Berrima Correctional Centre

{{Requested move notice|1=Berrima Gaol|2=Wikipedia talk:WikiProject New South Wales#Requested move 8 March 2025}}

{{Infobox prison

| name = Berrima Correctional Centre

| image = BerrimaGaolBldg.jpg

| image_size = 250

| caption = Sandstone façade of the old Berrima gaol, constructed between 1863 and 1868 under the supervision of Mortimer Lewis

| location = {{NSWcity|Berrima}}, New South Wales

| country = Australia

| status = Closed

| classification = Minimum security

| capacity = 75

| population =

| population_as_of =

| opened = {{start date|1839}}{{endash}}{{end date|1909}}
{{start date|1949}}{{endash}}{{end date|2011}}
{{start date|2016}}{{endash}}2020

| closed = 2020

| former_name = {{bulleted list|Berrima Gaol|Berrima Training Centre}}

| managed_by = Corrective Services NSW

| coordinates = {{coord |-34.48748|150.33545|display=title,inline|format=dms}}

| pushpin_map = New South Wales

| pushpin_relief = 1

| pushpin_mapsize = 250

| pushpin_map_alt =

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in New South Wales

| pushpin_label = Berrima Correctional Centre

| embedded =

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| material = Sandstone and brick

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| architect = James Barnet

| architecture_firm = Colonial Architect of New South Wales

}}

{{Designation list

| embed = yes

| designation1 = RNE

| designation1_offname =

| designation1_date = 21 March 1978

| designation1_number =

| designation2 = NSW

| designation2_offname = Berrima Correctional Centre

| designation2_date = 2 April 1999

| designation2_number = 00807

}}

The Berrima Correctional Centre was an Australian prison, located at Berrima, New South Wales. The Centre was operational between 1839 and 2011 with a number of breaks in between, was re-opened in September 2016 and then permanently closed in 2020.{{cite web |title=Former Berrima Correctional Centre |url=https://www.dpie.nsw.gov.au/housing-and-property/our-business/advisory-and-transactions/former-berrima-correction-centre |website=Property and Development New South Wales |access-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240226034425/https://www.dpie.nsw.gov.au/housing-and-property/our-business/advisory-and-transactions/former-berrima-correction-centre |archive-date=26 February 2024}} Initially established as Berrima Gaol, the facility closed in 1909 and reopened in 1949 as the Berrima Training Centre. The Centre was the oldest Australian correctional facility in operation. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.{{cite NSW SHR|5045150|Berrima Correctional Centre|hr=00807|fn=H00/00337/01|accessdate=2 June 2018}}

History

The old Berrima Gaol was built in 1835–39 of local sandstone at a cost of £5,400. Convicted London joiner and carpenter James Gough (1790–1876) who arrived on the Earl Spencer in 1813 and gained his conditional pardon in 1821, was awarded the construction of Berrima Gaol in partnership with John Richards in 1834; much of the construction work was done by convicts in irons. It initially comprised 34 cells accommodating 66 prisoners. The design was adopted by the Governor, Richard Bourke, from a Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline pamphlet. Conditions at the gaol were harsh; prisoners spent most of their days in cells and the only light was through a small grate set in the door. It was originally designed to hold prisoners from the surrounding areas, but Goulburn Gaol took over this role and Berrima Gaol became a subsidiary prison housing sick and aged convicts from other gaols.Webb, 2008, 10{{cite news |title=Traveller: Berrima |url=http://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-factsheet/berrima-20081113-5yjx.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=1 January 2009 |accessdate=25 February 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121022231653/http://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-factsheet/berrima-20081113-5yjx.html |archive-date=22 October 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}

Australia's first serial killer John Lynch was hanged here in 1842. Another of the notable trials held in the nearby Berrima Court House was that of Lucretia Dunkley and her lover Martin Beech. Both were hanged in 1843 for the murder of Dunkley's husband. Dunkley was the only woman hanged at Berrima Gaol.

In 1866 the Gaol was renovated to the standards described by the prison reform movement for a "model prison", enlarging the prison such as to provide separate cells for 110 prisoners. However, Berrima Gaol had solitary confinement cells which measured 8 feet by 5 feet, some smaller, where it was intended that all prisoners spent one year. In 1877 a Royal Commission was held to investigate allegations of cruelty by the prison authorities, but the complaints were not upheld.

In 1898, a residence for the governor (or superintendent) of the jail was built next door to the gaol. In the 1930s it was used as a police station. A house for the deputy superintendent was built on the other side of the gaol.

The gaol was closed in 1909. During World War I the army used Berrima Gaol (in conjunction with an adjacent area, now known as the Berrima Internment Camp Huts Area) as a German-prisoner internment camp. Most of the 329 internees were enemy aliens from shipping companies. There were German officers from Rabaul, German New Guinea (what is now Papua New Guinea) and also officers from the light cruiser SMS Emden.[http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime/berrimabanner/ Berrima DADG banner, c. 1916] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229145027/http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime/berrimabanner/ |date=29 February 2012 }} at NSW Government Migration Heritage Centre[http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1719938 Berrima Concentration Camp, World War I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614133856/http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1719938 |date=14 June 2011 }} Documents and images at National Library of Australia

Between the wars the gaol was opened for public inspection as a place of historic interest. From 1944 to 1949, the whole gaol was rebuilt by prison labour at a cost of 18,000 pounds. Only the entrance and outer walls of old Berrima Gaol were left standing. In 1948 the Berrima Training Centre, a minimum security correctional centre opened at the Berrima Gaol.

