Barger-Compascuum
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Barger-Compascuum
| settlement_type = Village
| other_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image_skyline = Heilige Jozef, Barger-Compascuum.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Saint Joseph Church in Barger-Compascuum
| image_flag =
| image_shield =
| nickname =
| motto =
| pushpin_map = Netherlands Drenthe#Netherlands
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in province of Drenthe in the Netherlands
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Netherlands
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Drenthe
| subdivision_type2 = Municipality
| subdivision_name2 = Emmen
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_party =
| elevation_footnotes = {{cite web |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |title = Postcodetool for 7884NA |language = nl |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis |access-date = 10 March 2022 }}
| elevation_m = 17
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| area_total_km2 = 25.09
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1866
| population_footnotes = {{cite web |url=https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/_excel/2021/48/kwb-2021.xls |title=Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2021 |website=Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=11 March 2022}}
| population_total = 1,925
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| timezone = CET
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = CEST
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| area_code_type = Dialing code
| area_code = 0591
| coordinates = {{coord|52.7531|7.0402|region:NL|display=inline, title}}
| website = [https://www.barger-compascuum.com barger-compascuum.com]
}}
Barger-Compascuum is a village in the Dutch municipality of Emmen. It is in a peat-producing region of Drenthe. {{ill|Veenpark|nl}}, an open-air museum, is dedicated to the peat history of the region.
Borger-Compascuum is located in the Bourtange moor between Germany and the Netherlands. It was originally a compascuum (common pasture). In 1866, Barger-Compascuum was established, and the area was permanently inhabited.
Background
The Bourtange moor, a large raised bog, formed the border between the Netherlands and Germany. It was an inhospitable uninhabited area which was dissected by the {{ill|Runde River (Netherlands)|nl|Runde (Drenthe)|lt=Runde River}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.barger-compascuum.com/barger-compascuum/geschiedenis/ |title=Geschiedenis |website=Barger-compascuum |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=nl}} The shepherds from both Ober- and Niederlangen in Germany and Noord- and Zuidbarge in the Netherlands used the heath for their sheep.{{cite web|url=https://www.dodenakkers.nl/artikelen-overzicht/begraafplaatsen/drenthe/barger-compascuum.html |title=Barger-Compascuum |website=Dodenakkers |author=Leon Bok |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=nl}}
There was disagreement about the ownership, and a compascuum (common pasture) was agreed. The shepherds from both sides could use the land, but no permanent settlement was allowed. The compascuum did not solve the problem, and there were several large-scale fights between the Dutch and German farmers. In the 1824 Treaty of Meppen, the border was set, however the compascuum remained in effect until 1866 when permanent settlement was allowed in the moorland.
History
On 23 July 1866,{{cite web|url=https://fjmblom.home.xs4all.nl/collectie_broer_berens/compascuum/compascuum_notaris_heppener_0024.html |title=Compascuum: afschriften van aktes incl. plattegrond 1860-1866 notaris J. Heppener, Provinciale Drentsche en Asser Courant |website=Collection Broer Berens |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=nl}} the village of Barger-Compascuum was founded.{{cite web|url=https://etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/bargercompascuum |title=Barger-Compascuum - (geografische naam) |website=Etymologiebank |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=nl}} The first settlers were mainly farmers from Hannover who started to dig the canals, excavate the peat, and plant buckwheat.{{cite book|url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/sten009monu07_01/sten009monu07_01_0014.php |title=Barger-Compascuum |author=Ronald Stenvert |year=2001 |location=Zwolle |publisher=Waanders |isbn=90 400 9454 3 |language=nl |access-date=11 March 2022}} A linear settlement was built along the canals, and many people lived in sod houses. In 1872, a Catholic church was built, and a parish was established.{{cite web|url=https://www.geheugenvandrenthe.nl/barger-compascuum |title=Barger-Compascuum |website=Geheugen van Drenthe |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=nl}} Between 1923 and 1925, it was replaced with the current church. The systematic cultivation of the area started in the 1910s.
Sights
In 1966, {{ill|Veenpark|nl}}, an open-air museum dedicated to the peat history of the region, was opened. It contains a sod house village, a windmill and a clog factory.{{cite web|url=https://www.plaatsengids.nl/barger-compascuum |title=Barger-Compascuum |website=Plaatsengids |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=nl}}
In 1983, the smock mill De Berk was moved to Barger-Compascuum. The mill was originally located in {{ill|Drantum|de|Drantum (Emstek)}}.{{cite web|url=https://molendatabase.nl/nederland/molen.php?nummer=2 |title=De Berk |website=Molen database |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=nl}}
In 2001, a pump organ museum opened in the Veenpark, and contains a collection of 250 pump organs.{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514142023/http://www.harmonium-museum.nl/hmn/pages/geschiedenis-van-het-museum.php |url=http://www.harmonium-museum.nl/hmn/pages/geschiedenis-van-het-museum.php |archive-date=14 May 2018 |title=Harmonium Museum Nederland |website=Harmonium museum |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=nl}}
Notable people
- Ben Feringa (born 1951), synthetic organic chemist, 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry{{cite web|url=https://www.deverhalenvangroningen.nl/alle-verhalen/ben-feringa-trouwe-nobelprijswinnaar |title=Ben Feringa (1951): Trouwe Nobelprijswinnaar |author=Iris van den Brand |website=De Verhalen van Groningen |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=nl}}
- Albert Hermelink Gentiaras (1898–1983), clergyman and bishop of Tanjungkarang{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221258/http://www.erfgoeddenekamp.nl/details.asp?soort=multimedia&id=12&sort=auteur&bladeren=literatuur |url=http://www.erfgoeddenekamp.nl/details.asp?soort=multimedia&id=12&sort=auteur&bladeren=literatuur |archive-date=4 March 2016 |title=Bijzonder gezin Hermelink in Denekamp |website=Erfgoed Denekamp |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=nl}}
Gallery
File:Aardappelmeelfabriek, Veenmuseum Barger-compascuum (11607250905).jpg|Potato starch factory
File:De Klompwoning van Alfred J Kwak in het Veenpark.JPG|The clog house in Veenpark
File:Harmonium Museum Barger Compascuum - ingang 1 (cropped).JPG|Pump organ museum
File:Schapenhutten in de Maatschappij - Barger Compascuum - 20514062 - RCE.jpg|Children in the heath with sod houses
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline}}
- [https://www.barger-compascuum.com Official website] (in Dutch)
{{Emmen-town}}
{{Authority control}}