Berliner Philharmonie
{{Short description|German concert hall}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox building
| name = {{Lang|de|Berliner Philharmonie|italic=no}}
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| building_type = Concert hall
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| location = Tiergarten, Berlin, Germany
| address = Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße 1, 10785 Berlin
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| coordinates = {{coord|52|30|36|N|013|22|12|E|region:DE-BE|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe-marker = music
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| start_date = 1960
| completion_date = 1963
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The {{Lang|de|Berliner Philharmonie|italic=no}} ({{IPA|de|bɛʁˌliːnɐ fɪlhaʁmoˈniː|lang|De-Berliner Philharmonie.ogg}}) is a concert hall in Berlin, Germany, and home to the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.
The Philharmonie lies on the south edge of the city's Tiergarten and just west of the former Berlin Wall. The Philharmonie is on Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße, named for the orchestra's longest-serving principal conductor. The building forms part of the Kulturforum complex of cultural institutions close to Potsdamer Platz.
The Philharmonie consists of two venues, the Grand Hall (Großer Saal) with 2,440 seats and the Chamber Music Hall (Kammermusiksaal) with 1,180 seats. Though conceived together, the smaller hall was opened in the 1980s, some twenty years after the main building.
History
File:KulturbundOrchester001.jpg orchestra, in the (Bernburger Straße) Berliner Philharmonie. Conductor: Kurt Singer. 7/8 May 1934]]
Hans Scharoun designed the building,{{cite book |title=Herbert von Karajan: A Life in Music |author=Osborne, Richard |publisher=Chatto & Windus |year=1998 |isbn=1-55553-425-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/herbertvonkaraja00rich/page/475 475f] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/herbertvonkaraja00rich/page/475 }} which was constructed over the years 1960–1963. It opened on 15 October 1963 with Herbert von Karajan conducting Beethoven's 9th Symphony. It was built to replace the old Philharmonie, destroyed by British bombers on 30 January 1944, the eleventh anniversary of Hitler becoming Chancellor.{{cite book |title=The Reich's Orchestra: The Berlin Philharmonic 1933–1945 |author=Aster, Misha |publisher=Souvenir Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-285-63893-8 |page=149}} The hall is a singular building, asymmetrical and tentlike, with the main concert hall in the shape of a pentagon. The height of the rows of seats increases irregularly with distance from the stage. The stage is at the centre of the hall, surrounded by seating on all sides. The so-called vineyard-style seating arrangement (with terraces rising around a central orchestral platform) was pioneered by this building, and became a model for other concert halls, including the Sydney Opera House (1973), Denver's Boettcher Concert Hall (1978), the Gewandhaus in Leipzig (1981), Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles (2003), and the Philharmonie de Paris (2014).{{cite news | author=Kate Connolly | title=Musicians flee Philharmonic fire in Berlin | url=http://music.guardian.co.uk/classical/story/0,,2281162,00.html | work=The Guardian | date=21 May 2008 | access-date=22 May 2008}}[http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/philharmonieparis/ Design Build Network.] Retrieved 16 February 2012.
