title=Tunisia museum attack kills at least 19; three suspects sought|work=CNN|date=18 March 2015|access-date=16 January 2016}}

According to analyst Rita Katz of the SITE Intelligence Group, holders of Twitter accounts associated with ISIL were overjoyed at the attack, urging Tunisians to "follow their brothers".{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/reports-shots-fired-near-major-tunisian-museum-120932301.html|title=Gunmen kill at least 20 at museum in Tunisian capital|date=18 March 2015|work=Yahoo News|access-date=18 March 2015}} The day following the attack, the Islamic State group issued a statement claiming responsibility for the incident and promising further attacks.{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/19/isis-tunisia-museum-attack_n_6902244.html|title=ISIS Claims Responsibility For Tunisia Museum Attack|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=19 March 2015}} Meanwhile, a Twitter account linked to the Islamic State published a photograph of one of the Italian victims; the image, showing Francesco Caldara, has a red cross drawn on it and the words: "Crusader Crushed."{{cite web|title=Vittima italiana come trofeo, l'Isis: "Schiacciato il crociato"|trans-title=Italian victim as trophy, ISIS: "Crusader Crushed"|url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/mondo/tunisi-isis-schicciato-crociato-e-pubblica-foto-vittima-1107060.html|website=ilgiornale.it|date=19 March 2015 |publisher=ilgiornale|access-date=16 January 2016}}

Anti-terrorism protests began in central Tunis after the attack, with crowds reportedly chanting, "Tunisia is free, terrorism out."{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/31938459|title=As it happened: Tunisia attack|work=bbc.com|date=18 March 2015 |access-date=18 March 2015}} On 24 March, nearly a week after the attack, the museum held a ceremonial reopening. Simultaneously, thousands of Tunisians and tourists staged a march in Tunis to show their solidarity with the slain victims.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tunisia-security-idUSKBN0MK1B020150324|title=Tunisia's Bardo museum in symbolic reopening and march after attacks|work=Reuters|date=24 March 2015|access-date=26 March 2015}}

On 29 March, tens of thousands of demonstrators, along with French President François Hollande, Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, and several other world leaders, marched in Tunis under the slogan The World Is Bardo (Le Monde est Bardo) to protest terrorism.{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/killed-tunisian-anti-terrorism-operations-29985343|title=Leading Suspect in Tunisia Museum Attack Killed|work=ABC News|date=29 March 2015|access-date=16 January 2016}}

