Beer in Israel

Like the Phoenicians, the Greeks and the Romans, the ancient Israelites were far more drawn to wine than they were to beer. After the exile of the Jews to Babylonia in the sixth century BC, they began embracing beer and several rabbis became established brewers.{{cite book|last=Marks|first=Gil|title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food|year=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|isbn=978-0-470-39130-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojc4Uker_V0C|author-link=Gil Marks|pages=45–46}} Two notable Babylonian Jewish brewers were Rav Chisda and his pupil Rav Papa, both of whom lived in the vicinity of Sura during the fourth century CE.{{cite encyclopedia|title=Hisda|url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7769-hisda|encyclopedia=The Jewish Encyclopedia|access-date=16 September 2012|year=1906}}{{cite encyclopedia|title=Papa|url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11888-papa|encyclopedia=Jewish Encyclopedia|access-date=9 September 2012|year=1906}}

In {{Nowrap|1934–35}} James Armand de Rothschild, identifying a demand for beer on the part of British nationals residing in Palestine, established the first local commercial brewery in partnership with Gaston Dreyfus, in Rishon LeZion. In 1940 the Palestine Brewery ({{Langx|he|תעשיות בירה א"י}}) – or, as it was also known, the Nesher Brewery – was commissioned by the AACI to supply beer to Australian troops stationed in Palestine. By 1942 the brewery was compelled to enlarge its plant in order to meet increased demand, generated by both military and civilian consumers.{{cite news|title=איפה היינו ומה שתינו|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3940192,00.html|access-date=10 September 2012|newspaper=Ynet|date=20 August 2010|author=Gilboa, Ram|author2=Miller, Tal|language=he|trans-title=Where we were and what we drank}}{{cite news|last=Montefiore|first=Adam|title=Wine Talk: Getting Better|url=http://www.jpost.com/ArtsAndCulture/FoodAndWine/Article.aspx?id=226477|access-date=9 September 2012|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=26 June 2011}}{{cite news|title=News of the Day: A Problem in Beer|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LyQUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KpcDAAAAIBAJ&dq=palestine-brewery&pg=2095%2C1208015|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=The Age|date=13 May 1940}}{{cite news|title=Palestine Makes Beer For Troops|url=http://multiculturalcanada.ca/node/392905?display=full|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108175931/http://multiculturalcanada.ca/node/392905?display=full|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 January 2015|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=The Canadian Jewish Review|date=25 December 1942|page=8}}

Construction of what was at the time the largest brewery in the Middle East, the National Brewery, began in April 1952 in the city of Netanya, founded by a group of investors led by Louis Herzberg. Upon completion in May 1953, the National Brewery had an annual production capacity of 400,000 barrels. In 1954 it shipped what was theretofore "[t]he largest single shipment of imported beer ever to enter the United States" – 180,000 bottles of its Abir label beer.{{cite news|last=Persico |first=Oren |script-title=he:מה הכוונה? בירה לבנה |url=http://www.globes.co.il/news/home.aspx?fid=2&did=573860 |access-date=13 September 2012 |newspaper=Globes |date=26 March 2002 |language=he |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201183816/http://www.globes.co.il/news/home.aspx?fid=2&did=573860 |archive-date=1 February 2016 }}{{cite news|title=Most Beer Ever to Enter U.S. Is From Israel|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=olcfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=P9IEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1643%2C6791413|access-date=11 September 2012|newspaper=The Canadian Jewish Review|date=22 October 1954|location=Montreal|page=1}} The National Brewery merged with the Palestine Brewery and the Galilee Brewery in 1973, whereby it came to control 90% of Israel's beer market. The company was acquired in 1976 by Canadian land developer Murray Goldman for {{Nowrap|$8 million}}. In 1980 a canned beer bearing a label indicating its origin as the National Brewery in Netanya was being sold in Egypt in spite of an Egyptian boycott of Israeli products. Called O.K. beer, it proved more successful than Heineken and Tuborg and was consumed at premier bars in Cairo and other locations in Egypt, even as conservative religious Muslim leaders campaigned to ban the sale of alcoholic drinks in the country.{{cite news|title=OK Beer in Egypt|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aJ40AAAAIBAJ&sjid=Jm4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=2262%2C1780276|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=The Hour|date=12 January 1980|agency=UPI|location=Norwalk, Connecticut|page=8}}{{cite news|last=Pouliot|first=Robert|title=Canada toasted in Mid-East|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=52I_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=yFMMAAAAIBAJ&dq=palestine-brewery&pg=1615%2C3458311|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=The Financial Post|date=24 November 1979|page=11}} After entering into a license agreement with Anheuser-Busch International in 1983 for production of the first American beer in Israel, the National Brewery began producing Budweiser in 1984.{{cite news|title=First American Beer to Be Produced in Israel|url=http://archive.jta.org/article/1983/01/24/2995581/first-american-beer-to-be-produced-in-israel|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=The Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=23 January 1983}}{{cite news|last=Orgel|first=Hugh|title=A Heady Venture|url=http://archive.jta.org/article/1984/04/27/2998915/a-heady-venture|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=The Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=26 April 1984}}