File:Berliner Philharmonie Concert Hall.JPG
File:Berliner Philharmonie1.jpg
File:Berliner Philharmoniker by Hans Scharoun.jpg
Jazz pianist Dave Brubeck and his quartet recorded three live performances at the hall; Dave Brubeck in Berlin (1964),{{Allmusic|class=album|id=dave-brubeck-in-berlin-mw0000986620|label=Dave Brubeck in Berlin}} Live at the Berlin Philharmonie (1970),{{Allmusic|class=album|id=live-at-the-berlin-philharmonie-mw0000646230|label=Live at the Berlin Philharmonie}} and We're All Together Again for the First Time (1973).{{Allmusic|class=album|id=two-generations-of-brubeck-mw0000149604|label=We're All Together Again for the First Time}} Miles Davis's 1969 live performance at the hall has also been released on DVD.[http://www.milesdavis.com/us/music/miles-davis-quintet-live-europe-1969-bootleg-series-vol-2 Miles Davis website album entry] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206210749/http://www.milesdavis.com/us/music/miles-davis-quintet-live-europe-1969-bootleg-series-vol-2 |date=6 February 2015 }}, accessed 12 April 2015
On 20 May 2008 a fire broke out at the hall. A quarter of the roof suffered considerable damage as firefighters cut openings to reach the flames beneath the roof.{{cite news | author=Nicholas Kulish and Daniel J. Wakin | title=Fire Under Control at Home of Berlin Philharmonic | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/21/world/europe/21berlin.html | work=New York Times | date=21 May 2008 | access-date=22 May 2008}} The hall interior sustained water damage but was otherwise "generally unharmed". Firefighters limited damage using foam.{{cite news | author=Daniel J. Wakin | title=Hall Interior in Berlin Intact After Fire | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/22/arts/music/22orch.html | work=New York Times | date=22 May 2008 | access-date=22 May 2008}} The cause of the fire was attributed to welding work, and no serious damage was caused either to the structure or interior of the building.{{cite news | author=Stephen McElroy | title=Cause of Fire at Berlin Philharmonic Is Found | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/27/arts/27arts-002.html | work=New York Times | date=27 May 2008 | access-date=28 May 2008}} Performances resumed, as scheduled, on 1 June 2008 with a concert by the San Francisco Symphony Youth Orchestra.{{cite news | author=Felix Stephan | title=Philharmonie wieder geöffnet: Das Deutsche Symphonie-Orchester Berlin nahm den Konzertbetrieb wieder auf | url=http://www.morgenpost.de/content/2008/06/03/feuilleton/965753.html | work=Berliner Morgenpost | date=3 June 2008 | access-date=7 June 2008}}
File:RSB Philharmonie.jpg (with chorus on the steps behind) in the Philharmonie.
The audience galleries are all surrounding the concert desk (two prominent galleries are visible on the rear). From the ceiling the installations (microphones, video cameras etc.) for the livestream transmission of the concert through the Digital Concert Hall of the Berlin Philharmonic can be seen.]]
Organs
= Main organ =
The main organ was built by the Karl Schuke Orgelbauwerkstatt, Berlin, in 1965, and renovated in 1992, 2012 and 2016. It has four manuals and 91 stops. The pipes of the choir organs and the Tuba 16' and Tuba 8' stops are not assigned to any group and can be played from all four manuals and the pedals.
| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
| style="vertical-align:top" | {| border="0" | colspan="1" |I Main C–a3 ---- |
| Principal
|16′ |
| Oktave
|{{0}}8′ |
| Doppelflöte
|{{0}}8′ |
| Rohrflöte
|{{0}}8′ |
| Oktave
|{{0}}4′ |
| Gedacktflöte
|{{0}}4′ |
| Nassat
|{{0}}2 2/3′ |
| Oktave
|{{0}}2′ |
| Mixtur major VI–VIII
|{{0}}2′ |
| Mixtur minor IV
|{{0}}2/3′ |
| Bombarde
|16′ |
| Trompete