When the attack ended, nineteen foreign tourists, including four Italians,{{cite web|url=http://www.corriere.it/esteri/15_marzo_19/tunisia-attentato-italiani-morti-452ec3ae-ce24-11e4-b573-56a67cdde4d3.shtml|title=Tunisia, attentato al Museo: sono quattro le vittime italiane|date=19 March 2015 |publisher=Corriere della Sera|language=it|access-date=29 September 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2015/03/18/news/tunisia_spari_in_parlamento-109844640/|title=Tunisi: terroristi sparano nel museo. Quattro italiani morti|date=18 March 2015 |publisher=La Repubblica|language=it|access-date=29 September 2015}} three French nationals,{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/frenchwoman-dies-injuries-tunisia-museum-attack-203509800.html|title=Frenchwoman dies of injuries from Tunisia museum attack|work=Yahoo! News|date=28 March 2015|access-date=29 March 2015}} three Japanese,Mina Pollman (20 March 2015) [https://thediplomat.com/2015/03/3-japanese-dead-in-tunisia-attack/ 3 Japanese Dead in Tunisia Attack] The Diplomat three Polish nationals,{{cite web|url=http://www.tvn24.pl/zamach-w-tunezji-nie-zyje-trzecia-osoba-z-polski,526156,s.html|title=Zamach w Tunezji: nie żyje trzecia osoba z Polski|publisher=TVN24|language=pl|access-date=20 March 2015}} two Spaniards,[http://www.elpuntavui.cat/noticia/article/3-politica/17-politica/833654-un-matrimoni-de-jubilats-catalans-entre-els-22-morts-a-latac-gihadista-a-tunis.html "Un matrimoni de jubilats catalans, entre els 22 morts a l'atac gihadista a Tunis"], El Punt Avui, 18 March 2015 (in Catalan) [consulted 2 May 2015][http://www.ara.cat/mon/Abatut-lorganitzador-Museu-Bardo-Tunis_0_1329467260.html "Abatut l'organitzador de l'atac al Museu del Bardo de Tunis en què van morir dos catalans. Milers de tunisians participen en una manifestació contra el terrorisme"], Diari Ara, 29 March 2015 (in Catalan) [consulted 2 May 2015] two Colombians (including one with dual Australian citizenship),[http://www.news.com.au/world/africa/gunmen-in-tunisia-shoot-dead-tourists-at-national-bardo-museum/story-fnh81gzi-1227268741752 Gunmen in Tunisia shoot dead tourists at National Bardo Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319042122/http://www.news.com.au/world/africa/gunmen-in-tunisia-shoot-dead-tourists-at-national-bardo-museum/story-fnh81gzi-1227268741752 |date=2015-03-19 }} News.com.au. 19 March 2015 one Russian,{{cite web|url=https://news.mail.ru/incident/21441746/?frommail=1|title=Жертвой теракта в Тунисе стала россиянка|work=Новости Mail.Ru|access-date=19 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103641/https://news.mail.ru/incident/21441746/?frommail=1|archive-date=2015-04-02|url-status=dead}} and one British national{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/19/briton-dead-tunisia-museum-attack-bardo |title=Briton among dead in Tunisia museum attack|first=Mark |last=Tran|work=The Guardian|date=19 March 2015|access-date=20 March 2015}} were found to have been killed.[http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2015/03/18/en-direct-suivez-la-situation-en-tunisie_1223143 L'attaque de Tunis, heure par heure, Libération] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808093640/http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2015/03/18/en-direct-suivez-la-situation-en-tunisie_1223143 |date=2015-08-08 }}, 18 March 2015.{{in lang|fr}} A Tunisian police officer and two perpetrators were also reported dead. On 28 March, an injured French woman, Huguette Dupeu, died of her wounds at a hospital.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32103205|title=Tunisia museum attack: Frenchwoman dies of injuries|work=BBC News|date=28 March 2015|access-date=16 January 2016}}

Over 50 other people were injured, many of them foreign tourists.{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/africa/gunmen-in-tunisia-shoot-dead-tourists-at-national-bardo-museum/story-fnh81gzi-1227268741752|title=Gunmen in Tunisia shoot dead tourists at National Bardo Museum|work=news.com.au|date=18 March 2015|access-date=16 January 2016|archive-date=19 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319042122/http://www.news.com.au/world/africa/gunmen-in-tunisia-shoot-dead-tourists-at-national-bardo-museum/story-fnh81gzi-1227268741752|url-status=dead}} MSC Crociere S.A. reported that nine of its passengers had been killed, and twelve were injured; six visitors, all from MSC Splendida, including two Spaniards, one Belgian, one British national, one French national and one Japanese were killed. The cruise company said that it would not schedule any further visits to the Port of La Goulette in 2015,{{cite web|url=http://www.msccroisieres.fr/fr_fr/A-propos-de-MSC-Croisieres/Nouvelles/Informations-Escale-Tunis.aspx|title=Informations à propos de l'escale de Tunis|publisher=msccroisieres.fr|language=fr|date=18 March 2015|access-date=16 January 2016}} choosing Malta as a replacement.{{cite news|title=Cruise ship reroutes to Malta after Tunis attack|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150321/local/cruise-ship-reroutes-to-malta-after-tunis-attack.560776|access-date=16 January 2016|work=Times of Malta|date=21 March 2015}}