Between 1970 and 2001, the Centre was classified as minimum/medium security for male inmates. Most inmates were permitted to work outside of the Centre on the local market gardens managed by Corrective Services NSW. Some detainees were permitted to maintain local parks and gardens and also assist with duties in the community such as fighting fires with the local firefighters.

In 2001 the Centre changed its name to Berrima Correctional Centre and, after one hundred and sixty six years as a men's prison, the Centre became a woman's prison, with a capacity of fifty-nine inmates.

Immediately prior to its closure in 2011, the Centre was an all-female low-to-medium-security prison,{{cite web |author=Appel, Gred |year=2003 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/radio/rpf/stories/s1296319.htm |title=Berrima Gaol From The Inside Out |work=Street Stories |publisher=ABC Radio National |location=Australia |accessdate=30 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050327072437/http://www.abc.net.au/radio/rpf/stories/s1296319.htm |archive-date=27 March 2005 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} and was responsible for the administration of a periodic detention centre and court cells at Wollongong. In the 2011 NSW State Budget, the Government announced that the centre would be closed, which took effect on 4 November 2011.{{cite web |date=23 August 2011 | url=http://www.aic.gov.au/criminal_justice_system/corrections/facilities/nsw.aspx#berrima |title= Correctional facilities in New South Wales: Berrima |publisher= Australian Institute of Criminology |accessdate=25 February 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120324174015/http://aic.gov.au/criminal_justice_system/corrections/facilities/nsw.aspx#berrima |archive-date= 24 March 2012 |url-status=dead |df= dmy-all }}{{cite news | url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/historic-berrima-jail-has-finally-served-its-time-20111021-1mcak.html |title=Historic Berrima jail has finally served its time |date=22 October 2011 |last=O'Malley |first= Nick |accessdate=22 October 2011 | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111022201937/http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/historic-berrima-jail-has-finally-served-its-time-20111021-1mcak.html |archive-date=22 October 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}

The Centre was re-opened on 27 September 2016 as part of a statewide initiative to add 1400 beds to the New South Wales prison population. It was expected to house 75 minimum security prisoners.{{cite news | title=NSW prisons to see 1,400 extra beds, old jails re-opened | url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-10/nsw-prisons-to-see-1400-extra-beds-old-jails-re-opened/7712570 |accessdate=10 August 2016 |work=ABC News | publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=10 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160810111739/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-10/nsw-prisons-to-see-1400-extra-beds-old-jails-re-opened/7712570 |archive-date=10 August 2016 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all }}

In 2019, Berrima Correction Centre became the centre of a scandal, as prison officer, Colin Kelleher, was arrested and later found guilty, for having a romantic relationship with inmate, Kim Quach. He was suspended and given a 12 month community corrective order.

Berrima Correctional Centre was permanently closed in 2020 as it was no longer fit-for-purpose and surplus to Corrective Service NSW’s requirements.{{cite web |title=Former Berrima Correctional Centre |url=https://www.dpie.nsw.gov.au/housing-and-property/our-business/advisory-and-transactions/former-berrima-correction-centre |website=Property and Development New South Wales |access-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240226034425/https://www.dpie.nsw.gov.au/housing-and-property/our-business/advisory-and-transactions/former-berrima-correction-centre |archive-date=26 February 2024}} In 2022, the site was sold to a property developer.{{cite news |last1=Macken |first1=Lucy |title=Berrima Gaol sold for $7 million to ‘football whisperer’ developer |url=https://www.smh.com.au/property/news/berrima-gaol-sold-for-7-million-to-football-whisperer-developer-20220519-p5amme.html |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=Sydney Morning Herald |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240226035557/https://www.smh.com.au/property/news/berrima-gaol-sold-for-7-million-to-football-whisperer-developer-20220519-p5amme.html |archive-date=26 February 2024}}{{cite news |title=Old Berrima jail set to become an even bigger tourist attraction |url=https://southwestvoice.com.au/berrima-jail/ |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=South West Voice |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240226035551/https://southwestvoice.com.au/berrima-jail/ |archive-date=26 February 2024}}{{cite news |last1=Hogan |first1=Ruth |title=Developer to transform Berrima Gaol into boutique hotel following $7m purchase |url=https://www.hotelmanagement.com.au/2022/05/20/developer-to-transform-berrima-gaol-into-boutique-hotel-following-7m-purchase/ |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=Hotel Management |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240226035547/https://www.hotelmanagement.com.au/2022/05/20/developer-to-transform-berrima-gaol-into-boutique-hotel-following-7m-purchase/ |archive-date=26 February 2024}}

Heritage listing

Berrima Gaol is one of the few remaining compounds dating from pre 1840. It is an early example of the application of model prison layouts. Associated with the development of Berrima, and the adjacent courthouse, the Gaol is significant for its phases of use.

Berrima Correctional Centre was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Photo gallery

File:BerrimaCells.jpg|Cellblock

File:BerrimaYards.jpg|Prison yards and catwalk

File:Berrima gaol 2009.jpg|The old Berrima Gaol was, in its latter days, a training centre for female convicts

File:gaolnotice.jpg|This notice outside the building outlines the gaol's historical timeline

File:Governor'sResidenceBerrima.JPG|Governor's Residence

References

= Citations =

= Sources =

{{cite book |author = State Projects Heritage Group - DPWS |year = 1995 |title = SW Department of Corrective Services Heritage and Conservation Register }}
{{cite book |author1 = Webb |author2 = Chris |author3 = Charlotte |year = 2008 |title = Conservation Management Plan, Coach & Horses Inn, 24 Jellore Street, Berrima }}
{{cite book |author = State Projects Heritage Group |year = 1995 |title = Department of Corrective Services: Interim Heritage and Conservation Register |number = 18 }}

; Attribution