Bedug
{{Short description|Large double-headed drum}}
{{Infobox instrument|image = Bedug at Istiqlal Mosque.jpg|caption = A bedug in Istiqlal mosque, Jakarta.|background = percussion|classification = Membranophone|name = |hornbostel_sachs = 211.212.1|hornbostel_sachs_desc = Cylindrical drum|developed = maritime Southeast Asia|names = Beduk, Bedhug}}
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Model van een Sundanees islamitisch bedehuis TMnr H-247-7.jpg mosque with bedug hung horizontally at lower right, front part of the building. To its left a slit drum is hung vertically.]]
The bedug (Indonesian and Malaysian {{langx|ms|beduk|italic=yes}}; {{langx|jv|bedhug|italic=yes}}; {{langx|su|dulag|italic=yes}}) is one of the drums used in the gamelan. It is also used among Muslims in Indonesia and Malaysia{{Cite web|title=Beduk|url=http://www.jkkn.gov.my/ms/beduk-1|url-status=live|access-date=15 May 2021|website=National Arts and Cultural Department|publisher=Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Arts Malaysia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214101256/http://jkkn.gov.my/ms/beduk-1 |archive-date=2017-02-14 }} to signal mosque prayer times. The hitting of the instrument is particularly done according to a rhythm that goes in an increasingly rapid (or accelerando) pace.
Overview
A bedug is a large double-headed drum with water buffalo or cow leather on both ends.{{Cite book
| last = Muhaimin
| first = Abdul Ghoffir
| title = The Islamic traditions of Cirebon: ibadat and adat among Javanese Muslims
| publisher = ANU E Press
| year = 2006
| location =
| pages =
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YNrreNggR1YC
| doi =
| id =
Unlike the more frequently used kendang, the bedug is suspended from a frame and played with a padded mallet. The bedug is as large as or larger than the largest kendang and generally has a deeper and duller sound. The drum has pegs holding the two identical heads in place, similar to the Japanese taiko, and its pitch is not adjustable.
Usage
file:Beduk.JPG Islamic Center mosque.]]
The bedug is not used in most gamelan performances, although it is included in some Yogyakarta kendang styles. It is used in special ensembles such as the gamelan sekaten, where it takes the place of the kempul.Lindsay, Jennifer. Javanese Gamelan. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1979. {{ISBN|0-19-580413-9}}. Page 47. In some pieces it is played along with the kendang, especially to accompany dancing.
The bedug is commonly used in mosques in Java among Javanese and Sundanese people to precede the adhan as a sign of the prayer{{Cite book
| last = George
| first = Kenneth M.
| title = Picturing Islam: Art and Ethics in a Muslim Lifeworld
| publisher = John Wiley and Sons
| year = 2010
| location =
| pages = 77
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UXDXRTD8fVUC
| doi =
| id =
| isbn =978-1-4051-2957-2}} or during Islamic festivals.{{Cite book
| last = Rasmussen
| first = Anne K.
| title = Women, the Recited Qur'an, and Islamic Music in Indonesia
| publisher = University of California Press
| year = 2010
| location =
| pages =
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=59HZxqM5dCcC
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 978-0-520-25549-4}} For example, the sound of a bedug is used to signal the end of the day-long fast during Ramadan and sometimes it is used to signal time for Suhoor during Ramadan.{{Cite web|url=http://www.expat.or.id/info/lebaran.html|title=Celebrating the Fasting month of Ramadan and Lebaran in Indonesia|website=Expat.or.id|access-date=20 April 2021}} When used to signal time for Friday prayer, the bedug is beaten in a different way than for ordinary prayers.
The bedug is also used to celebrate takbiran, the night before Eid ul-Fitr following chants of takbir.
The tradition is also known among Sarawakian Malays who know it by the name teter.{{Cite web|date=9 May 2021|title=Teter beduk amalan tradisi Melayu Sarawak|url=https://www.astroawani.com/video-malaysia/teter-beduk-amalan-tradisi-melayu-sarawak-1903587|url-status=live|access-date=15 May 2021|website=Astro Awani|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515091021/https://www.astroawani.com/video-malaysia/teter-beduk-amalan-tradisi-melayu-sarawak-1903587 |archive-date=2021-05-15 }}
Among the Muslim Maranao people of the southern Philippines, a similar and smaller drum is used for announcing prayer times, known as the tabu or tabo.{{cite web |title=Maranao Drum (Tabu) |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Ethno/Drum.html |website=National Museum Collections |access-date=28 June 2021 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628163314/https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Ethno/Drum.html |url-status=dead }}
See also
{{Portal|Indonesia|Malaysia}}
References
{{Reflist|2}}
External links
- [http://www.seasite.niu.edu/indonesian/Budaya_Bangsa/Gamelan/Javanese_Gamelan/drums/bedug.htm NIU site on the bedug, with illustration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225003653/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/indonesian/budaya_bangsa/gamelan/Javanese_Gamelan/drums/bedug.htm |date=2020-02-25 }}
- [http://learningobjects.wesleyan.edu/vim/cgi-bin/instrument.cgi?id=59 Virtual Instrument Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224000550/http://learningobjects.wesleyan.edu/vim/cgi-bin/instrument.cgi?id=59 |date=2015-02-24 }}
{{Gamelan}}
{{Percussion}}
{{Indonesian musical instruments}}
{{Traditional musical instruments of Malaysia}}
{{Islam in Indonesia}}
{{Islamic architecture}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Malaysian musical instruments
Category:Indonesian musical instruments
Category:Islamic architectural elements
Category:Asian percussion instruments
{{Membranophone-instrument-stub}}