File:Bardo Museum(95).jpg

Yassine Labidi and Saber Khachnaoui, both Tunisian citizens, were identified by Tunisian Prime Minister Habib Essid as the two slain gunmen a day after the attack.{{cite web|url=http://us.cnn.com/2015/03/19/africa/tunisia-museum-attack/index.html|title=Tunisia PM: One museum attack suspect was known to security services|date=18 March 2015|work=Yahoo News|access-date=16 January 2016}} Prior to the attack, Labidi lived in the Tunis neighborhood of Ibn Khaldoun, while Khachnaoui was from Kasserine.{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/tunisia-museum-attack-two-tunisian-born-gunmen-named-yassine-labidi-saber-khachnaoui-1492652|title=Tunisia museum attack: Two Tunisian-born gunmen named as Yassine Labidi and Saber Khachnaoui|date=18 March 2015|work=International Business Times|access-date=16 January 2016}} Labidi moved after the Jasmine Revolution to Sfax for work, and lived there until his death.{{cite news|title=Although Labidi had gone to the Tunisian city of Sfax to work|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/21/africa/tunisia-museum-attack/index.html|access-date=19 March 2015|work=CNN|date=19 March 2015}} He worked as a deliveryman for a local business prior to the attack.{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/tunisian-president-says-hunt-on-for-third-man-in-museum-attack/|title=Tunisian president says hunt on for third man in museum attack|work=FOX News|date=March 22, 2015|access-date=March 22, 2015}} While Labidi was known to intelligence services, neither of the two men had previously been positively linked to known Tunisian terrorist organisations.{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/death-toll-in-tunisia-tourist-massacre-rises-to-21-1426770597|title=Islamic State Claims Tunis Attack|work=Wall Street Journal|date=19 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015}}

An operation looking for up to three suspected accomplices was launched immediately following the attack. On the following day, nine people were arrested, four for direct links to the cell which carried out the shooting and five for having indirect links to it. Their roles in the attack have not yet been clarified.{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/tunisia-attack-9-people-arrested-over-national-bardo-museum-raid-killed-23-1852610|title=Tunisia Attack: 9 People Arrested Over National Bardo Museum Raid That Killed 23|work=International Business Times|date=March 19, 2015|access-date=March 19, 2015}} On 21 March, the number of people arrested reached over twenty, with ten accused of having direct links to the museum attack.{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-security-idUKKBN0MH0C820150321|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107205229/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-security-idUKKBN0MH0C820150321|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 7, 2016|title=Tunisia arrests more than 20 in crackdown since museum attack|work=Reuters|date=21 March 2015|access-date=22 March 2015}} On 26 March, authorities arrested twenty-three members of a terror cell linked to the attack.{{cn|date=June 2020}}

According to BBC security correspondent Frank Gardner, an al-Qaeda operative claimed the men had spent two months training with militants in Derna, Libya.{{cite news|title=Tunis Bardo museum: Nine suspects arrested for links to attack|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31960926|access-date=19 March 2015|work=BBC News|date=19 March 2015}} On 20 March, Tunisian Security Minister Rafik Chelly announced that Labidi and Khachnaoui had received weapons training in Libya from an unspecified group prior to carrying out the attack.{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/20/africa/tunisia-museum-attack/|title=2 Tunisia museum attack suspects got weapons training in Libya, official says|author=Faith Karimi |author2=Tim Lister |author3=Greg Botelho |name-list-style=amp |date=20 March 2015|work=CNN|access-date=20 March 2015}} According to authorities, they managed to slip past the border to Libya undetected in December.

On 28 March, Tunisian police killed Lokman Abu Sakhra, an Algerian suspected of planning the attack, along with eight other armed men during a raid in the southern Gafsa region. They were allegedly major members of the Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade, a splinter group of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Interior Ministry spokesman Mohamed Ali Aroui said, "[T]he nine were among the most dangerous terrorists in Tunisia." Sakhra was said to be the leader of the group. The Tunisian government said the Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade was responsible for the attack, despite claims of responsibility made by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32105232|title=Tunis Bardo Museum attack: Thousands join protest march|work=BBC News|date=29 March 2015|access-date=29 March 2015}}[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Mar-29/292514-tunisian-forces-kill-nine-militants-in-south-before-solidarity-march.ashx "Jihadi chief killed as thousands march in Tunisia", by Ines Bel Aiba, Agence France Presse, via The Daily Star]