The National Brewery was acquired by Tempo Beer Industries in 1985.{{cite book|script-title=he:כלכלת תעשייה:יחידות 4-5-6|publisher=Open University of Israel|isbn=965-060011-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTn9phtTSBMC|page=256|language=he|quote=הבעלים של 'טמפו' איימו לא אחת בכניסה לתעשיית הבירה כתגמול על כניסת 'מבשלת שיכר לאומית' לתעשיית המשקאות הקלים, ואמנם בתחילת שנות השמונים החלו לשווק בארץ את הבירה הדנית 'טובורג' ובשנת 1985 הגדילו לעשות ורכשו את הבעלות על 'מבשלת שיכר לאומית'.|year=1991}}

Since the 1950s, the Israeli beer industry has been dominated by no more than two companies at a time. Beginning in the 1990s with the establishment of Israel Beer Breweries, it and Tempo Beer Industries control 70% of Israel's beer market. Tempo produces the Goldstar and Maccabee labels, while Israel Beer produces Carlsberg and Tuborg.{{cite web|last=Savery Raz|first=Daniel|title=The Holy Land of Beer|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/israel-and-the-palestinian-territories/travel-tips-and-articles/77317|publisher=Lonely Planet|access-date=8 September 2012|date=15 June 2012}}{{cite news|last=Da Pra|first=Alessandra|title=Is beer Israel's new wine?|url=http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Features/Article.aspx?id=185318|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=20 August 2010}} In addition, around two dozen licensed commercial microbreweries operate in the country.{{cite news |title=Jerusalem Beer Festival 2011 |url=http://www.weeklyblitz.net/1643/jerusalem-beer-festival-2011 |newspaper=Weekly Blitz |location=Dhaka |date=13 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122060252/http://www.weeklyblitz.net/1643/jerusalem-beer-festival-2011 |archive-date=22 November 2011 |access-date=21 December 2015}}

Netanya-based Tempo is the largest brewery in Israel. In 1999 Tempo's Goldstar and Maccabee beers accounted for 60% of all beer sales in the country. Tempo also imports Heineken and Amstel.{{cite news|last=Arnold|first=Michael S.|title=Israel lite—breweries want drinkers to 'hops' aboard|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/10891/israel-lite-breweries-want-drinkers-to-hops-aboard/|access-date=9 September 2012|newspaper=Jweekly|date=28 May 1999|agency=The Jerusalem Post}} Israel Beer Breweries entered the market in {{Nowrap|1991–92}} as a partnership between Carlsberg Group and the local Coca-Cola company. In 1996 it began distributing Guinness.{{cite news|script-title=he:היסטוריה המפותלת של תרבות השתייה בישראל|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3940247,00.html|access-date=9 September 2012|newspaper=Ynet|date=21 August 2010|author=Gilboa, Ram|author2=Miller, Tal|language=he}} Israel Beer Breweries operates a beer-themed visitor center in Ashkelon.{{cite news|last=Jeffay|first=Nathan|title=On Tour: The History Behind Israel's Popular Drinks|url=http://forward.com/articles/116223/on-tour-the-history-behind-israel-s-popular-dri/|access-date=9 September 2012|newspaper=The Forward|date=7 October 2009}}

