Basai Wetland

File:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9252.JPG

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Basai Wetland is located less than {{convert|40|km}} away from the national capital, New Delhi, about {{convert|2|km}} from Gurgaon city in Gurgaon district of Haryana State. It is {{convert|282|km}} from the state capital Chandigarh.{{cite web|url=http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Basai%20&district=Gurgaon |title=Basai Gurgaon PinCode |publisher=citypincode.in |access-date=2014-03-15}} It is located 8 km away from Sultanpur National Park in Haryana.

Basai wetland lies in one of the paleochannel of the Sahibi River, a tributary of Yamuna which originates from the Aravalli range in Rajasthan and flows through west and South Haryana into Delhi where it is also known as the Najafgarh drain. Basai wetland is one of the several wetlands that lie in series along the paleochannel and the current course of the Sahibi river, including the Masani barrage wetland, Matanhail forest, Chhuchhakwas-Godhari, Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Outfall Drain Number 6 (canalised portion in Haryana of Sahibii river), Outfall Drain Number 8 (canalised portion in Haryana of Dohan river which is a tributary of Sahibi river), Sarbashirpur, Sultanpur National Park, Basai wetland, Najafgarh lake and Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary, Ghata lake, Badshahpur lake, Khandsa lake and The Lost lake of Gurugram. All of these are home to endangered and migratory birds. Most of these largely remain unprotected. These are under extreme threat mainly from the colonisers and builders.

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The wetland is permanent shallow wetland covering an area of about 250 acres. It includes areas with open water, Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes, Typha reedbeds, fields of Paspalum grass, and adjoining fallow fields, seasonally cultivated lands, and some thorn scrub vegetation with Salicornia and Acacia. Crops such as rice, wheat, pearl-millet, sorghum, and mustard are cultivated seasonally in the agricultural land.{{Cite journal|last=Narain|first=Vishal|date=2010|title=Gone Land, Gone Water : Crossing Fluid Boundaries in Periurban Gurgaon and Faridabad, India|url=http://sawasjournal.org/files/templates/sawas/images/Vishal%20Narain.pdf|journal=South Asian Water Studies (SAWAS) Journal|volume=1|issue=2|pages=143–158|access-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810171231/http://sawasjournal.org/files/templates/sawas/images/Vishal%20Narain.pdf|archive-date=10 August 2016|url-status=dead}} The wetland is inundated to an area of about 1 square kilometre during the monsoon by rain water and water channeled by farmers to irrigate crops. A major source of water is also a breached water channel carrying waste water and treated sewage from the Gurgaon Water and Sewage Works.

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The wetland supports a high diversity of birds, with at least 239 species reported since 2001 in the area recognised as an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area. The wetland is also recognised as a birding hotspot in eBird with 282 bird species recorded as of May 2017.{{Cite web|url=http://ebird.org/ebird/india/hotspot/L2586063|title=eBird Hotspot--Basai Wetland|last=ebird|website=eBird|language=en|access-date=2017-06-13}} According to a recent assessment,

Basai Wetland meets three Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA) criteria: containing populations of threatened species (Criterion A1), supporting more than 1% of biogeographical population of a species (Criterion A4i), and supporting populations of more than 20,000 waterbirds (Criterion A4iii). Though the wetland shrinks during the summer months, it has a large number of resident bird species, including many typical of wetlands, some of which breed in the hundreds occur in Basai Wetland, including Grey-headed swamphen, Cattle egret, Black bittern, Cinnamon bittern, Yellow bittern, and Yellow-bellied Prinia. The wetland is also used by birds such as Grey-headed Lapwing, Watercock, and Greater flamingo. Two critically endangered vulture species were reported to occur in Basai Wetland in the past: White-rumped vulture and Red-headed vulture.{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN&p2=1&list=ebird&synlang=®ion=INnwhr01&version=text&lifelist=&highlight=0|title=Basai Wetlands bird checklist - Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-06-18}}

Basai wetland also provides an important habitat for migratory birds. In winter when the wetland expands after monsoon rains, around 1100 Bar-headed Goose have been reported, while up to 5,000 ducks of 18 species and 10,000 waders of 36 species occur during spring and autumn passage migration. Among the many migrant bird species found here over the winter are Wood sandpiper, Smoky warbler, Moustached warbler, Common grasshopper warbler, Water rail, Baillon's crake, Great bittern, Water Pipit, and Common crane. During winter, several thousand Citrine wagtail and Yellow wagtail are also known to roost in Basai Wetland.

The bird life of Basai Wetland includes the following species of conservation concern as per the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:{{Cite web|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=www.iucnredlist.org|access-date=2017-06-13}}

Among the mammals, Nilgai, Golden jackal, Jungle cat, and Indian grey mongoose are known to occur. Reptiles known from Basai Wetland include Bengal monitor, Rat snake, Checkered keelback, and water snakes. A large population of amphibians also occurs in the swampy habitat. This also lies in the range of the leopard of the aravalli hills.

File:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9258 bnstork.JPG|Black-necked Stork in Basai Wetland

File:At Basai Dhankot,India on 20thNov16 with Canon 550D by Sumita Roy Dutta Bird image18.jpg|Bar-headed Goose in Basai Wetland

File:Tringa glareola -Basai, District Gurgaon, Haryana, India-8.jpg|Tringa glareola at Basai

File:Smoky warbler.jpg|Smoky warbler

File:Yellow-belliedPrinia.JPG|Yellow-bellied prinia

File:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9401 Plain prinia.jpg|Plain Prinia

File:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9289 ruff.JPG|Ruff in winter plumage

File:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9330 gh swamphen.JPG|Grey-headed Swamphen breeds here in numbers

File:MG 1430 PS INW 02.jpg|Greater Painted Snipe at Basai

File:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9312 bar-headed geese.JPG|Bar-headed geese in flight

File:Gallicrex cinerea -Basai Wetlands, near Gurgaon, Haryana, India-8.jpg|Watercock

File:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9388 Isabelline shrike.JPG|Isabelline Shrike in Basai Wetland

File:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9363 citrine wagtail.JPG|Citrine Wagtail

File:At Basai Dhankot,India on 20thNov16 with Canon 550D by Sumita Roy Dutta Bird image10.jpg|Black-winged Stilts in flight

File:At Basai Dhankot,India on 20thNov16 with Canon 550D by Sumita Roy Dutta Bird image13.jpg|Sarus cranes at Basai

File:At Basai Dhankot,India on 20thNov16 with Canon 550D by Sumita Roy Dutta Bird image5.jpg|Marsh Harrier

File:White-breasted Waterhen (16961219497) (2).jpg|White-breasted Waterhen

File:Rallus aquaticus at basai.JPG|Water Rail at Basai

File:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9271 murmuration.JPG|Starling murmuration at Basai

File:At Basai Dhankot,India on 20thNov16 with Canon 550D by Sumita Roy Dutta Bird image26.jpg|Waders and stilts at Basai

File:At Basai Dhankot,India on 20thNov16 with Canon 550D by Sumita Roy Dutta Bird image20.jpg|Bar-headed goose flock

File:Calmorous Reed Warbler (27322954023).jpg|Clamorous reed warbler

File:Red-naped Ibis (14612775775).jpg|Red-naped ibis in Basai

Basai village is famed for Basai wetland, home of endangered migrant birds, which is under threat from unsustainable development and urbanization.{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Wetlands-facing-threat-in-India/articleshow/45190155.cms|title=Wetlands facing threat in India - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-06-13}} The location of the wetland near the growing metropolis of Gurgaon has led to loss of agricultural lands and wetlands. Basai Wetland adjoins Sectors 9 and 10 of Gurgaon, major residential areas in the city, which were developed on land acquired from Basai village. Over two decades, around six-sevenths of the village's agricultural land has been lost due to urbanization and residential development. Some agricultural area was also lost for establishing the water treatment plant of Haryana Urban Development Authority, which supplies drinking water to Gurgaon. Basai village has also faced the loss of five of the six village ponds (locally called {{transl|hi|johads}}) due to urbanization: three were lost to the residential sectors of Gurgaon, one for a public school, and another was polluted by wastewater from a local factory.

Environmentalists have raised concerns over increasing construction activities, real estate development, and disturbance affecting the wetland and birds.{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/|title=Birds in Basai wetland face threat of rapid habitat loss|last=Pati|first=Ipsita|date=2016-07-01|access-date=2017-06-13|language=en}} A proposed construction and demolition (C&D) plant by a multinational construction firm, approved by the Gurgaon Municipal Corporation, has raised fresh concerns over habitat loss, dust pollution, and disturbance to the wetland and its rich bird life.{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/|title=Gurgaon: Why a proposed debris plant may scare away birds from Basai wetlands|last=Pati|first=Ipsita|date=2017-05-27|access-date=2017-06-13|language=en}} A study of birds in the wetland carried out between 2015 and 2017 noted the following major threats to birds: habitat alteration, weed infestation, water scarcity, and discharge of untreated domestic sewage and industrial effluents.{{Cite journal|last=Rai|first=Deepak|last2=Gulia|first2=Rakesh|last3=Chopra|first3=Girish|last4=Kumar|first4=Parmesh|date=2019-10-31|title=Avifaunal Community Composition and Current Status in Basai Wetlands: An Important Bird Area in Haryana, India|url=http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/149234|journal=Indian Forester|language=en|volume=145|issue=10|pages=971–985|issn=2321-094X}}

The loss of wetlands and pastures in Basai Wetland has also affected local people, specifically potters and those keeping livestock, whose traditional livelihoods have been eroded and they have had to move into other occupations.

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• Delhi Ridge
• Leopards of Haryana
• Gurugram leopard and deer safari
• National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana
• Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
• Gurugram Bhim Kund (Hindi: गुरुग्राम भीम कुंड), also known as Pinchokhda Jhod (Hindi: पिंचोखड़ा जोहड़)
• Arid Forest Research Institute
• Okhla Sanctuary, bordering Delhi in adjoining Uttar Pradesh
• National Zoological Park Delhi
• Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary, Delhi
• Bhalswa horseshoe lake, Delhi
• Haryana Tourism
• List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana
• List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana
• List of Indus Valley Civilization sites in Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, India & Pakistan
• List of national parks of India
• Wildlife sanctuaries of India

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{{commons category|Basai Wetland}}

[http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN&p2=1&list=ebird&synlang=®ion=INnwhr01&version=text&lifelist=&highlight=0 Avibase checklist of birds of Basai Wetland]

[http://ebird.org/ebird/india/hotspot/L2586063 eBird Hotspot Basai Wetland]{{Protected areas of Haryana}}

{{Districts of Haryana}}

{{Protected Areas of India}}

{{National Parks of India}}

Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Haryana

Category:Protected areas of Haryana

Category:National parks in Haryana

Category:Wetlands of India

Category:Bird sanctuaries of India

Category:Gurgaon

Category:Lakes of Haryana