On 20 May, 22-year-old Moroccan illegal immigrant Abdelmajid Touil was arrested in Italy on allegations that he aided the attackers.{{cite news|title=Tunisia Bardo museum attack: Man arrested in Italy|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32809851|access-date=21 May 2015|work=BBC News|date=20 May 2015}}

In December 2017 US Secretary of State Rex W. Tillerson named Wanas al-Faqih and two other men, as terrorists. On 4 January 2018, when the State Department listed al-Faqih on its list of globally designated terrorists they described him as having planned the Bardo Museum attack.

File:Bardo National Museum attack Memorial Mosaic 06.jpg

Tunisian President Beji Caid Essebsi announced via Facebook that he would address the nation later that day.{{cite news|title=UPDATE 1: 8 dead, hostages taken in Tunisia parliament, museum attack|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/125536/World/Region/BREAKING-Militants-attack-Tunisian-Parliament-Medi.aspx|access-date=18 March 2015|agency=Agence France-Presse|publisher=Ahram|date=18 March 2015}} In his address, he called the attack a "huge disaster" and called for Tunisia to prevent such an attack in the future, further saying that the country was in a "war against terrorism".{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-19/tunisia-museum-attack-australian-among-22-killed-reports/6330786|title=Tunisia attack: Australian among 19 people, including 17 tourists, killed in attack on Bardo Museum in Tunis|work=abc.net.au|date=18 March 2015|access-date=18 March 2015}} He also pledged for the quick passage of an anti-terrorism law.{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/third-attacker-run-deadly-museum-attack-tunisian-president-105754039.html|title=Third Tunisia museum suspect 'on the run'|agency=AFP|date=22 March 2015|access-date=22 March 2015}} Prime Minister Habib Essid issued a statement on the "cowardly" attack and called for unity, later chairing an emergency cabinet meeting. Essebsi also praised Akil, a one-and-a-half-year-old German Shepherd police dog who was killed in the raid, saying, "It's a victim we don't talk about but it's a heavy loss."{{cite news|title=Tunisia museum attack: Akil the German Shepherd, killed by gunmen, hailed a hero|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/tunisia-museum-attack-akil-the-german-shepherd-killed-by-gunmen-hailed-a-hero-1.3004389|access-date=22 March 2015|publisher=CBC|date=21 March 2015}} On the day following the attack, Essebsi ordered the deployment of Tunisian troops to the country's major cities as a security precaution.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/19/troops-tunisia-cities-first-arrests-museum-attack-bardo|title=Tunisian troops to guard cities in aftermath of deadly museum attack|work=The Guardian|date=19 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015}}