Craft brewing began to develop midway through the first decade of the 2000s.{{cite news|title=The Scot at the heart of Israel's craft beer boom|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/14290477.The_Scot_at_the_heart_of_Israel_s_craft_beer_boom/?ref=twtrec|access-date=21 February 2016|publisher=The Herals, Scotland|date=19 February 2016}} Journalist Shai Cooper, along with brewer Gadi Deviri, founded the 'Israeli Beer Club' in 2002, unofficially uniting most of the homebrewers in Israel at the time. The two also organized several homebrewing competitions, initially attended by a few brewers, but already in the third edition, dozens of contestants participated. Many of them, such as Uri Shagai from Alexander Brewery, David Cohen from Dancing Camel Brewery, the Shapira brothers from Shapira Brewery, Asaf Levi who founded Malka Brewery, and brewers who later founded additional boutique breweries, all took part and later became owners of their own boutique breweries. At one point, Tempo Beer Industries sponsored Cooper and Deviri's homebrewing competition and the Israeli Beer Club, under the name 'Samuel Adams Long Shot', similarly to the competition in the United States. Later on, Shai Cooper himself founded a homebrewing competition called the 'Stout Challenge', along with the Carlsberg Brewery in Ashkelon.

The Dancing Camel Brewery, which opened in Tel Aviv in 2006, was the first microbrewery to open in Israel. Later that year the Golan Brewery opened up in the Golan Heights region of Israel. Jem's Beer Factory, Israel's first kosher microbrewery, opened in Petah Tikva in 2009.{{cite news|last=Walz|first=Stevie|title=U.S. entrepreneurs brewing something special in Israel|url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/israel_travel/article/us_entrepreneurs_brewing_something_special_in_israel_20110913/|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=JewishJournal.com|date=13 September 2011}}{{cite news|last=Rozental|first=Rotem|script-title=he:שלוקים|url=http://www.nrg.co.il/online/55/ART1/526/247.html|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=Nrg Maariv|date=3 January 2007|language=he}}{{cite news|last=Bar|first=Dani|script-title=he:הכל אודות בירה|url=http://www.haaretz.co.il/misc/1.1268832|access-date=13 September 2012|newspaper=Haaretz|date=1 July 2009|language=he}}{{cite news|last=Lebor|first=Marian|title=Veterans: A brewmaster's persistence|url=http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Features/Article.aspx?id=265657|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=11 April 2012}} By the end of 2009 there were microbreweries operating from Dekel and Qiryat Gat in Israel's south; through Sal'it, Petah Tikva and Tel Aviv; up to Haifa, the Jezreel Valley, Ramot Naftali, and Yehi'am; and as far as Qatzrin in the Golan Heights.{{cite news|last=Ofer|first=Yael|script-title=he:צ'ירס, מייט: 10 מבשלות בירה ישראליות|url=http://www.nrg.co.il/online/55/ART1/915/998.html|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=Nrg Maariv|date=13 July 2009|language=he|trans-title=Cheers, mate: 10 Israeli beer breweries}} 2010 was an especially active year for new microbreweries.{{cite journal|last=Eren Frucht |first=Leora |title=Guess What's Brewing? |journal=Hadassah Magazine |url=http://www.hadassahmagazine.org/site/apps/nlnet/content.aspx?c=twI6LmN7IzF&b=5698175&ct=11798137 |access-date=8 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729010739/http://www.hadassahmagazine.org/site/apps/nlnet/content.aspx?c=twI6LmN7IzF&b=5698175&ct=11798137 |archive-date=29 July 2013 }}

Image:Goldstar beer.jpg

The first native beer label to emerge in what would soon become the State of Israel was Nesher, in the 1930s. In its early years it was the leading beer label locally and was produced in quantities of {{Nowrap|10,000 liters}} per year. Two varieties of Nesher were available at that time – a pilsner lager and a malt beer. Nesher Malt continues to be known in Hebrew as bira shechora ("black beer").

