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Baysamun

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{{Infobox settlement

| name = Baysamun

| native_name = بيسمون

| native_name_lang = ar

| other_name = Beisamun, En Besamun, BasimunGrootkerk, 2000, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=J7UzjipP3l8C&pg=PA120 120]

| settlement_type=

| pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Mandatory Palestine | image_map = {{Historical map series|default=2|date1=1870s|date2=1940s|date3=modern|date4=1940s with modern overlay|width=225}} | map_caption = A series of historical maps of the area around {{PAGENAME}} (click the buttons)

| pushpin_mapsize = 200

| coordinates = {{coord|33|5|51|N|35|34|54|E|type:city_region:PS|display=inline,title}}

| grid_name = Palestine grid

| grid_position = 204/278

| subdivision_type = Geopolitical entity

| subdivision_name = Mandatory Palestine

| subdivision_type1 = Subdistrict

| subdivision_name1 = Safad

| established_title1= Date of depopulation

| established_date1 = May 25, 1948Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR16 xvi], village #27. Also gives cause of depopulation.

| established_title2= Repopulated dates

| population_as_of = 1945

| population_total = 20Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p09.jpg 9]

| blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation

| blank_info_sec1 = Whispering campaign

}}

Baysamun or Beisamoun ({{langx|ar|بيسمون}}, Beisamûn) was a small Palestinian Arab village, located {{convert|16.5|km|mi|sp=us}} in the marshy Hula Valley northeast of Safad. In 1945, it had a population of 20.Hadawi, 1970, [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Safad/Page-069.jpg p. 69]. It was depopulated during the 1948 War on May 25, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion in Operation Yiftach.

Beisamoun is an important archaeological site for the Neolithic period, with two plastered human skulls, cremation signs and house floors found there. It stood in close proximity to another major Natufian ("Final Old Stone Age") site, 'Ain Mallaha.

History

=Prehistoric and Bronze Age site=

{{Infobox ancient site

|name = Beisamoun (archaeological site)

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|epochs = Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (mainly), Pottery Neolithic, Bronze Age

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Kathleen Kenyon notes that Beisamoun disappeared under modern drainage systems set up by Israel; in the fish ponds created, Neolithic remains were found that included houses and two plastered skulls.Kenyon, 1985, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QqoOAAAAQAAJ&dq=beisamun&pg=PR12 p. 29]. Rectangular houses with plastered floors show striking similarities to those at Byblos.Wright, 1985, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nrsUAAAAIAAJ&dq=beisamun&pg=PA284 p. 30]. These "Levantine pier house[s]" were also found in Yiftahel, Ayn Ghazal, and Jericho.Negev and Gibson, 2005, [https://books.google.com/books?id=27nq65cZUIgC&dq=beisamun&pg=PA232 p. 232].

File:Plastered Skull, c. 9000 BC.jpg

A main period of habitation was during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B era, but also Pottery Neolithic and Bronze Age remains have been found.Khalaily and Bocquentin, 2008, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=809&mag_id=114 Beisamoun (Mallaha)]

=British Mandate village=

The population of Baysamun in the 1922 census of Palestine consisted of 41 Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table XI, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n44/mode/1up 42] increasing to 50 Muslims in 11 houses by 1931.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 105]

In the 1945 statistics the population was 20 Muslims, with a total of 2,102 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Safad/Page-069.jpg 69]. Of this, 107 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 1,817 for cereals;Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Safad/Page-118.jpg 118] while 133 dunams was non-cultivable area.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Safad/Page-168.jpg 168]

=1948, aftermath=

It was depopulated during the 1948 War on May 25, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion in Operation Yiftach in a Whispering campaign.Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA251 251]

In 1992 the village site was described: "No traces of the houses remain. The site is occupied by warehouses for agricultural implements used by Kibbutz Manara, which had been established in 1943. The land around the site is cultivated and fish ponds have been constructed close to it."Khalidi, 1992, p. 438

References

{{reflist|25em}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite book |editor =Barron, J. B. |title= Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |publisher= Government of Palestine |year= 1923|url= https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 }}
  • {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine |url= http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390}}
  • {{cite book|title=Ancient sites in Galilee: a toponymic gazetteer|first1=Salomon E.|last1=Grootkerk|edition=Illustrated|publisher=BRILL|year=2000|isbn=978-90-04-11535-4|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=J7UzjipP3l8C }}
  • {{cite book |title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine |first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center|url= http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html }}
  • {{cite book|title=Archaeology in the Holy Land|first1=K.|last1=Kenyon|author-link=Kathleen Kenyon|edition=4th, illustrated|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1985|isbn=978-0-416-36490-3}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Khalaily |first1=Hamudi |last2=Bocquentin |first2=Fanny |date= 2008-06-16 |title= Beisamoun (Mallaha) |publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=120|url= http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=809&mag_id=114}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Khalaily |first1=Hamudi |last2=Barzilai |first2=Omry |last3=Bezal’el |first3=Gilad |date= 2009-12-02 |title= Beisamoun (Mallaha) |publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=121 |url= http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1245&mag_id=115}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Khalaily |first1=Hamudi |last2=Bocquentin |first2=Fanny |date= 2010-11-17 |title= Beisamoun (Mallaha) |publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=122 |url= http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1527&mag_id=117 }}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Khalaily |first1=Hamudi |last2=Bocquentin |first2=Fanny |date= 2012-08-13 |title= Beisamoun (Mallaha) |publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=124 |url= http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2025&mag_id=119 }}
  • {{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 |first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|isbn=0-88728-224-5|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ }}
  • {{cite book |editor= Mills, E. |title= Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |publisher= Government of Palestine |location= Jerusalem |year= 1932 |url= https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas}}
  • {{cite book |first=B.|last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C}}
  • {{cite book|title=Archaeological encyclopedia of the Holy Land|first1=Avraham|last1=Negev|first2=S.|last2=Gibson|author-link2=Shimon Gibson|edition=4th, revised, illustrated|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8264-8571-7}}
  • {{cite book|title=Ancient Building in South Syria and Palestine|first1=G. R. H.|last1=Wright|publisher=Brill Archive|year=1985|isbn=978-90-04-07091-2}}

{{refend}}

External links

  • [http://www.palestineremembered.com/Safad/Baysamun/index.html Welcome To Baysamun]
  • [https://www.zochrot.org/en/village/49029 Baysamun], Zochrot
  • [http://www.villagesofpalestine.com/Baysamun.htm Baysamun], Villages of Palestine
  • Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8367 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.04.jpg Wikimedia commons]

{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}

Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War

Category:District of Safad

Category:Archaeological sites in Israel

Category:Neolithic sites of Asia

Category:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B