Australian Foreign Affairs Minister Julie Bishop called the incident a "terrorist attack on a fledgling democracy", and Prime Minister Tony Abbott sent his condolences to the family of an Australian killed in the attack. British Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond described the killings as a "cowardly terrorist attack", whilst Prime Minister David Cameron described the incident as "appalling and brutal".{{cite news|title=Tunis museum attack: Briton killed in shootings named as Sally Adey|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-31961338|access-date=20 March 2015|work=BBC News|date=19 March 2015}} Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos lamented the death of the two Colombians killed in the attack and expressed his solidarity with their families;{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/africa/violencia-en-tunez-dejo-ocho-muertes/15418975|title=Familia de general colombiano retirado, víctima de terrorismo en Túnez|trans-title=Family of Colombian general, victims of a terrorism attack in Tunisia|publisher=ElTiempo.com|date=18 March 2015|access-date=18 March 2015|language=es}} the foreign ministry added a statement. French Prime Minister Manuel Valls condemned the attack.{{cite news|last1=Gander|first1=Kashmira|title=Tunisia shooting: 11 dead including two gunmen at Bardo Museum|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/shots-fired-at-tunisian-parliament-10116173.html|access-date=18 March 2015|work=The Independent|date=18 March 2015}} Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi condemned the attack and emphasized that Italy is close to the Tunisian government.{{cite news|title=Tunisia: premier Renzi condanna attacco|trans-title=Tunisia: Prime Minister Renzi condemns attack|url=http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2015/03/18/tunisia-premier-renzi-condanna-attacco_7a138819-3fbc-46a2-be54-ffd0717be98b.html|access-date=18 March 2015|work=Ansa|date=18 March 2015|language=it}} President Sergio Mattarella condemned the attack as "a fact of unprecedented violence".{{cite web|url=http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/03/18/tunisia-mattarella-gesto-inaudita-violenza-italia-non-si-fara-intimorire/1518491/|title=Tunisi, Mattarella: "Un gesto di inaudita violenza, l'Italia non si farà intimorire" - Il Fatto Quotidiano|author=F. Q.|work=Il Fatto Quotidiano|date=18 March 2015 |access-date=19 March 2015}} The Japanese government condemned the attack as "despicable", while Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, in addition to his own condemnation, stated that Tokyo was working to collect further information. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain condemned the attack in a press release.{{cite web|url=http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/serviciosdeprensa/notasprensa/maec/Paginas/2015/180315tunez.aspx|title=España condena el atentado terrorista en Túnez|trans-title=Spain condemns the terrorist attack in Tunisia|publisher=Government of Spain|date=18 March 2015|access-date=18 March 2015|language=es}}

Condolences and outrage were expressed by other states, including the Holy See,{{cite web|url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2015/03/19/0199/00449.html|title=Il cordoglio del Santo Padre per le vittime dell'attentato terroristico a Tunisi|trans-title=Condolences of the Holy Father to the victims of the terror attack in Tunis|work=vatican.va|access-date=19 March 2015|language=it}} Mexico,{{cite news|title=Canciller México condena ataque en Túnez, del que salieron ilesos 8 mexicanos|trans-title=Mexican Chancellor condemns attack in Tunis, from which 8 Mexicans escaped unharmed|url=http://www.abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=1820029|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=ABC|date=18 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319131907/http://www.abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=1820029|archive-date=19 March 2015|language=es}} the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic,{{cite news|title=President of Republic offers condolences following Tunisia museum attack|url=http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/president-republic-offers-condolences-following-tunisia-museum-attack|publisher=Sahara Press Service|date=19 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322053816/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/president-republic-offers-condolences-following-tunisia-museum-attack|archive-date=2015-03-22|url-status=dead}} Singapore,{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/media_centre/press_room/pr/2015/201503/press_20150319.html|title=MFA Spokesman's Comments in response to media queries on the attack on the Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia on 18 March 2015|work=mfa.gov.sg|access-date=20 March 2015}} Syria,{{cite web|url=http://www.sana.sy/en/?p=32677|title=Syria strongly condemns terrorist attack against National Museum in Tunisia|publisher=SANA|date=19 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015}} Turkey,{{cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/diplomacy_turkey-condemns-bardo-museum-attack-in-tunisia_375795.html|title=Turkey condemns Bardo Museum attack in Tunisia|work=Today's Zaman|date=20 March 2015|access-date=20 March 2015|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044351/http://www.todayszaman.com/diplomacy_turkey-condemns-bardo-museum-attack-in-tunisia_375795.html|url-status=dead}} and the United States.{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/03/18/statement-press-secretary-attack-tunisia-s-national-bardo-museum|work=whitehouse.gov|title=Statement by the Press Secretary on the Attack at Tunisia's National Bardo Museum|date=18 March 2015 |via=National Archives|access-date=19 March 2015}}

File:Infinite Wave - 2019-03-18 - Andy Mabbett - 59.jpg

On 4 March 2019, a memorial to the British victim and those of the 2015 Sousse attacks, called Infinite Wave, was unveiled in Cannon Hill Park, Birmingham, England, by Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex.{{cite web |title=Harry unveils Tunisia attacks memorial |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-47417353 |publisher=BBC |access-date=4 March 2019 |date=4 March 2019}}{{cite web |title=Duke of Sussex unveils Sousse and Bardo Memorial |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/duke-of-sussex-unveils-sousse-and-bardo-memorial |publisher=United Kingdom Government |access-date=4 March 2019 |language=en}}