Goldstar, a pale lager brewed in Israel since 1950, was originally produced at the Cabeer Brewery in Rishon LeZion. In the years between 1952 and the mid-1980s a popular beer brewed in Israel was Abir. Maccabee, a pilsner invented by brewmaster Menachem Berliner, was introduced in 1968 and competed with Goldstar for market share until the 1970s. Goldstar and Maccabee were acquired in 1975 by a single partnership and were sold to Tempo in 1986.{{cite news|title=Bubbling Up Across the Holy Land|url=http://forward.com/articles/162223/bubbling-up-across-holy-land/?p=all|access-date=9 September 2012|newspaper=The Forward|date=5 September 2012|author=Levin, Jamie|author2=Treleaven, Sarah}}{{cite news|script-title=he:שובו של האביר: הבירה של פעם עושה קאמבק|url=http://www.mynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4220769,00.html|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=Ynet|date=29 April 2012|author=גלס, אדם|author2=פרבר, עומר|language=he|archive-date=1 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501101237/http://www.mynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4220769,00.html|url-status=dead}} Goldstar won a Monde Selection gold medal in 2007, and in 2011 it won an Israeli Product of the Year award.{{cite web|title=Goldstar |url=http://www.eurobrews.com/doc-search/images/Gold%20Star.pdf |publisher=EuroBrew |access-date=9 September 2012 }}{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

The brews produced by the Dancing Camel microbrewery are adapted to accommodate Israel's palate which, according to founder David Cohen, eschews bitter flavors. Thus the Dancing Camel IPA offsets the bitterness of its hops with silan, a syrup extracted from dates. Dancing Camel also produces seasonal beers inspired by the Jewish holidays: for Rosh Hashanah Dancing Camel releases a pomegranate beer, and for Sukkoth a wheat beer made with etrog.{{cite book|last=McFarland|first=Ben|title=World's Best Beers: One Thousand Craft Brews from Cask to Glass|year=2009|publisher=Sterling Publishing|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-1-4027-6694-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHh-4M_QxEsC|page=237}}

The first Irish pub in Israel was Molly Bloom's, which opened in central Tel Aviv in 2000 as a partnership between Israel Beer Breweries and an Irish entrepreneur. By 2004 there were Irish pubs in Tel Aviv, Herzliya, Rehovoth, and Glilot.{{cite news|last=Coussin|first=Orna|title=When Irish bars are smiling|url=http://www.haaretz.com/culture/food-wine/when-irish-bars-are-smiling-1.135103|access-date=9 September 2012|newspaper=Haaretz|date=20 September 2004}} Porter and Sons in Tel Aviv, which opened in 2010, has the most beers on tap of any establishment in Israel – 50 as of 2012. In the category of Best Beer Restaurant in Israel, Beers.co.il awarded Porter and Sons first place in 2012.{{cite news|title=10 המקומות שאתה חייב לשתות בהם בירה|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4172699,00.html|access-date=10 September 2012|newspaper=Ynet|date=8 January 2012|author=Shasho, Itzik|author2=Gilboa, Ram|language=he|trans-title=The 10 places where you must drink beer}}{{cite web|title=Beers Awards|url=http://beers.co.il/beer_contests.asp?pc=2012|publisher=Beers.co.il|access-date=10 September 2012|language=he|year=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928232315/http://beers.co.il/beer_contests.asp?pc=2012|archive-date=28 September 2013|url-status=dead}}

In June 2012 a new bar was opened next to Shuk HaCarmel called [http://beerbazaar.co.il Beer Bazaar]. They serve over 80 Israeli beers, more than 10 Israeli ciders and also have their own beer on tap.