|{{0}}8′ |
| Bassethorn
|{{0}}8′ |
| Tuba (en Chamade)
|16′ |
| Tuba (en Chamade)
|{{0}}8′ |
| style="vertical-align:top" |
| border="0"
| colspan="2" |II Positiv C–a3 ---- |
| Quintadena
|16′ |
| Principal
|{{0}}8′ |
| Spillpfeife
|{{0}}8′ |
| Gedackt
|{{0}}8′ |
| Oktave
|{{0}}4′ |
| Blockflöte
|{{0}}4′ |
| Waldflöte
|{{0}}2′ |
| Sesquialtera II
|{{0}}2 2/3′ |
| Nassat
|1/3 |
| Mixtur IV–VI
|{{0}}1 1/3′ |
| Cymbel III
|{{0}}1 1/3′ |
| Cor anglais
|16′ |
| Cromorne
|{{0}}8′ |
| Tremulant |
| style="vertical-align:top" |
| border="0"
| colspan="2" |III Récit (enclosed) C–a3 ---- |
| Bordun
|16′ |
| Holzflöte
|{{0}}8′ |
| Gambe
|{{0}}8′ |
| Gedackt
|{{0}}8′ |
| Voix céleste
|{{0}}8′ |
| Principal
|{{0}}4′ |
| Flûte douce
|{{0}}4′ |
| Quintflöte
|{{0}}2 2/3′ |
| Nachthorn
|{{0}}2′ |
| Terz
|{{0}}1 3/5′ |
| Flageolett
|{{0}}1′ |
| Forniture V
|{{0}}2 2/3′ |
| Scharffcymbel III
|{{0}}1/2′ |
| Trompete
|16′ |
| Trompete harmonique
|{{0}}8′ |
| Oboe
|{{0}}8′ |
| Clairon
|{{0}}4′ |
| Tremulant |
| style="vertical-align:top" |
| border="0"
| colspan="2" |IV Solo (enclosed) C–a3 ---- |
| Salicional
|{{0}}8′ |
| Holzgedackt
|{{0}}8′ |
| Gemshorn
|{{0}}8′ |
| Principal
|{{0}}4′ |
| Rohrflöte
|{{0}}4′ |
| Oktave
|{{0}}2′ |
| Gemshorn
|{{0}}2′ |
| Terz
|{{0}}1 3/5′ |
| Quinte
|{{0}}1 1/3′ |
| Septime
|{{0}}1 1/7′ |
| Sifflöte
|{{0}}1′ |
| None
|{{0}}8/9′ |
| Scharff IV–V
|{{0}}1′ |
| Dulcian
|16′ |
| Voix humaine
|{{0}}8′ |
| Tremulant |
| style="vertical-align:top" |
| border="0"
| colspan="2" |Pedal C–g1 ---- |
| Gravissima
|64' |
| Principal
|32′ |
| Flötenbass
|32' |
| Principal
|16′ |
| Flötenbass
|16′ |
| Subbass
|16′ |
| Zartbass
|16′ |
| Oktave
|{{0}}8′ |
| Gedackt
|{{0}}8′ |
| Oktave
|{{0}}4′ |
| Rohrpommer
|{{0}}4′ |
| Bauernflöte
|{{0}}2′ |
| Hintersatz VI
|{{0}}2 2/3′ |
| Posaune
|32′ |
| Posaune
|16′ |
| Fagott
|16′ |
| Trompete
|{{0}}8′ |
| Schalmei
|{{0}}4′ |
|}
----
= Choir organ =
| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
| style="vertical-align:top" | {| border="0" | colspan="2" |Choir organ (left) |
| Bourdon
|16' |
| Principal
|{{0}}8′ |
| Bourdon
|{{0}}8′ |
| Gemshorn
|{{0}}8′ |
| Oktave
|{{0}}4′ |
| Trichterflöte
|{{0}}2′ |
| Basson Hautbois
|{{0}}8′ |
| Tremulant |
| style="vertical-align:top" |
| border="0"
| colspan="2" |Choir organ (right) |
| Flûte harmonique
|{{0}}8′ |
| Salicional
|{{0}}8′ |
| Prinzipalflöte
|{{0}}4′ |
| Sesquialtera II
|{{0}}2 2/3′ |
| Waldflöte
|{{0}}2′ |
| Clarinette
|{{0}}8′ |
| Tremulant |
| style="vertical-align:top" |
| border="0"
| colspan="2" |Pedal ---- |
| Subbass
|16′ |
|}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite web | title=Schnäppchen für 17 Millionen Mark – Philharmonie Berlin wird 60 | website=nmz | date=12 October 2023 | url=https://www.nmz.de/politik-betrieb/musikleben/schnaeppchen-fuer-17-millionen-mark-philharmonie-berlin-wird-60 | language=de | access-date=12 October 2023}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://www.kulturforum-berlin.com/ Kulturforum on Potsdamer Platz]
- [http://www.panorama-cities.net/berlin/philharmonics.html Berliner Philharmonie: 360° panorama (external round-tour)]
- [http://www.berliner-philharmoniker.de/en/philharmonie/virtual-tour/ Virtual-tour through the concert hall (internal round-tour), with "stop" and "information" features] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419235633/https://www.berliner-philharmoniker.de/en/philharmonie/virtual-tour/ |date=19 April 2022 }}
{{Berlin Philharmonic}}
{{Berlin}}
{{Music venues in Germany}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Concert halls in Germany
Category:Buildings and structures in Mitte
Category:Music venues in Berlin
Category:1963 establishments in West Germany
Category:Tourist attractions in Berlin