• List of terrorist incidents, 2015
• List of terrorist incidents in Tunisia

{{reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite news

| url = https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/01/state-department-designates-3-al-qaeda-figures-as-global-terrorists.php

| title = State Department designates 3 al Qaeda figures as global terrorists

| work = Long War Journal

| author1 = Thomas Josceyln

| author2 = Bill Roggio

| date = 2018-01-04

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210102094321/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/01/state-department-designates-3-al-qaeda-figures-as-global-terrorists.php

| archive-date = 2021-01-02

| access-date = 2021-01-02

| url-status = live

| quote = State listed the three al Qaeda figures as Wanas al-Faqih from al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), Abukar Ali Adan from Shabaab (al Qaeda’s branch in East Africa), and Muhammad Al Ghazali from al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). The three al Qaeda branches wage insurgencies in their respective regions while continuing to plot terrorist attacks elsewhere, including against Western interests.

}}

{{cite news

| url = https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Shabaab-deputy-chief-in-US-list-of-global-terrorists/4552908-4252364-format-sitemap-7em1wdz/index.html

| title = Al Shabaab deputy chief in US list of global terrorists

| work = The East African

| date = 2018-01-05

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210102095243/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Shabaab-deputy-chief-in-US-list-of-global-terrorists/4552908-4252364-format-sitemap-7em1wdz/index.html

| archive-date = 2021-01-02

| access-date = 2021-01-02

| url-status = live

| quote = Two other al-Qaeda leaders – Muhammad al-Ghazali (in Arabian Peninsula) and Wanas al-Faqih (in Islamic Maghreb) – were also added to terrorists' list. {{'}}Al-Ghazali is involved in internal security and training of the group’s operatives,{{'}} the US State Department said.

}}

{{cite press release

| url = https://www.state.gov/state-department-terrorist-designations-of-muhammad-al-ghazali-abukar-ali-adan-and-wanas-al-faqih/

| title = State Department Terrorist Designations of Muhammad al-Ghazali, Abukar Ali Adan, and Wanas al-Faqih

| work = US State Department

| date = 2018-01-04

| location = Washington DC

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201220035811/https://www.state.gov/state-department-terrorist-designations-of-muhammad-al-ghazali-abukar-ali-adan-and-wanas-al-faqih/

| archive-date = 2020-12-20

| access-date = 2021-01-02

| url-status = live

| quote = These designations impose strict sanctions on foreign persons determined to have committed, or pose a significant risk of committing, acts of terrorism that threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States. Among the consequences of these designations, all of their property and interests in property subject to U.S. jurisdiction are blocked, and U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in any transactions with them.

}}

{{cite web

| url = https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/01/09/2018-00195/designation-of-wanas-al-faqih-as-a-specially-designated-global-terrorist

| title = Designation of Wanas al-Faqih as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist

| work = Federal Register

| author = Rex W. Tillerson

| date = 2017-12-11

| location = Washington DC

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201118003721/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/01/09/2018-00195/designation-of-wanas-al-faqih-as-a-specially-designated-global-terrorist

| archive-date = 2020-11-18

| access-date = 2021-01-02

| url-status = live

| quote = Acting under the authority of and in accordance with section 1(b) of Executive Order 13224 of September 23, 2001, as amended by Executive Order 13268 of July 2, 2002, and Executive Order 13284 of January 23, 2003, I hereby determine that the person known as Wanas al-Faqih committed, or poses a significant risk of committing acts of terrorism that threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States.

}}

}}

• [http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=13465 Turmoil in Libya Strengthening Extremism in Tunisia]. Oxford University Professor Mohamed-Salah Omri "analyses the attacks in Tunis and why an estimated 3,000 young people have left Tunisia to join the IS." (19 March 2015)

{{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}

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