The Jerusalem Beer Festival is one of the largest beer festivals in Israel, held annually in the summer since 2004.{{cite news|last=Gal|first=Asi|title=Summer Pint|url=http://www.jpost.com/LocalIsrael/InJerusalem/Article.aspx?id=152434|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=20 August 2009}}{{cite news|last=Minsky|first=Loren|title='Save the Kinneret, drink beer'|url=http://www.jpost.com/ArtsAndCulture/Entertainment/Article.aspx?id=236183|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=31 August 2011}} The festival is held for two days usually between August 28–29. Other festivals are held in Tel Aviv, Haifa and the Mateh Yehuda region.{{cite news|title=Brewing up a storm at Israel's ultimate beer festival|url=http://www.haaretz.com/travel-in-israel/food-drink/brewing-up-a-storm-at-israel-s-ultimate-beer-festival-1.406448|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=Haaretz|date=10 January 2012}}{{cite news|title=Two cities, one beer festival|url=http://www.haaretz.com/culture/food-wine/two-cities-one-beer-festival-1.379142|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=Haaretz|date=17 August 2011}}{{cite news|last=Gilad|first=Moshe|title=Along the Judean hills, beer is the new wine|url=http://www.haaretz.com/travel-in-israel/along-the-judean-hills-beer-is-the-new-wine-1.454684|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=Haaretz|date=30 July 2012}} A wine and beer festival is held annually in Beer Sheva.{{cite news|title=Wine festival near mosque site in Israel angers Muslims|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/08/16/232654.html|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=Al Arabiya|date=16 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824042650/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/08/16/232654.html|archive-date=24 August 2012|url-status=dead}} The city of Ashdod held its first beer festival in 2011.{{cite news|script-title=he:צפו: כך נראה פסטיבל הבירה באשדוד|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4107434,00.html|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=Ynet|date=11 August 2011|language=he}}

In 2002 the Israeli Beer Club was established by Shai Cooper and Gadi Deviri in order to promote the culture of beer in Israel and specifically to serve as a platform for helping small-scale brewers and importers to get their products onto the market. The club offers homebrewing and beer tasting workshops and is involved in organizing beer competitions.{{cite news|last=Gisser|first=Guy|script-title=he:בירה בחצר האחורית|url=http://food.walla.co.il/?w=/902/971918|access-date=9 September 2012|newspaper=Walla! News|date=9 September 2006|language=he|trans-title=Beer in the back yard}}

At the end of the second decade of the 21st century, there was significant activity on the internet centered around local beer brewers and the import of beers from abroad. The communities, led by the Facebook group "One Beer a Day"{{Cite web |date=2020-06-11 |title=בירה אחת ביום: קבוצת הפייסבוק של מומחי הבירה בישראל |url=https://www.mako.co.il/blend-blend_beer/Article-9f27f5df53e9271026.htm |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=mako}} have driven producers and importers to significantly increase the variety of beers in the country, as well as to introduce the production of new styles that have been revealed to the growing audience.

In 1937, in an effort to protect the local brewing industry from competition issuing from neighboring breweries in Syria and Lebanon, the British High Commissioner for Palestine ordered a tariff of {{Nowrap|10 mils}} on each liter of imported beer.{{cite news|title=Palestine Protects Brewing Industry with Tariff|url=http://archive.jta.org/article/1937/09/19/2839960/palestine-protects-brewing-industry-with-tariff|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=The Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=19 September 1937}}

In the late 1990s beer sales in Israel totaled {{Nowrap|$100 million}}, of which Tempo accounted for 73%. The malt beverage industry generated a separate {{Nowrap|$10 million}} in sales. Between 1992 and 1997 the share of international labels in the market grew from 9% to 36%, with a concomitant decline in the share of domestic labels over the same period from 91% to 64%.{{cite news|script-title=he:מבשלות בירה ישראל תשקיע 2 מיליון דולר במפעליה באשקלון |url=http://www.globes.co.il/news/home.aspx?fid=2&did=130696 |access-date=9 September 2012 |newspaper=Globes |date=23 April 1998 |author=Dovrat, Zehava |author2=Sharon Rivlin, Vered |language=he |trans-title=Israel Beer Breweries to invest $2m in its Ashqelon production plants |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131646/http://www.globes.co.il/news/home.aspx?fid=2&did=130696 |archive-date=4 March 2016 }} The value of Israel's beer market was estimated at {{Nowrap|₪1.2 billion}} in 2009. Its size in 2010 was estimated at 950,000–1,000,000 hectoliters, up from 800,000 in 2005.{{cite news|last=Deviri |first=Gad |title=Room to grow for Israeli beer market |url=http://beveragemanager.net/Article-Single-News.176.0.html?&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4087&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=118&cHash=38cf717901f40d9f82ab02ccbe6a3846 |access-date=11 September 2012 |newspaper=BeverageManager.Net |date=1 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327165309/http://beveragemanager.net/Article-Single-News.176.0.html?&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4087&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=118&cHash=38cf717901f40d9f82ab02ccbe6a3846 |archive-date=27 March 2012 }}

