Berolina
{{about|the personification of Berlin|the asteroid|422 Berolina|the fairy chess piece|Berolina pawn||Berlin (disambiguation)}}
File:Berlin Alexanderplatz Berolina.jpg
Berolina is the female personification{{refn|The traditional Latin name of Berlin is the neuter Berolinum.|group=note}} of Berlin and the allegorical female figure symbolizing the city. One of the best-known portraits of Berolina is the statue that once stood in Alexanderplatz.{{cite web |url=http://www.bildhauerei-in-berlin.de/_html/_katalog/_details.php?id=1324 |title=Bildhauerei in Berlin - Katalog |publisher=Bildhauerei-in-berlin.de |accessdate=2012-02-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605190342/http://www.bildhauerei-in-berlin.de/_html/_katalog/_details.php?id=1324 |archivedate=2012-06-05 }}
Statue
File:Berlin Heimkehr d Heeres 16-06-1871 (H Scherenberg IZ 57).jpg
In 1871, emperor William I ordered an {{convert|11|m|ft|abbr=on}} Berolina statue in Belle-Alliance-Platz (today's Mehringplatz), to glorify the homecoming victorious troops of the Franco-Prussian War.{{cite web |url=http://www.berolina-standbild.de/historie/index.html |title=Historie |publisher=Berolina-standbild.de |date= |accessdate=2012-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426065607/http://www.berolina-standbild.de/historie/index.html |archive-date=2012-04-26 |url-status=dead }}
Another statue was designed in 1889 by the sculptors {{ill|Emil Hundrieser|de}} (1846–1911) and Michel Lock (1848–1898) as a decorative element for the state visit of King Umberto I of Italy. The Berolina figure was produced in plaster and was placed on Potsdamer Platz. The statue of {{convert|7.55|m|ft|abbr=on}} showed a woman with a crown of oak leaves. The inspiration allegedly was from a painting in the {{lang|de|Rotes Rathaus}} city hall that featured cobbler's daughter Anna Sasse.
Later, in 1895, the gypsum figure by Hundrieser was copper-melted and unveiled in Alexanderplatz on December 17. Weighing five tonnes, it was placed in front of the site where Hermann Tietz erected his department store in 1904.
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R94716, Berlin, die "Berolina" auf dem Alexanderplatz.jpg]]
The statue was damaged in the barricade fights of the German Revolution of 1918–19. It had to be removed during the construction of the U5 underground line in 1927, but was set up again in 1933. The nearby {{lang|de|Berolinahaus}}, built in 1929–32 according to plans by Peter Behrens, was named after the statue. Finally dismantled on 26 August 1942, it was probably melted down in 1944 for war purposes. A model is preserved at the Märkisches Museum.
In 2000, an association named {{lang|de|Wiedererstellung und Pflege der Berolina e.V.}} ('Recreation and Maintenance of Berolina eV') was created with the aim to rebuild the statue.{{cite web|author=Alexander Glintschert |url=http://www.anderes-berlin.de/html/berolina.html |title=Berolina |publisher=Anderes-berlin.de |date= |accessdate=2012-02-11}}
Name
Many Berliner companies are named "Berolina". A leading German film studio of the 1950s was called Berolina Film. In the past, there were several radio and television broadcasts in which references were made to the city's personification. Today, it is the popular name of central Berlin Police radio. A housing cooperative also bears the Berolina name.{{cite web |url=https://berolina.info/ |publisher=Berolina WohnungsbauGenossenschaft |access-date=28 January 2025}}
In 1980s, the "Berolina" music awards were organized, sponsored by the TV networks ARD, ZDF and ORF, and hosted on television by Thomas Gottschalk on 27 August 1987 with a total of 15 musicians and bands.
Several songs, poems, and plays are named "Berolina"; as for example, works by Kurt Tucholsky,{{in lang|de}} [http://www.trafff.de/IGEL-Dateien/14_BEROLINA.pdf Berolina by Kurt Tucholsky] Günter Neumann, Ulli Herzog, and Alexander von Bentheim.
The Main belt asteroid 422 Berolina, is also named after the city.
Photogallery
File:1889 Berolina.jpg|Berolina in Potsdamer Platz, 1889
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R75280, Berlin, "Berolina" am Alexanderplatz.jpg|Berolina in Alexanderplatz, 1900
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J03164, Berlin, Abtragen der Berolina-Statue.jpg|The statue in 1942
File:Berlin, Hausvogteiplatz, Tanzende Berolina von Axel Anklam.jpg|Dancing Berolina, sculpture of Axel Anklam, in Hausvogteiplatz (2004)
See also
- Bavaria, personification of the Land of Bavaria
- Berlino, mascot for the 2009 World Championships in athletics
- Berolina (train), which ran between Warsaw and Berlin
- Deutscher Michel, personification of German people
- Flag and Coat of Arms of Berlin
- Germania, national personification of Germany
- Hammonia, personification of Hamburg
Notes
{{reflist|group=note}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{commons category|Berolina}}
- {{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426065333/http://www.berolina-standbild.de/index.html Berolina Statue website]
- [https://www.nytimes.com/1918/08/03/archives/to-melt-berolina-statue-germans-disappointed-at-small-copper-supply.html An article] of The New York Times
{{coord missing|Berlin}}