Beruniy
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Beruniy
| native_name = Beruniy/Беруний
| official_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
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| pushpin_map = Uzbekistan#West Asia
| pushpin_relief =yes
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uzbekistan
| coordinates = {{coord|41|41|N|60|45|E|region:UZ_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
| subdivision_type1 = Autonomous Republic
| subdivision_name1 = Karakalpakstan
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Beruniy District
| established_title = City status
| established_date = 1962
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| population_as_of = 2016
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 55900
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| timezone = UZT
| utc_offset = +5
| timezone_DST = not observed
| utc_offset_DST = +5
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| postal_code_type = Postal code
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| footnotes =
| named_for = Al-Biruni
}}
Beruniy ({{langx|uz|Beruniy/Беруний}}; {{langx|kaa|Biruniy/Бируний}}; {{langx|ru|Беруни}}) is a city in the autonomous republic of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. It is located on the northern bank of the Amu Darya near Uzbekistan's border with Turkmenistan. The city is the seat of Beruniy District.{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/uploads/docs/soato(mhobt)_2020.xlsx|title=Classification system of territorial units of the Republic of Uzbekistan|language=uz, ru|date=July 2020|publisher=The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics}} Historically, Beruniy was known as Kath (Persian/{{langx|ar|کاث}}; modern {{langx|uz|Kos}})Habib Borjian, "KĀṮ", www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kat-city and served as the capital of Khwarazm during the Afrighid dynasty. In 1957, it was renamed "Beruniy" in honor of the medieval scholar and polymath Al-Biruni who was born here. Beruniy received city status in 1962.
Beruniy is an important industrial city in Karakalpakstan. It is home to an asphalt plant, a brick factory, a cotton plant, and a shoe factory. There are also many textile factories.
History
Beruniy was the capital of Khwarezm from the time of the Afrighid dynasty around 305 CE, replacing the old capital of Toprak-Kala.{{cite encyclopedia | last = | first = | authorlink = |editor-first = Ibrohim | editor-last = Moʻminov | encyclopedia = Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi | title = Beruniy |trans-title=| url = | language = Uzbek | edition = | year = 1972 | publisher = | volume = 2 | location = Toshkent | id = | isbn = | oclc = | doi = | pages = 188 | quote = }}{{cite encyclopedia | year = 2000–2005 | title = Beruniy | last = | first = | encyclopedia = Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi | location = Toshkent | language = Uzbek | id =}} At that time it was known as Kath (modern {{langx|uz|Kos}}). The city underwent many name changes, including Fil and Shobboz. In 1957, it was renamed Beruniy in honor of the scholar and polymath Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī who was born and raised in the town.
Beruniy received the status of a city in 1962.{{cite encyclopedia | year = 1988 | title = Beruniy | encyclopedia = Ensiklopedik lugʻat | publisher = Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi | location = Toshkent | language = Uzbek | id = 5-89890-002-0 | pages = 96 | volume = 1}} In 1969, Amu Darya River overflew its banks.{{cite encyclopedia | last = | first = | authorlink = |editor-first = Ibrohim | editor-last = Moʻminov | encyclopedia = Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi | title = Amudaryo |trans-title=| url = | language = Uzbek | edition = | year = 1971 | publisher = | volume = 1 | location = Toshkent | id = | isbn = | oclc = | doi = | pages = 328 | quote = }}{{cite news|last=Iskandar|first=Abdulla|title=Fears over Amu Darya's rage|newspaper=Озодлик Радиоси |url=http://www.ozodlik.org/content/article/1324702.html|publisher=RFE/RL's Uzbek Service|access-date=24 January 2015|language=Uzbek|date=9 February 2008}} As a result, several buildings in Beruniy were badly damaged. However, they were quickly repaired.
Geography
Beruniy is located on the northern bank of the Amu Darya near Uzbekistan's border with Turkmenistan. By road it is {{convert|936|km}} west of Tashkent and {{convert|55.6|km}} northeast of Khiva.{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps?ll=41.683333,60.75&q=41.683333,60.75&hl=en&t=m&z=12|title=Beruni|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=24 January 2015}}
= Climate =
Beruniy has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk) with sharp continental influences. It has cold winters and hot summers. The average July temperature is {{convert|38|C}}. The mean temperature in January is {{convert|-15|-|-20|C}}.
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|Jan precipitation cm= |Jan precipitation mm=8.3
|Feb precipitation cm= |Feb precipitation mm=7.8
|Mar precipitation cm= |Mar precipitation mm=15.2
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Demographics
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|source={{cite web|title=Beruni (City in Karakalpak ASSR)|url=http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/69508/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8|publisher=Akademik|access-date=24 January 2015|language=Russian}}{{cite web|title=Beruniy City|url=http://goroda.uz/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81/|publisher=Goroda.uz|access-date=24 January 2015|language=Russian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120140920/http://goroda.uz/%d0%b3%d0%be%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4-%d0%b1%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%83%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%81%d0%bf%d1%83%d0%b1%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b0-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%81/|archive-date=20 January 2015|url-status=dead}}
|1968|18000
|1970|23000
|2000|47300
|2004|50700
|2016|55900
}}
Economy
Beruniy is an important industrial city in Karakalpakstan. It is home to an asphalt plant, a brick factory, a cotton plant, and a shoe factory. There are also many textile factories.
Education
References
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Karakalpakstan}}