With a strong local economy the alcoholic drinks market in general is growing within Israel, with particular growth in beer sales.

{{cite web

|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Beer_in_Israel

|title=Beer in Israel

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The leading beer companies, such as Tempo Beer Industries and Israel Beer Breweries, launched new beer brands in 2007, with the most significant introductions being Goldstar Light, Tuborg T and Samuel Adams. Goldstar and Maccabee are the overall leading brands in Israel. Over 75% of beer sales in Israel are from off-sales locations such as supermarkets, rather than bars.

{{cite web

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|title=Alcoholic Drinks in Israel

|publisher=www.euromonitor.com

|access-date=2009-07-17

}}

In 2012 Israel's finance minister signed an order to raise the purchase tax on beer from NIS2.18 to NIS4.19 per liter.{{cite news|last=Frydberg|first=Tracy|title=Fears brew that Israel's bubbling beer culture could be flattened by tax hike|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-bubbling-beer-culture-could-be-flattened-by-tax-hike/|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=The Times of Israel|date=6 August 2012}} The move was opposed by Eli Yishai of the Shas party, who said it would have fatal repercussions vis-a-vis Israel's local boutique breweries.{{cite news|last=Yahav|first=Telem|title=Boutique breweries find unlikely ally|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4267885,00.html|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=Ynetnews|date=14 August 2012}}

According to Ludwig Horlein of the Hartmannsdorf Brewery in Germany, with respect to ingredients there is no difference between kosher and non-kosher beer.{{cite news|title=News Brief|url=http://archive.jta.org/article/2007/08/01/2938612/news-brief|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=The Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=1 August 2007}} In general, observant Jews will only drink unflavored beers without a kosher certification (compared to flavored beers, which do require a kosher certification).KosherQuest.org. General Information About Beer. {{cite web |url=http://www.kosherquest.org/kq_beer.php |title=Beer | KosherQuest |access-date=2013-01-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530063842/http://kosherquest.org/kq_beer.php |archive-date=2013-05-30 }} Retrieved 17 January 2013. But according to Israeli beer expert Gad Deviri, kosher certification is not a consideration for many observant Jews in Israel.{{cite news|last=Cheslow|first=Daniella|title=Making a Mark in Foam|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-27742185.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117142414/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-27742185.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 November 2018|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=The Jerusalem Report|date=25 October 2010}} However, while unflavored beers with no additives are acceptable even without Kosher certification, some beers may contain additives that are not kosher.{{cite web |url=http://www.crcweb.org/LiquorList.pdf |title=cRc - Liquor List |last=Fishbane |first=Sholem |date=May 12, 2013 |publisher=Chicago Rabbinical Council |access-date=May 12, 2013}} It is also generally accepted that, as a beverage made with grains such as barley, beer is considered chametz and never kosher for Passover.

[https://www.facebook.com/groups/onebeeraday One Beer a Day] - Facebook community

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• Beer in Palestine

{{Reflist|2}}

• {{cite book|last=Davis|first=Marni|title=Jews and Booze: Becoming American in the Age of Prohibition|year=2012|publisher=New York University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8147-2028-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/jewsboozebecomin0000davi}}
• {{cite book|last=Snyder|first=Charles R.|title=Alcohol and the Jews: A Cultural Study of Drinking and Sobriety|url=https://archive.org/details/alcoholandthejew027935mbp|year=1958|publisher=Free Press|location=Glencoe, Illinois}}

{{Beers of the world}}

Category:Israeli alcoholic drinks