Bernard 190

{{Infobox aircraft

|name=Bernard 190

|image=Bernard 191 GR - Oiseau Canari.JPG

|caption=Bernard 191GR Oiseau Canari preserved at the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace

|type=Airliner

|manufacturer=Bernard

|designer= Jean Hubert

|first_flight=1928

|introduction=

|retired=

|status=

|primary_user=CIDNA

|more_users=

|produced=

|number_built=ca. 15

|variants=

}}

The Bernard 190 or Bernard-Hubert 190 was a French airliner of 1928. It was a high-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration, based on the Bernard 18. Compared with its predecessor, it kept the same basic design but featured redesigned tail surfaces, an enlarged cabin, and offered its flight crew a completely enclosed cockpit. Also like its predecessor, the basic airliner model provided the basis for a long-range aircraft to be used in record attempts, the 191GR (for Grand Raid).

Operational history

The eight 190Ts entered service in 1929 with CIDNA, operating on various European routes.Stroud 1966, p. 45 The 190T was not popular with CIDNA, whose president had been trying for several years to purchase more efficient and economical Fokker F.VIIs. The last 190T was burnt on 3 January 1933.Liron 1990, pp. 152–153

The 190 is best remembered for the exploits of the three 191GRs. The first built was used by Louis Coudouret in an attempt to cross the North Atlantic in August 1928. This was unsuccessful when the aircraft first refused to leave the ground in Paris, and was later turned back by Spanish authorities unwilling to permit the flight. On 7 July 1929, Coudouret crashed the aircraft near Angoulême and was killed.

The second example was used in the first successful French aerial crossing of the North Atlantic. Painted bright yellow and dubbed Oiseau Canari ("Canary Bird") it departed Old Orchard Beach, Maine, on June 13, 1929 and piloted by Jean Assolant, René Lefèvre and Armand Lotti, it completed the crossing to Oyambre Beach, near Comillas, Cantabria, Spain, in 29 hours 52 minutes, even with a stowaway (Arthur Schreiber) aboard. This aircraft is now preserved in the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace.

The third 191GR was used by Antoine Paillard to set two world airspeed records, for {{cvt|100|km}} with a {{cvt|2000|kg}} payload, and for {{cvt|1000|km}} with a {{cvt|1000|kg}} payload.

Variants

;190T:Single-engined airliner, powered by a {{convert|358|kW|hp|abbr=on}} Gnome et Rhône 9Ady (licence-built Bristol Jupiter) radial piston engine.{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=Bernard 190T |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=2118&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=202&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance |accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=9 January 1999}}

;191T:A single aircraft powered by a {{cvt|600|hp|order=flip}} Hispano-Suiza 12Lb V-12 engine.{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=Bernard 191T |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9535&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=202&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance |accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=22 September 2002}}

;191GR:Record-breaking aircraft, powered by {{convert|447|kW|hp|abbr=on}} Hispano-Suiza 12Lb piston engine. Three built as 191G.R. No.1, 191G.R. No.2 and 191G.R. No.3.{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=Bernard 191GR |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9537&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=202&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance |accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=29 September 2002}}

;192T:Single mailplane example for Aéropostale, powered by a {{cvt|480|hp|order=flip}} Gnome & Rhône 9Akx radial engine.{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=Bernard 192T |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9534&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=202&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance |accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=29 September 2002}}

;193T:Single-engined transport aircraft, powered by a {{convert|336|kW|hp|abbr=on}} Lorraine 12Eb piston engine. Only one built.{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=Bernard 193T |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9536&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=202&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance |accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=29 September 2002}}

;197GR:Engine demonstrator commissioned by Lorraine-Dietrich. Lost off Rangoon 26 February 1929.

Operators

;{{FRA}}

Specifications (190T)

File:Bernard_190_3-view_L'Aéronautique_June,1928.png

{{Aircraft specs

|ref=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928.{{cite book |title=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928 |editor1-last=Grey |editor1-first=C.G. |year=1928 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd |location=London |page=86c}} Aviafrance:Bernard 190T

|prime units?=met

|crew=2

|capacity=8 pax

|length m=12.58

|span m=17.3

|height m=3.5

|wing area sqm=42.909

|aspect ratio=

|airfoil=

|empty weight kg=1780

|gross weight kg=3300

|max takeoff weight kg=

|max takeoff weight lb=

|max takeoff weight note=

|fuel capacity={{cvt|440|kg}}

|more general=

|eng1 number=1

|eng1 name=Gnome & Rhône 9Ady

|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine

|eng1 hp=480

|prop blade number=2

|prop name=fixed pitch propeller

|prop dia m=

|prop dia ft=

|prop dia in=

|prop dia note=

|max speed kmh=220

|cruise speed note=200

|stall speed kmh=90

|never exceed speed kmh=

|never exceed speed mph=

|never exceed speed kts=

|never exceed speed note=

|range km=1000

|ferry range km=

|ferry range miles=

|ferry range nmi=

|ferry range note=

|endurance=

|ceiling m=3700

|roll rate=

|climb rate ms=

|time to altitude={{cvt|1000|m}} in 7 minutes; {{cvt|3000|m}} in 29 minutes 30 seconds

|wing loading kg/m2=79.25

|fuel consumption kg/km=

|fuel consumption lb/mi=

|power/mass=

|thrust/weight=

|more performance=

}}

References

Bibliography

{{cite book |last1=Liron |first1=Jean |title=Les avions Bernard |year=1990 |publisher=Éditions Larivière |location=Paris |isbn=2-84890-065-2|series=Collection Docavia|volume=31 |language=fr}}
{{cite magazine|last1=Meurillion|first1=Louis|title="Tango" et "Canari": les "Oiseaux" de raid de Bernard|magazine=Le Album de Fanatique de l'Aviation |date=October 1969|issue=4 |pages=20–24|issn=0757-4169 |language=fr |trans-title=The "Tango" and "Canary": Bernard's Raiding "Birds"}}
{{cite magazine|last1=Meurillion|first1=Louis|title="Tango" et "Canari": les "Oiseaux" de raid de Bernard|magazine=Le Album de Fanatique de l'Aviation |date=November 1969|issue=5 |pages=18–19|issn=0757-4169 |language=fr |trans-title=The "Tango" and "Canary": Bernard's Raiding "Birds"}}
{{cite magazine |last1=Meurillion|first1=Louis|title="L'Oiseau Canari" et l'Atlantique|magazine=Le Album de Fanatique de l'Aviation |date=December 1969|issue=6 |pages=22–26|issn=0757-4169 |language=fr |trans-title=The "Canary Bird" and the Atlantic}}
{{cite magazine|last1=Meurillion|first1=Louis|title=Les derniers dérives de "l'Oiseau Tango"|magazine=Le Album de Fanatique de l'Aviation |date=January 1970|issue=7 |pages=24–25|issn=0757-4169 |language=fr |trans-title=The Last Derivatives of the "Tango Bird"}}
{{cite magazine |last1=Roffe |first1=Michael |last2=Baker |first2=David |title=Great moments in aviation — No 19 |magazine=Aeroplane Monthly |date=December 1996 |volume=24 |issue=12 |pages=24–25 |issn=0143-7240}}
{{cite book |last=Stroud |first=John |title=European Transport Aircraft since 1910 |year=1966 |location=London |publisher=Putnam}}